外语教育改革的理论与实践.ppt

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1、外语教育改革的理论外语教育改革的理论与实践与实践主要内容1外语教育改革的趋势与原则外语教育改革的趋势与原则2现代外语教学的目标及教学重心的转移现代外语教学的目标及教学重心的转移3现代外语教学现代外语教学“十要十不十要十不”4英语语言的功能及其教学目标与方法英语语言的功能及其教学目标与方法5现代外语教师的角色与作用现代外语教师的角色与作用6现代外语学生的角色与行为现代外语学生的角色与行为2主要内容（续）主要内容（续）7影响外语教学质量的相关因素影响外语教学质量的相关因素8现代外语教材的特征及其应用现代外语教材的特征及其应用9现代外语教学活动的类型现代外语教学活动的类型10指导外语教学的相关学科理

2、论指导外语教学的相关学科理论11外语教学研究的对象外语教学研究的对象3主要内容（续）主要内容（续）12以人为本的外语教学本质与特征以人为本的外语教学本质与特征13中中国国与与西西方方/传传统统与与现现代代外外语语教教学学文文化对比分析化对比分析14中国外语教学改革中的困惑与出路中国外语教学改革中的困惑与出路15外语教学设计与创作外语教学设计与创作16外语教学评价与管理外语教学评价与管理17外语教学研究课题与方法外语教学研究课题与方法18外语教师发展方向与方法外语教师发展方向与方法4外语教育外语教育“三新三新”：新概念、新趋势、新方法新概念、新趋势、新方法（外语教育改革与教师发展的方向（外语教育

3、改革与教师发展的方向1-10归纳）归纳）1Corestudents2Ss(areas)schoolandsociety3Ls(targets)language,learning,learner43As(objectives)ambition,action,ability4-ments(learning)encouragement,engagement,involvementandenjoyment54learnto：toknow,todo,tosurviveandtobe55-ings(teaching)6stimulating&motivating(forthinking,ambition)

4、,activating&facilitating(forlearning,action)7enabling(forusing,ability)6Disciplines(research&development)7education(teachingscience),psychology(learningscience),linguistics(languagescience),system(processscience),management(organizationscience),communication(interactionscience)7Contents8forms,notion

5、s,functions,styles,varieties,situations,cultures68inputs/prompts/stimulus/starters9text,dialogue,diagram(table,chart),illustration(picture,photo),media(video,movie,radio,internet,CDRom,newspaper,magazine,cassette),card,object,bodymovement9Kindsofactivities10information-gapactivities,opinion-gapactiv

6、ities,interpretation-gapactivities,skill-gettingactivities,skill-usingactivities,pedagogicactivities,real-worldactivities,pre-/while/post-teachingactivities,pppmodal(prepare,presentandpractice)710Shifts(focuses)11fromto12Learnaboutlearnandacquire13Learnusagelearnuse,learnbyusing14Useaccuratelyuseapp

7、ropriately15Speakfluentlycommunicatefluently16Knowcan17Instructguide18Analyzeapply19Deductioninduction20ProductprocessTraditionalmodern8教学目标/重心的转移讲语法重输入重教重知识重分析课文为本成果取向完成教的目标交换信息看分数水平交流思想和感情看能力高低完成学的目标过程取向任务为本学用法学交际学听说读写重运用重技能重输出重学讲语用学运用/在用中学在交际中学在听说读写中学9DosandDontsinModernELT十要十不不仅学形式，更要学功能不仅学形式，更要

8、学功能不仅求不仅求“懂懂”，更要求，更要求“会会”、求、求“能能”不仅不仅“知知”，更要，更要“行行”是培养是培养“做事做事”的本领，不是的本领，不是“做题做题”的本事的本事要学要学“用法用法”，更要学，更要学“应用应用”要要“运运动动”：动动脑脑、动动口口、动动手手、动动心心；视视觉觉、听听觉、感觉、知觉；不要读死书觉、感觉、知觉；不要读死书不是学听说读写，而是在听说读写中学不是学听说读写，而是在听说读写中学不是学交际，而是在交际中学不是学交际，而是在交际中学不是教会，而是学会不是教会，而是学会教材要authentic教法要eclectic测试要realistic10EnglishCode

9、systemvarietiestoolbehaviorskillLearning purposesmeansCulture&culturesWhatislanguage?11English as a languageCommon/popular languageInternational languageNative languageFirst languageSecond languageMother tongueForeign languageOfficial languageComputer languageWidely-used languageInfluential language

10、Cosmopolitan languageUniversal/global languageBusiness languageScientific language12English as a toolcommunicationBridge gapsinternetE-mail13English as skillListening skillSpeaking skillReading skillWriting skillTranslating skillServing skill14English as meansConvey thoughtsExpress feelingFind good

11、jobsStudy abroadSurvive in the“global village”Compete with rival15English as Culture&culturesliteraturehistoryreligionbeliefsattitudesvaluesconceptscourtesymannerscustoms16English as behavioreducationcultivationimagemannersprofit17Varieties of EnglishStandard/RP/BBC/Oxford/Royal EnglishAmerican Engl

12、ishBritish/Scottish/Irish/Australian/Canadian EnglishformalslangwrittenFour-letter wordtaboojargonIndian Englishinformalspokeneuphemism18Learning PurposesEGPESPEEPEAPEBPEOPESTEMPEP19TARGETAREASOFENGLISHLESSONSlinguistic&culturalknowledgelanguageskillslearningmethodssocialstrategies&workingabilities教

13、学内容重点教学内容重点20linguistic&culturalknowledgepronunciationgrammarstylisticswordbuildingcultureknow21canlanguageskillslisteningspeakingreadingwritingtranslating22canlearningmethodsfindinginformationusingdictionaryprocessingdeductioninductiondealingwithgapslearningbyusing23cansocialstrategies&workingabili

14、tiesnegotiatingpersuadingarguingdefendingcooperatingdealingwithrelationshipsolvingproblems24 astreetlamp:acomputer:anactor:asourceoffragrantflower:amagician:afilmdirector:atouristguide:aconductoroforchestra:aprogramhost:ALanguageteacherfunctionslike25afriend:amother:asportscoach:atrademan,agardener,

15、anengineer,atrafficpoliceman,aclassroommanagerabusdriver,aroadsign,akey,areferencebookadictionary,awalkingstick,etc.Alanguageteacherisalsolike26CETEATHERSROLESAUTHORITATIVEDOMINATINGINTERACTIVECOOPERATIVECETEATHERSROLESlecturerpresentercommunicatorparticipantfriend“processor”partnerfacilitatormanage

16、rconsultantdirectorcounselorinstructor教师角色教师角色27EnglishlearnersCommunicatorParticipant“fisherman”“athlete”“practitioner”“humanresources”Audience“receptacle”Onlooker“scholar”ActivelearningPassivelearningTeachercentredSpoonfeedingLearnercentredAutonomous/cooperative/interactivelearning28labee,atourist

17、.apiano,anactor/gameplayer,ayoungtree,aflowerbud,aseed,apassengerlasportsman,acontainer,amachine,anotebooklashoppingcustomer,amanaskingthewaylalinguisticscholar,anapprenticelahunter,amountainclimberlalumpofclay,etc.ALanguagelearnerislike29T-InvolvingQuestions&ActivitiesWhat kinds of academic works d

18、o you prefertostudyforyourprofessionalpurposes？Linguistics,appliedlinguistics,ELT/TEFLmethodology，educationorpsychology?Why?WhatdoyoutargetatwhenyoudoresearchonELT/TEFL?Why？Whatcategoriesoflanguageteachingapproaches/methodsdoyouprefer?Why?123304HowdoyouunderstandateachersrolesinTEFLclassroom?5Howdoy

19、oudescribeanidealEFLteacherandanunsuccessfuloneaccordingtoyourphilosophy?6WhatarethefactorsthataffecttheEnglishteachingandlearningoutcome?7Whatdoespassiveandactivelearningmeantoyou?T-InvolvingQuestions&Activities(cont.)31T-InvolvingQuestions&Activities(cont.)8Whatsthedifferencebetweenasubjectinstruc

20、torandalanguageteacher?9Whatsthedifferencebetweenalanguagelearnerandalinguisticscholar?10Doyoubelievethatnomatterwhatmethodsateacheremploys,thereshouldbesomeeffectuponlearners?Whyorwhynot?32语言应用学语言应用学英语课程英语课程英语教育学教育学教系统论系统论输入输出心理学心理学学外语教育研究的相关学科外语教育研究的相关学科语言应用学语言应用学管理学交际学社会学人类学33教育学传统理论经验理论学科结构理论行为理

21、论认知理论34心理学学习心理学感知心理学认知心理学动机心理学发展心理学社会心理学测量心理学教育心理学组织心理学职业心理学35学生learner学习learning语言language外语教育研究对象教学重心的转移36语言符号技能行为工具媒介37学习认识记忆思维感知刺激反应分析归纳总结推理38学生learner动机目的期望态度习惯基础要求标准条件环境阶段层次能力：寻求信息传递信息交流思想解决问题处理矛盾（如：谈判、说服、辩论等）自我发展可持续发展39教师学生课程教法教材条件环境测试教学质量教学质量影响影响教学质量的相关因素教学质量的相关因素市场顾客厂家商品营销IDA40 学生学生动机需求目的期望

22、态度基础要求标准条件年龄习惯环境困难文化背景返回41教师语言知识教育背景语言技能专业水平语言基础教育能力语言研究教育态度语言比较科研能力语言与人交际能力语言与思维组织能力语言与社会人生经历/社会经历语言与文化解决问题的能力工具性文化素养人文性教育性返回42课程教学大纲性质课程提纲目的教案对象试题条件环境设计评估43教法灌输式启发式互动式协助式合作式交际式输出为主交际法过程法语法翻译法功能法情景法以难题为主以任务为主以教材为主输入为主学为主教为主学生为中心教师为主导结构法为你大开方便之门44图3外语教学法归纳传统法交际法过程法语法路径句型为本情景路径功能为本交际路径任务为本灌输式互动式合作式45

23、intakeinputoutputnotice外趋内驱Lack,need,want,must46对象目的需求学时教师用书观念学生用书音像磁带课本多媒体课本投影胶片原则路径方法模式/形式体系/体例取材功能文化注释练习示范科学性实用性可思性水平重温/重复性规范性趣味性时代感真实性装帧实物图片语言47教学条件教学条件课室设备辅助读物课时课外时间教学班规模48 语言环境学习环境学校环境课堂环境社会环境教学环境教学环境49分级试课程试水平试能力试期中试期末试主观题客观题考应用考用法改错题问答题选择题填空题正误辨别题测试口试笔试小测验50Knowing人beingdoing51Knowing(Knowle

24、dge)LinguisticKnowledge:1Phonetics:Pronunciation,intonation,stress,etc.2Grammar:tenses,voices,moods,structures,etc.3Lexis:partsofspeech,wordbuilding,etc.4Stylistics:narration,description,exposition,argumentation,etc.5Mode/range/varieties:standard,formal,informal,modified,colloquial,slang,specialterm

25、,etc.52Knowledge(cont.)CulturalknowledgeCommunicativeknowledgeCross-culturalcommunicationknowledgeSocialknowledge/work-placeknowledgeLiberalknowledgeGlobalknowledge53Doing(Ability)Languageskill:listening,speaking,reading,writing,translating,etc.Communicativecompetence:transactional,interactional,soc

26、ial,cultural,strategic,etc.Socialandworkingabilities:introduction,explanation,comparison,negotiation,persuasion,argumentation,defense,evaluation,instruction,definition,summarizing,conclusion,appreciation,apology,agreement,disagreement,request,inquiry,etc.Self-developingabilities:usingdictionary,proc

27、essingknowledgeandinformation,deduction,induction,summary,conclusion,analysis,etc.CreativeabilitiesAbilitiesindealingwithproblems54Being(HumanQuality)Broadsense:Thinkingbeing,emotionalbeing,socialbeing,culturalbeing,creativebeing,productivebeing,beinginthesociety,beingintheglobalworld,etc.Personalit

28、y/character-related:Integrated,conscientious,responsible,broad-minded,strong-willed,determined,independent,efficient,creative,productive,etc.Communication-related:Cooperative,team-spirited,communicative,initiative,tactful,diplomatic,etc.55以人为本的外语教学TherelationshipbetweenTeacherandstudents:partners,fr

29、iends,communicators,participants,teammembers,etc.Teacherandcoursebooks:Human and materials,master and servant,teacheruses course book,not vice versa,teach peopleinsteadofcoursebook56Principles of foreign language teaching and learning A-ZAacquire,associate,appropriate,ambition,action,abilities,argue

30、,apply,askBbeliefs,brainstorming,behaviorCcommunication,challenge,courage,connect,chances,change,critical,creative,can,compete,contest,cooperative,contexts,complain,conversation,compliment,conclude,comment,compare,comprehend,coherentDdesire,determined,delight,direction,discover,define,describe,debat

31、e,defend,dialogue,discuss,deductionEenjoy,engage,encourage,eyes,efficient,effective,exposure,examination,evaluation,enlighten,emotion,extensive,enthusiasmFfocus,forgetaboutyourface,friends,file,feedback,find,fun,frame,57Ggoals,guidance,global,game,guess,groupworkHholistic,hope,help,hard,hand,happy,h

32、intIinterest,involve,inductive,integrated,ice-breaking,inter-personal,interpret,induce,imagine,input,immerse,intelligence,intensive,informationJjoke,joy,justification,job,joinin,Kkinetic,know,keen,keeplearningLlisten,learn,like,link,long-termedtarget,lack,local,logicMmouth,mind,methods,must,meaning,

33、messageNnotice,new,needs,negotiate,Oobjectives,opportunities,open,output58Ppurpose,proper,problem-solving,people,personal,passion,prompts,pragmatic,persuade,practice,participation,presentation,preparation,preview,patternQquality,qualification,questioning,Rrealworld,reading,recite,review,reflect,reca

34、ll,realize,resources,research,revise,repeat,rehearse,recognize.Remind,Sstimulate,skills,socialstrategies,short-termedtarget,sources,situations,succeed,sensitive,speech,summarize,structure,sensible,surprise,starter,simulate,Tthink,tool,time,teacher,tutor,translate,tip,teamwork,task,talk,tell,topic,th

35、emeUusage,use,updated,59Vvisual,voice,volunteer,Wwarmingup,winning,want,write,will,willing,world,wonderXexercise,excited,experience,expertise,examination,express,explainYyoung,yourself,Zzoominandout,zeal60人天（GQ基因/灵性商数）PerspectivesofaHolisticPerson全人教育观念(天人物我四大平衡)(IQ智力商数)我(EQ情感商数)人(KQ学识商数)物宇宙科技人本社会超自然力人际伦理面对自我环境伦理61后续后续：另外文件另外文件13中中国国与与西西方方/传传统统与与现现代代外外语语教教学学文文化对比分析化对比分析14中国外语教学改革中的困惑与出路中国外语教学改革中的困惑与出路15外语教学设计与创作外语教学设计与创作16外语教学评价与管理外语教学评价与管理17外语教学研究课题与方法外语教学研究课题与方法18外语教师发展方向与方法外语教师发展方向与方法62