主谓一致_公开课件.ppt

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1、Subject-Verb Agreement主谓一致主谓一致Usefulstructures语法详解：语法详解：“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致.Theboy_diving.They_diving.BothJackandTim_diving.Allofthem_diving.NeitherJacknorTim_walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:Bob Bob_aworker.isMike MikeandBob_workers.areBothMikeandBob_workers.areNeitherMikeno

2、rBob_ateacher.isBill Neitherofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowAllofthem_workers.Noneofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/know谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语一致。语法一致意义一致就近一致主谓一致主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则 单数名词单数名词 单数代词单数代词动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 谓单谓单动名词短语动名词短语从句从句主语为复数主语为复数 谓复谓复(一一)语法一致原则语法一致原则1、当主语是：当主语是：ExamplesHis father worki

3、ng on the farm.To study English well not easy.What he said very important for us all.The children in the classroom two hours ago.Reading in the sun bad for your eyes.isisisiswere2、由连接词、由连接词and或或both and连接起来的连接起来的合成主语后面合成主语后面,要用要用复数形式复数形式的谓语动词。的谓语动词。如如:Lucy and Lily twins.Both she and he Young Pionee

4、rs.When to hold the meeting and where to have lunch _ decided yet.When and where to hold the meeting _(not)decided yet.arearehave not beenhas not beenAttention:若若and所所连连接的两个接的两个词词是指是指同一个人或物同一个人或物时时,它后面的它后面的谓语动词谓语动词就就应应用用单单数数形式。形式。这这两种情况区分如下：两种情况区分如下：a/the+单单数名数名词词+and+单单数名数名词词，指的是同一个人或物；，指的是同一个人或物；a

5、/the+单单数名数名词词+and+a/the+单单数名数名词词，指两个人或物。，指两个人或物。如如:The writer and the teacher _ coming.作家和老作家和老师师来了。（作家和老来了。（作家和老师师是两个人）是两个人）The writer and teacher _ coming.那位作家兼教那位作家兼教师师来了。来了。（作家和教（作家和教师师指同一个指同一个)The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.hashave isThe gift is used to have western meals

6、.What is it?A knife and fork used to have meals.isAttention:由由and连连接的并列接的并列单单数主数主语语前如果分前如果分别别有有no,each,every修修饰时饰时,即即主语是主语是each/every/no+单数名词单数名词+and(each/every/no)+单数名词时，单数名词时，其其谓语动词谓语动词要用要用单单数数形式。形式。如如:Each boy and each girl _ got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位Every man and every woman _ at work.每个男人和女人都在工作

7、.No boy and no girl _ it.(like)Every hour and minute _ important.has isislikes第二个第二个each,every,no,可以省略。可以省略。Attention:3.many a+单数名词作主语，意义单数名词作主语，意义虽为虽为“许多许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student_beentoShanghai.许许多学生到多学生到过过上海。上海。Manya student and teacher_(be)watchingthefootballmatch.more than one+单单数名

8、数名词词作主作主语语，谓语谓语用用单单数。数。(形单意复)More than one student_everbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾不止一个学生曾经经去去过过北京。北京。hasishas 4、主语为主语为单数名词单数名词或或代词代词,尽管后面跟尽管后面跟有有with,together with,along with,as well as,rather than,except,but,like,besides,including等引起的短语等引起的短语,谓谓语动词仍用语动词仍用单数单数形式形式;若若主语为复数主语为复数,谓语谓语用用复数复数形式。形式。即即谓语动词的数谓语动词

9、的数随主语的变随主语的变化而变化化而变化 1.The teacher with two students _ at the meeting.(was/were)2.E-mail,as well as the telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play wasA3.The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in the street.老老师师和他的学生和他的学生们们正在

10、街道上植正在街道上植树树。isMr.Black,as well as two women,_ at the office.isMr.Black with,together with,along with5.(1)either,neither,each,every 或或no+单单数名数名词词和由和由some,any,every,no构成的构成的复合不定代复合不定代词词(somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing,都作都作单单数数看待看待.如如:Eve

11、rythingaroundus_matter._everyone heretoday.今天大家到齐了吗？今天大家到齐了吗？Something _wrongwithhim.他有毛病。他有毛病。Neither answer_correct.两个答案都不正确。两个答案都不正确。Isisisis 5、(2)every one of one of each of either of neither of+复数名词作主语，谓语用单复数名词作主语，谓语用单数数。Each of the students _ a book.Each of the girls _dancing.(like)One of them

12、 _ been abroad.Neither of the two boys _ good at English.haslikeshasis注意注意:在口语中当在口语中当neitherneither后跟有后跟有“ofof+复数复数名词名词(或代词或代词)”作主语时作主语时,其谓语动词也可用其谓语动词也可用复复数。数。如如:Neither of the texts:Neither of the texts is(are)is(are)interesting.interesting.若若none ofnone of后面的名词是后面的名词是不可数不可数名词名词,它的谓语动它的谓语动词就要用词就要用单

13、单数数;若它后面的名词是若它后面的名词是复复数数,它的谓语动词它的谓语动词用用单数单数或或复数复数都可以。都可以。如如:None of us:None of us _ been to America.been to America.NeitherNeither ofof them _(know)how to them _(know)how to teach Englishteach English.knows/knowknows/knowhave/hashave/has6、one of复数名词定语从句复数名词定语从句结构结构如果如果one前面没有限定词前面没有限定词，这个句型中的，这个句型中的

14、“复数名复数名词词”是先行词，是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果如果one前面有前面有the only,the first,the last,the right等限定词修饰等限定词修饰，则，则one是先行词，是先行词，定语定语从句的谓语动词用单数。从句的谓语动词用单数。如如:He is one of my friends who _ working hard.He is the only one of my friends who _ working hard.areis 7、如果集体名词指的是、如果集体名词指的是整个集体整个集体,它的谓语动词用它的谓语动词用单

15、单数数;如果它指集体的如果它指集体的成员成员,其谓语动词就用其谓语动词就用复数复数形式。这些词形式。这些词有有family,class,crowd,team,group,population,audience,army,government等。等。如如:Class Four:Class Four on the third floor.on the third floor.Class FourClass Four unable to agree upon a monitorunable to agree upon a monitor.isareHis His familyfamily _goin

16、g out._going out.His His familyfamily _ _ _ all music lovers.all music lovers.isare注意注意:people,police,cattle等名等名词词一般都用一般都用作复数。作复数。如如:T:The police looking for the lost child.The police _ searching for a thief.The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.areareare8.由分数或百分数分数或百分数或a lot of,lots of,half of,the

17、rest of,some of,most of,all of,(a)part of+名词作主语名词作主语时，谓语动词谓语动词的形式的形式与与of 后面的名词的数后面的名词的数一致一致 e.g.Lots of Lots of damagedamage _(be)caused by _(be)caused by the fire.the fire.Some students are planting trees.The Some students are planting trees.The rest of rest of themthem _(be)watering them._(be)wate

18、ring them.On the earth about 75%of the On the earth about 75%of the surfacesurface _(be)covered with water_(be)covered with water All of the All of the apples _apples _rotten.rotten.All of the All of the apple _apple _rotten.rotten.wasareisareis注意注意:a number ofa number of 许多许多,作定语修饰复数名作定语修饰复数名词词,谓语用

19、谓语用复复数数;the number ofthe number of 的数量的数量,主主语是语是number,number,谓语用谓语用单单数。数。areisAnumberofnewbooks_onthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclass_50.the quantity of+复数名词或不可数名词，复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数谓语用单数。a quantity of+复数名词复数名词,谓语用复数谓语用复数。a quantity of+不可数名词不可数名词,谓语用单数谓语用单数.quantities of+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用

20、复数。用复数。Quantities of tea _ sold last month.A large quantity of beer _ sold out.The quantity of books in the library _ amazing.Quantity/ies of+名名词复数复数/不可数名不可数名词werewasis 9 9、在倒装句中、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。语一致。如如:There:There the bus.(come)the bus.(come)On the wall On the wall many pictures.ma

21、ny pictures.Such Such the result.the esareis1 1、what,who,which,any,more,allwhat,who,which,any,more,all等代词等代词可以是可以是单数单数,也可是也可是复数复数,主要靠意思来决定。主要靠意思来决定。如如:Which:Which your bag?your bag?Which Which your bags?your bags?All All going well.going well.(二二)意义一致原则意义一致原则:isareis2 2、表示、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值、金钱时间、重量、长度、

22、价值、金钱 等的名等的名词的复数作主语时词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用单数单数形式形式,这是这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体如如:Thirty minutes:Thirty minutes enough for the work.enough for the work.is1.1.Eight hours of sleepEight hours of sleep isis enough.enough.2.2.A hundred milesA hundred miles is is a long distance.a long distanc

23、e.3.3.Ten poundsTen pounds waswas missing from my pocket.missing from my pocket.4.4.Twenty yearsTwenty years _(pass)_(pass)since he left since he left his hometown.his hometown.has passedhas passed3 3、若主语是、若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的等的复数形式复数形式,其谓语动词通常用其谓语动词通常用单数单数形式。形式。但但the Olympic the

24、 Olympic GamesGames做主语，谓语用复数。做主语，谓语用复数。如如:The Arabian Nights:The Arabian Nights an interesting story-an interesting story-book book The Olympic Games _ held every four years.The Olympic Games _ held every four years.The United States of America _ founded in The United States of America _ founded in

25、1776.1776.isarearewaswas4 4、表数量的短语、表数量的短语“one and a halfone and a half”后接复数名词作后接复数名词作主语时主语时,其谓语动词用其谓语动词用单数单数形式。形式。如如:One and a half apples:One and a half apples left on the left on the table.table.5 5、算式中表示、算式中表示数目数目(字字)的主语通常作的主语通常作单单数看待数看待,其谓其谓语动词采用语动词采用单单数形式。数形式。如如:Twelve plus eight:Twelve plus ei

26、ght twenty.twenty.is isOne and a half hoursisenough.一个半小时足够了。一个半小时足够了。6 6、一些学科名词是以、一些学科名词是以-ics -ics 结尾结尾,如如:mathematics,politics,physics:mathematics,politics,physics 以及以及news,news,worksworks(工厂）工厂）等等,都属于都属于形式上是复数的名词形式上是复数的名词,实际实际意义为单数名词意义为单数名词,它们作主语时它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用其谓语动词要用单单数数形式。形式。如如:The paper works

27、:The paper works built in 1990.built in 1990.I I dont dont think physicsthink physics easy to study.easy to study.No news _(be)good news.wasisis 7 7、trousers,glasses,scissors以及以及clothes,goods等等 等词作主语时等词作主语时,谓语用谓语用复数复数,但如果这些名词但如果这些名词前有前有a(the)pair ofa(the)pair of等等量量词修饰时词修饰时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单单数。数。如如:My gla

28、sses:My glasses broken.broken.The pair of shoes under the bed The pair of shoes under the bed his.his.The goods _(belong)to Mr.Wang.8 8、定冠词定冠词the+the+形容词或分词形容词或分词,表示某表示某一类一类人时人时,动动词用词用复复数。数。表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。areisThe poor_veryhappy,butthe rich_sad.穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。The beautifu

29、l_forever.美是永存的。美是永存的。belongarearelives(三三)就近一致原则。就近一致原则。1 1、当两个主语由、当两个主语由either either or,neither or,neither nor,nor,whether whether or or,not only,not only but but alsoalso,not.but,not.but连接时连接时,谓语动词和谓语动词和邻近的主语邻近的主语一致。一致。如如:Either the teacher or the students:Either the teacher or the students our

30、our friends.friends.Neither they nor he Neither they nor he wholly right.wholly right.areis 2 2、there bethere be句型句型bebe动词单复数取决于动词单复数取决于其后其后的主语的主语。如果其后是由。如果其后是由andand连接的连接的两个主语两个主语,则应与则应与靠近的靠近的那个主语保持一致。那个主语保持一致。如如:There:There two chairs and a desk in two chairs and a desk in the room.the room.There

31、There a desk and two chairs in a desk and two chairs in the room.the room.areisExercises:1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one

32、examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave comeHomework