高三英语外刊改编模拟题阅读理解命题训练（3）.docx

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1、高中英语外刊选文原创阅读理解命题训练（3）The Amazing BrainOur brains are truly amazing. They allow us to think, learn, feel, and interact with the world around us. The brain is made up of over 100 billion nerve cells, called neurons, which are responsible for sending and receiving signals that control all of our bodily

2、 functions.But did you know that the human brain is also capable of changing and adapting? This is called neuroplasticity, and it means that our brains can create new neural pathways and reorganize existing ones based on our experiences and behaviors.For example, if you learn a new skill, such as pl

3、aying an instrument or speaking a new language, your brain will create new neural connections that strengthen with practice. And if you suffer an injury or illness that affects your brain function, your brain may be able to reorganize itself to compensate for the damage.Researchers are still learnin

4、g about the full extent of the brains abilities, but one thing is certain: the more we challenge our brains, the stronger they become.Reading Comprehension Questions:1. What are neurons responsible for in the brain?A. Controlling bodily functionsB. Creating new neural pathwaysC. Adapting to new expe

5、riencesD. Receiving and sending signalsAnswer: D. Neurons are responsible for receiving and sending signals that control bodily functions.2. What is neuroplasticity?A. The ability of the brain to create new neural pathwaysB. The ability of the brain to adapt and changeC. The ability of the brain to

6、reorganize existing neural pathwaysD. The ability of the brain to strengthen neural connections with practiceAnswer: B. Neuroplasticity refers to the brains ability to change and adapt.3. How does learning a new skill affect the brain?A. It creates new neural connections that weaken with practice.B.

7、 It creates new neural connections that strengthen with practice.C. It damages existing neural pathways.D. It has no effect on the brain.Answer: B. Learning a new skill creates new neural connections in the brain that strengthen with practice.4. What can the brain do if it suffers an injury or illne

8、ss?A. It can create new neural pathways.B. It can reorganize itself to compensate for the damage.C. It cant do anything to repair the damage.D. It can only create new neural connections in unaffected areas.Answer: B. The brain may be able to reorganize itself to compensate for damage caused by injur

9、y or illness.5. What is the relationship between challenging the brain and its strength?A. The more the brain is challenged, the weaker it becomes.B. The more the brain is challenged, the stronger it becomes.C. The brains strength is not affected by challenges.D. The brain becomes stronger if it is

10、not challenged.Answer: B. The more we challenge our brains, the stronger they become.Comprehension Questions:1. How does neuroplasticity relate to the brains ability to learn and adapt to new experiences?Answer: Neuroplasticity refers to the brains ability to change and adapt, and this allows the br

11、ain to create new neural pathways and reorganize existing ones based on our experiences and behaviors. Therefore, neuroplasticity is closely related to the brains ability to learn and adapt to new experiences.2. Can neuroplasticity help individuals recover from brain injuries or illnesses? How?Answe

12、r: Yes, neuroplasticity can help individuals recover from brain injuries or illnesses. If the brain suffers an injury or illness, it may be able to reorganize itself to compensate for the damage. This means that the brain can create new neural pathways or strengthen existing ones in unaffected areas

13、 of the brain, which can help compensate for the damage caused by the injury or illness. For example, if someone has a stroke that affects the language center of their brain, neuroplasticity may allow other areas of the brain to take on some of the language functions and help the person recover some

14、 of their language abilities. However, the extent to which the brain can recover from injury or illness varies depending on the severity of the damage and the individuals unique circumstances.3. How does the concept of neuroplasticity challenge the previously held belief that the brain is fixed and

15、unchangeable?Answer: The concept of neuroplasticity challenges the previously held belief that the brain is fixed and unchangeable because it suggests that the brain has the ability to change and adapt based on our experiences and behaviors. Neuroplasticity shows that the brain is capable of creatin

16、g new neural pathways and reorganizing existing ones, which means that the brain is not as rigid and unchangeable as previously believed.4. How can individuals use the concept of neuroplasticity to improve their cognitive abilities and overall brain health?Answer: Individuals can use the concept of

17、neuroplasticity to improve their cognitive abilities and overall brain health by engaging in activities that challenge the brain and promote the creation of new neural pathways. For example, learning a new skill, playing brain games, or engaging in physical exercise can all help promote neuroplastic

18、ity and improve brain function. Additionally, avoiding habits that can damage the brain, such as excessive alcohol consumption or drug use, can also help maintain brain health.5. What are some potential implications of ongoing research on neuroplasticity for the treatment of neurological disorders?A

19、nswer: Ongoing research on neuroplasticity has the potential to lead to new treatments for neurological disorders. By understanding how the brain can adapt and change, researchers may be able to develop therapies that promote neuroplasticity and help individuals recover from brain injuries or illnes

20、ses. Additionally, research on neuroplasticity may also provide insights into the underlying causes of neurological disorders and lead to new treatments for conditions such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, and stroke. However, more research is needed to fully understand the implications of

21、 neuroplasticity for the treatment of neurological disorders.Translation/翻译：神经可塑性是指大脑可以改变其结构和功能，以适应环境和经验的变化。在过去，人们认为大脑是固定的，不能改变，但神经可塑性研究表明大脑可以在很多方面改变，包括学习、记忆、运动和情感反应。神经可塑性的发现在治疗神经系统疾病、康复和提高认知能力方面具有潜在意义。Grammar points/语法知识点提炼：1. Passive voice: The passive voice is used in the sentence Neuroplasticity

22、 shows that the brain is capable of creating new neural pathways and reorganizing existing ones, where the subject of the sentence (the brain) is receiving the action (creating new neural pathways and reorganizing existing ones). This is a common way to discuss scientific findings in academic writin

23、g.2. Modal verb: The modal verb can is used throughout the text to describe the brains ability to change and adapt. This verb is often used to express possibility or ability in English.3. Complex sentence: The sentence However, the extent to which the brain can recover from injury or illness varies

24、depending on the severity of the damage and the individuals unique circumstances is a complex sentence that includes a dependent clause (the extent to which the brain can recover from injury or illness varies depending on.) and an independent clause (the severity of the damage and the individuals un

25、ique circumstances).4. Prepositions: The text uses prepositions to describe the relationship between different elements in a sentence, such as based on, in response to, and in unaffected areas. Prepositions can be tricky for non-native speakers to learn because they often have different meanings depending on the context.学科网（北京）股份有限公司