英语听力训练指导 (2).ppt

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1、高中英语听力训练指导一、听力测试的目的和要求二、命题原则和要求三、听力测试的题型四、听力试题的考点五、试卷分析及答题技巧试卷分析及答题技巧六、听力训练策略七、听力试题的命制八、听力课的备课及探讨九、English 测试中有关听力测试的内容十、掌握其他听力试题题型，进行有效梯度训练。1、听力理解能力是人们语言交际能力的一个、听力理解能力是人们语言交际能力的一个重要组成部分。重要组成部分。2、我省已决定在、我省已决定在2001年高考英语科考试中增年高考英语科考试中增加听力理解的考试。这有助于高校选拔具有更加听力理解的考试。这有助于高校选拔具有更强交际能力的学生。强交际能力的学生。3、加试听力反映了

2、高考命题重视交际的倾向，、加试听力反映了高考命题重视交际的倾向，集中体现了英语语言的学习实质是交际的正确集中体现了英语语言的学习实质是交际的正确论断。因此必须认真研究广东和全国加试听力论断。因此必须认真研究广东和全国加试听力的英语试题，探索切实可行的复习备课策略，的英语试题，探索切实可行的复习备课策略，提高英语教学的效果和成绩。提高英语教学的效果和成绩。一、听力测试的目的和要求一、听力测试的目的和要求二、命题原则和要求 NMET听力理解题要求考生听懂有关日常生活、文化教育、风土人情、传说、时事、人物、科普等的简短对话或独白；掌握所听材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；能理解具

3、体事实和表面意思，也能初步理解深层的含义，并能根据所听材料进行简单的推理，如推测对话或讲话的时间、地点，讲话人的身份、关系及态度等等。听力测试题的能力考察：（1）领略要义的能力（2）获取详细的事实性信息的能力（3）对谈话背景进行推断的能力（4）理解说话者意图的能力1999年和年和2000年的试题都分两节，第一节是五个较短年的试题都分两节，第一节是五个较短的对话，每个对话只有几句，只听一道，考生要在的对话，每个对话只有几句，只听一道，考生要在10秒时间内回答秒时间内回答5题和阅读完下一个题目。第二节的对题和阅读完下一个题目。第二节的对话与独白播放两次，每小题有话与独白播放两次，每小题有5秒钟时间

4、让考生阅读秒钟时间让考生阅读问题，听后有问题，听后有5秒钟时间做题。秒钟时间做题。三、听力测试的题型三、听力测试的题型听力的主要题型：听力的主要题型：1选择式听力题选择式听力题2复述式听力题复述式听力题3论述式听力题论述式听力题4判断式听力题判断式听力题5问答式听力题问答式听力题 例二中的有些关键词可以帮助我们找到问题的答案，比如：food，restaurant,enjoy等。在例三中也是同样道理：通过对关键词的判断，我们可以比较容易地辨别出说话者的身份或说话者所在的语境。此外，说话者的语气也往往是我们作出正确判断的根据。明确了考题出现的形式可以使我们做到有的放矢，找到解题的方法。听力试题主要

5、有以下四类考点：1考查对特殊信息的理解 2考查对特殊细节的理解 3考查对主旨和大意的理解 4考查对说话者的思想倾向和感情等隐含内容的理解四、听力试题的考点按NMET听力理解命题的原则和要求，考题可以考查谈话本身的内容，也可以问及谈话能力推断的情况以及谈话的情景和语境。以下举例说明。1.问谈话本身的考题例一(录音)M：Could you tell me where the cinema is?w：SureIts not farJust beside the Kings restaurant over there.(问题)Where is the cinema?AFar away from the

6、 place.BNear the Kings restaurant.CClose to the bus stop.答案是B。上面的例子表明，考查谈话本身的内容，既可以考查对话(或讲话)的某一细节，也可以考查对谈话中心的理解。例一：2考查从谈话中推断情况的考题考查从谈话中推断情况的考题(录音录音)w：How do you think of the food in our retaurant?M：Oh，wonderful.Its quite a long time since I enjoyed myself so much.W：Im very happy that you enjoyed it.

7、(问题问题)What is the relation between the two speakers?ADoctor and patient Bteacher and student Cwaitress and customer 答案是答案是C(语气判断人物角色关系语气判断人物角色关系)。例二：例二：(录音)W：I dont feel well.M;Whats the trouble?W:Ive got a pain in my stomach and a terrible headache.M:Any enough?W:No.M:Now,let me take your temperatu

8、re.(问题)1.Where probably are the two speakers?A.In a classroom.B.In a waiting room.C.At the doctors 答案是C（根据对话内容判定语境）。(问题)2.Which part(s)of the body does the woman feel painful?AStomach and head BStomach and leg.CArm and leg 答案是A（信息直接判定）。例三：1When did Tom leave the park?(时间点)How long had the man been i

9、n Australia?(时间段)How ofen does Sue go co che cinema?(频 率)Where do they want to go next week?(地 点)where did the conversation take place?(场 所)Who lost the recorder?(人 物)What might be the relationship between them.(人物关系)Why did the boy not want to eat anything?(原 因)How will the man go there?(方式手段)Whose

10、 is this shirt?(所 属)How many students have passed the test?(数 量)How much did the man pay for his car?(价 格)Which story-book is more interesting?(比 较)Which room is the best one?(筛 选)What so we learn from the conversation?(推 测)2 要求考生能听懂录音中的某个特殊细节。比要求考生能听懂录音中的某个特殊细节。比如：发生了什么事如：发生了什么事?如何发生的如何发生的?发生了什么变化发

11、生了什么变化?怎么变化的怎么变化的?这类问题的选项往往不是单词，而是这类问题的选项往往不是单词，而是句子，需要考生对由句子构成的选项作出判断。句子，需要考生对由句子构成的选项作出判断。例如：例如：Is Mr zhang in the classroom now?What does the woman want her to boy to do?How will Jack solve this problem?What can we learn from the speakers?3 要求考生听懂录音的主要内容或主旨大要求考生听懂录音的主要内容或主旨大意。比如：录音谈的是哪方面的事意。比如：录音

12、谈的是哪方面的事?大概情大概情况是什么况是什么?这类听力试题不要求考生精确理这类听力试题不要求考生精确理解具体细节，而是要求考生对听到的内容有解具体细节，而是要求考生对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会。例如：一个整体的把握和全面的领会。例如：What are the two speakers talking about?4 要求考生能体会出说话者的思想感情，要求考生能体会出说话者的思想感情，并据此进行推理或判断。例如：并据此进行推理或判断。例如：Does Rose agree with the man?What does the girl think about the teacher?

13、What does the woman mean?1带着问题去听。带着问题去听。2.注意暗示重点的信号词（亦称承接词）。注意暗示重点的信号词（亦称承接词）。3做好笔记做好笔记,提高记忆效果。提高记忆效果。4按部就班，控制好答题节奏。按部就班，控制好答题节奏。五、试卷分析及答题技巧五、试卷分析及答题技巧在做听力题时，应试者应在听到每题的录音之前，快速浏览题目，确定听音的重点，抓住问题的中心，在听的时候做到有的放矢。例如Woman:I like these glasses,but they look like they would be quite expensive.Man:There are$

14、15 a piece,or$180 a dozen.Question:How much does one glass cost?Written:A.$180 B:$150 C:$50 D:$15如and,so,but,as a result,however,or,othervise,while,since,finally,next,in conclusion等。这些信号词表示说话人的思路、时间和空间、举例和例证、对照和比较、引申和分析、推论和总结等逻辑关系。特别要记下对话和短文中的地址、年月日、年龄、价格、数字等。可以容记词首字母或打一个记号的方式来记，也可按照时间顺序、意思的主次、选文的篇章

15、结构来加强记忆材料的内容。既要保证完成答案，又要留出一点间浏既要保证完成答案，又要留出一点间浏览一下下一道题的问题。如果考生某一题没览一下下一道题的问题。如果考生某一题没听清楚，一下子确定不了答案，应该马上放听清楚，一下子确定不了答案，应该马上放弃上一题，集中精力应对下一题。这需要加弃上一题，集中精力应对下一题。这需要加强考前训练，逐步控制好答题时间强考前训练，逐步控制好答题时间一）以精听为主，加强准确性训练一）以精听为主，加强准确性训练二）适当加强课后泛听训练二）适当加强课后泛听训练1注重材料的真实性、时代性、趣味性注重材料的真实性、时代性、趣味性2注重听力材料与教材的衔接与呼应，避免偏颇性

16、。注重听力材料与教材的衔接与呼应，避免偏颇性。3分析听力测试难度的五大因素，适当提高泛听材分析听力测试难度的五大因素，适当提高泛听材料的难度料的难度 决定听力测试难度的五大因素为：语速、播放次决定听力测试难度的五大因素为：语速、播放次数、长度、录音内容的难度和题量。数、长度、录音内容的难度和题量。4.视听与泛听训练想结合。视听与泛听训练想结合。六、听力训练策略 1题目的重心应是考查考生理解和捕捉信息的能力，而不 是语法或词汇的掌握情况。2避免出现考生在末听懂录音内容的情况下，根据自然规律、科学知识、生活常识或人之常情就能正确作答的题目。3.考查点应具有多样性和全面性。4问题涉及的内容在听力录音

17、里的分布应均匀。5各个题目之间要彼此独立，互不相关，互不提示。6要避免命制过分依靠其它学科的知识或技能才能正确作答的 题目。7题干和选项应尽可能简短。8题干宜采用提问的形式而不应采用填空的形式。9各个选项间应具有相似性。10每个干扰项都应有迷惑性和非正确性。11正确项应具有正确性和唯一性。七、听力试题的命制 听力试题的命制包括两个步骤：一是听力录音材料的选定；二是问题和选项的编制。目前，英语教师面临的重要课题是如何专门备好一堂听力课，以加大对学生听力训练的力度，从而进一步达到大纲对学生学习英语的教学和考试的基本要求。教师要按大纲的各项基本要求结合具体内容和教学对象的实际，不断钻研，改革和创新教

18、学方法，更好地提高听力课质量。备课充分则事半功倍，学生变厌听为乐听；反之，教学将变为“听音+对答案”的乏味过程。一）备学生二）备教材 三）备方法 四）备设备八、听力课的备课及探讨八、听力课的备课及探讨备教材 1教材的每一单元都有其主题，练习也分别有重单一技能和综合技能的训练。单一技能包含在数字、基本句型，选择录音中所谈论的subjects等。语篇水平上的综合技能训练包括听关键词，听要点，求主题，作判断，进行推理，做笔记等。2对录音资料中语调、重音、哭声、咳嗽以及背景噪音等要仔细倾听，领会暗示，启发学生作出正确判断。3教师对本校本班学生的听力状况要有准确的估量。如果统编教材本单元的听力材料语速太

19、快，难度较大，绝大多数学生听起吃力，不妨使用其他更适合的同步材料。4.除听力课外，教师在平时的英语课堂上也要尽可能地进行听力口语训练，如：听课文录音，听写句子和短文等。一）总论一）总论二）语音辨别测试二）语音辨别测试 类型类型1（a）（b）类型类型2 类型类型3（a）（b）（c）三）重读和语调测试三）重读和语调测试 类型类型1 类型类型2四）说明和对话理解测试四）说明和对话理解测试 类型类型1 类型类型2五）通过看图测试听力理解水平五）通过看图测试听力理解水平 类型类型1 类型类型2 类型类型3 类型类型4 类型类型5 类型类型6 类型类型7 类型类型8 类型类型9六）谈论和讲演听力理解六）谈

20、论和讲演听力理解 类型类型1 类型类型2 类型类型3 类型类型4注释和参考注释和参考九、九、English 测试中有关听力测试的内容测试中有关听力测试的内容语音语音T1a看图听四个单词，写出所给图形名称的选项看图听四个单词，写出所给图形名称的选项。录音：1.A.pin B.pen C.pair D.pain 2.A.shark B.sock C.sack D.shock 3.A.thin B.tin C.fin D.din1._ 2._ 3._ABC语音语音T1b 给出四图给出四图A、B、C、D，听一个单词，说明是哪个图形听一个单词，说明是哪个图形1._2._1.pain pain 2.soc

21、k-sockDB语音语音T2考生听到三句话，要求说明哪些句子是相同、哪些考生听到三句话，要求说明哪些句子是相同、哪些句子是相异的句子是相异的.1.A.There is a bend in the middle of the road.B.There is a bend in the middle of the road.C.There is a band in the middle of the road.2.A.Is that sheet over there clean?B.Is that seat over there clean?C.Is that seat over there cl

22、ean?3.A.Ive just locked the car in the garage.B.Ive just knocked the car in the garage.C.Ive just locked the car in the garage.语音语音T3a 在答卷上提供的在答卷上提供的A、B、C、D四个单词中，考生四个单词中，考生标出哪个是磁带上读出的。标出哪个是磁带上读出的。1.A.ten B.den C.Ben D.pen 1.录音录音:denB1._2.A.when B.one C.wane D.win2.录音：录音：win2._D语音语音T3b 在答卷上或录音中提供的在答卷

23、上或录音中提供的A、B、C、D四个单词中，四个单词中，考生标出所听到的句子中出现的单词。考生标出所听到的句子中出现的单词。1.A.thread B.read C.threat D.dread 1._2.A.drain B.chain C.plane D.train 2._3.A.pan B.pen C.pin D.pain 3._1.Ill thread it for you.2.Did John manage to catch the train?3.Put the pan in some hot water.ADA语音语音T3c在答卷上提供的在答卷上提供的A、B、C、D四个单词的解释、四个

24、单词的解释、定义中，考生标出所听单词的注释选项。定义中，考生标出所听单词的注释选项。1.A.made something throw the air B.not false C.some but not many D.made a picture or diagram on paper1.录音：录音：threw threw重读和语调测试重读和语调测试T1 在答卷上提供的一句话的下面的括号中，在答卷上提供的一句话的下面的括号中，根据录音中所读语音和语调标出重读的单词。根据录音中所读语音和语调标出重读的单词。重读和语调测试重读和语调测试T2在答卷上提供的一句话的下面，有在答卷上提供的一句话的下面，

25、有A、B、C三个不同的语气选项，根据录音中的语调或三个不同的语气选项，根据录音中的语调或语气，作出选择。语气，作出选择。Spoken:You will send a couple of tickets.Written:You will send a couple of tickets.A.a requestB.a commandC.an expression of disbelief说明和对话理解测试说明和对话理解测试T1 在答卷上提供的在答卷上提供的A、B、C、D四个不同的解释、四个不同的解释、说明、信息理解中，根据录音提供的句子，作出选择。说明、信息理解中，根据录音提供的句子，作出选择。S

26、poken:It took Alan a long time to find he couldnt mend the bike.A.After a long time,Alan realized he was unable to mend my bike.B.Alan spend a long time mending my bike but he was at last successful.C.Alan was a long time before he found my bike.D.In spite of searching for a long time,Alan couldnt f

27、ind my bike and,therefore,couldnt mend it.说明和对话理解测试说明和对话理解测试T2在答卷上提供的在答卷上提供的A、B、C、D四个不同的应答中，根据四个不同的应答中，根据录音提供的问句录音提供的问句(含有含有yes-no question或者或者Wh-question)，选出合适的应答选项。选出合适的应答选项。Spoken:Does Alison mind you playing the piano?Written:A.Yes,she is always thinking about it.B.No,she rather likes it.C.No.sh

28、e doesnt play the piano.D.Yes,she must be careful.看图测试听力看图测试听力T1T1判定正误判定正误判定正误：根据提供的图形，在所听句子的序号后判定其正误判定正误：根据提供的图形，在所听句子的序号后判定其正误1.The lorrys on the left of the motor bike.2.A little girl running after her mother.3.Her mother is carrying a bag.4.There are a lot of cars in the street.1._ 2._3._ 4._看图测

29、试听力看图测试听力T2T2看图选择看图选择看图选择；在所给出的看图选择；在所给出的A、B、C、D、E五个图画中，考生根五个图画中，考生根据录音的要求选出符合句子表述的图画序号。据录音的要求选出符合句子表述的图画序号。1._2._1.Both doors are open.2.Its daylight but the headlights are on.BCDE (Only A shows one door open)BDE (Only C shows the headlamps off)看图测试听力看图测试听力T3T3组图选择组图选择组图选择：在答卷给出的四组组图中，选出和录音中句子相互符合的

30、选项。1.The cars going to crash the tree.2.Danny cant run as fast as Claire.3.Tom wishes his sister could play tennis with him.4.The switch is so high that Katie cant reach it.看图测试听力看图测试听力T4T4听音选图听音选图看图选择：考生将听到关于每个图形的描述，标出每个看图选择：考生将听到关于每个图形的描述，标出每个描述对应的图形序号。描述对应的图形序号。A1.A:Look!Whats that inside the squ

31、are?B:Its a white circle.2.It the thick line had been only a millimeter longer,it would have been the longest of the three lines看图测试听力看图测试听力T5T5地图方位地图方位地图方位：在考卷上提供一幅街道地图，地图方位：在考卷上提供一幅街道地图，要求考生根据录音要求考生根据录音中说明或对话内容，写出建筑物的名称。（）要求考生根据中说明或对话内容，写出建筑物的名称。（）要求考生根据对话内容，在地图上标出某个事件发生的地点。对话内容，在地图上标出某个事件发生的地点。Sp

32、oken:You come out of school into Central Road and walk in the direction of Green Lane.However,you take the left turning just before you reach the Green Lane.At the end of the street you turn right and continue until you come to the second turning right.You cross this road and you will see on your ri

33、ght (Which building will you see?)看图测试听力看图测试听力T6T6画图计算画图计算 画图计算：根据录音中提供的要求画出一幅图画或图形，画图计算：根据录音中提供的要求画出一幅图画或图形，然后作相应的计算。然后作相应的计算。1.Draw a straight line AB three centimeters long.2.Continue the line AB to point C so that AC is twice as long as AB4.Measure an angle 45 to be called DAC3.Draw a perpendicu

34、lar(直角直角)from point B.5.Now draw the line AD until it meets the perpendicular at point D.Question1:How long is AD?6.Now join DCQuestion2:What does angle ADC measures?看图测试听力看图测试听力T7T7补全图画补全图画在考卷所给的残缺图画上，根据录音要求，画出一些简单的图画在考卷所给的残缺图画上，根据录音要求，画出一些简单的图画Look at the drawing and listen to the sentences.You wi

35、ll see Mr Peanut sitting at a table.Do what I tell you and complete the picture.It doesnt matter if you cant draw very well.Are you ready?Now begin.1.Mrs Peanut is sitting on a chair opposite Mr Peanut.PUT HER IN2.The door is behind Mr Peanuts back.PUT IT IN3.Mr Peanut can see Mrs Peanut but he cant

36、 see Charlie because Charlies standing behind him.PUT HIM IN看图测试听力看图测试听力T8T8图形信息识别与分类图形信息识别与分类观察答卷上的图形，根据录音识别图形的信息和类别。In this part you will hear a talk about drawings made by chimpanzees development and children.You will hear inform-ation twice.Then you shouldIdentify the nine sentences,from A to K

37、below,which are about the development of a child.Number them in the order they occur.write the numbers 1-9 in the boxes.A.shapes inside circles B.single lines C.human figures D.single shapes E.overlapping shapes F.regular patterns G.unconnected lines H.everyday objects I.rows of shapes J.Masses conn

38、ected lines K.human faces 看图测试听力看图测试听力T9T9手工制作手工制作 根据录音要求，进行一些简单的手工制作和限定绘画。根据录音要求，进行一些简单的手工制作和限定绘画。以测试考生的理解行为步骤说明的能力。以测试考生的理解行为步骤说明的能力。(Spoken)Print your name in the top left-hand corner of your paper:draw a one-inch line six inches under it.Draw a small circle on the line and on the right of it dra

39、w a square roughly the same size as the circle.Now take the top right-hand corner and the bottom left-hand corner and fold your paper so that the drawing appears on the outside.谈论和讲演听力理解谈论和讲演听力理解T1在答卷所给在答卷所给的、的、四个、四个表述中，根表述中，根据录音内容据录音内容，标出正确，标出正确的选项的选项Written:Only one of the following statements abo

40、ut the talk you have just heard is correct.Put a circle round the letter next to the correct statement.A.Modern technology is now making towns in developing countries free of loud noise.B.The increase in noise is a problem which cannot yet be solved by modern technology.C.Gradual noise over a long p

41、eriod may have just as harmful an effect as loud or sudden noise.D.There is no real solution to the problem of increasing noise in modern life.Spoken:Theres a marked tendency for most developed countries togrow steadily noisier each year.This continually incraasing amount ofnoise is uncomfonable and

42、,what is more imponant,can aneH ourhealth.The noiae of machines,heavy tranic and aeroplanes constitutesperhaps the most serious threat to public health.Such noise canintefere with our ability to eonverse,it can disturb our sleep,and it canquickly make us become neNous wrecks.A loud blast or an explo

43、sionmay even cause damage to our hearing.But theres another danger-lust as great.This is the 9radual damage which may be caused if werecontinually exposed to noise over several years.Such exposure to noistcan undarmine our health-as well as our performance and effieiency.Fortunately,technology is pr

44、ogressing at a very rapid rate.Somemanufacturers are now designing new silencing mechanisms in theirproducts,and planning expens are even beginning to plan citiesaccording to sound zones.t1谈论和讲演听力理解T2考生根据所听文章，写出答卷上该文综括段落中可以替换序号的单词。Written:The following passage is a written summary of the short talky

45、ou have just heard.Give the correct word which can be used in place ofeach number.In future(1)will do many jobs,particularly those which are(2)bynature.It is generally doubted if they could do(3)work and in the homethey would probably not do things like(4).Robots will do nothing more(5)than they hav

46、e been(6)to do by human beings.A robot would be akind of(7),freeing human beings so that they could do whatever theywanted.Although robots would be used in factories,human beingswould probably(8)the machinery.On farms,robots would probablydrive(9).The robots would look(10)human beings because they w

47、ouldbe(11)in design.It would even be possible for a robot to have an eye inits hand or a(12)in one of its feet.Spoken:Would you like a robot in your house?Its now generallyaccepted that in tha future robots will take over many of our task,.especially jobs of a repetitive nature.But its highly doubtf

48、ul if robotswill ever be able to do any of the more creative types of work-orindeed if people would want them to.In the home,robots wouldprobably be used to do the cleaning,table-laying,scrubbing andwashing-up,but its considered unlikely so far that theyII be used to dothe cooking-at least.not in th

49、e near future.According to engineer,robots will do nothing more original or sophisticated than they havebeen programmed to do by human bein9s.And so robots in the homemight not be creative enough to do the cooking,plan the meals,and soon.They would be used as slaves,thereby freeing people to do more

50、 ofthe things they wanted.In factories,mobile robots would carry out all the distribution andassembly tasks while human beings carried out research and drew upplans for new products.Human beings would still be responsible for diagnosing faults and for repairing and maintaining machinery.On thefarm,r