高三英语一轮复习动词的时态讲义.docx

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1、动词的时态一、 一般体1. 一般现在时：现在的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。例句：We have meals three times a day. （现在的习惯）He is always ready to help others. （现在的状态）此外还有以下用法：用法例句表示客观真理、科学事实以及自然现象The sun rises in the east.用于以here、there 开头的倒装句中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态There goes the bell.Here comes the bus.2. 一般过去时：过去的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，其规则

2、动词变化方法如下：情况规则例词一般情况直接加-edpack - packed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i再加edcarry carriedbury - buried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写辅音字母再加edplan - planned以不发音的e结尾的动词直接加dlike likedprovide - provided注意：was 用于第一、三人称单数，were 用于其他人称；以元音字母加y 结尾的动词，直接加-ed, 如play played.一般过去时的其他用法：用法例句think, intend等动词的一般过去时往往表示“过去”之意I thought he was an

3、honest man.He didnt intend to hurt you.wonder的一般过去时，有时候也可表示现在的行为，但语气要比用一般现在时更加委婉，客气I wondered if you could do me a favor.used to + 动词原形，表示过去的习惯性动作，而现在已经不再发生了We used to climb mountains in spring.3. 一般将来时：将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来时：从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。（1） will + 动词原形：表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势：Fish wil

4、l die without water.表示将来，有时含有偶然性、临时性决定的意思：-Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town?-No. I will go and visit him right now.（2） be going to + 动词原形be going to + 动词原形，多用于口语中，表示“计划、打算做某事”，此外，be going to 还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。例句：He is going to speak on TV this evening.Look at the dark clouds. It is going

5、to rain.（3） be about to + 动词原形/be on the point of + 动名词: 表示“立即的将来”，因此这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when(and that time)引出的分句连用。例句：The train is about to start.The plane is on the point of taking off.（4） 有些动词如come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。Im leaving for Beijing next mont

6、h.（5） 某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划安排将要做的事情，这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、作息安排表等内容。We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 oclock.（6） be to + 动词原形:表示按照计划或安排要做的事情；She is to get married next month.表示“应该”，相当于should, ought to。 如：You are to report it to the police.表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want。如，If we are to be there before

7、 ten, well have to go now.4. 过去将来时(1) 过去将来时的构成：should/would + 动词原形(2) 用法：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。He said he would be here at eight oclock.二、 进行体1. 现在进行时：am/is/are + 现在分词2. 过去进行时：was/were + 现在分词3. 将来进行时：will/shall + be + 现在分词现在分词的构成形式：情况规则例词一般情况加-ingtry-trying以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写辅音字母加ing双写辅音字母加ingregret-re

8、grettingban-banning以不发音的e结尾的动词去掉e,加inghate-hatingdate-dating4. 进行体的用法（1） 表示某一时刻或阶段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态，具有暂时性和未完成性的特点；I dont really work here; Im just helping out until the new secretary arrives. （暂时性）Im reading the book; I will finish it in a week. (未完成性)（2） 表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事，虽然当时动作不一定进行，常与these days, thi

9、s week 等时间状语连用；We are making model planes these days. （此时此刻不一定在做）（3） 有些动词不用于进行时态：感觉类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等，The soup tastes good.Your hands feel cold.情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adoreI love my dad and mom.心态类：wish, hope, want, need, believe, understand, agree, kn

10、ow, remember, forgetI dont believe my eyes.存在状态类：appear, lie(位于), remain, belong, have.Those books belong to Mr. Li.三、 完成体1. 现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词2. 过去完成时：had + 过去分词3. 将来完成时：will/shall have done4. 完成体的用法，（1） 现在完成时：表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也许还将持续下去）。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：lately, recently, in the last,

11、in the past few days/few years, since then, up to now, so far等In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.He has written eight books so far.表示发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响上。常用的状语有：already, just, yet, before.He has turned off the light.The concert has started.I

12、have already seen the film.在“形容词的最高级+名词”，或“it /this is + the first or second time”之后的定语从句中，谓语动词用现在完成时。This is the first time that I have come here .This is the best team that I have ever drunk .瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词/终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语；若要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词的否定式可以接表示一段时间的状语。He has lived i

13、n Beijing since last year .He has served in the army for three years .He joined the army three years ago .He has been a soldier for three years .It is three years since he joined the army .He has joined the army . （2） 过去完成时：如果一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生，也就是表示过去的过去，那么发生在前面的动词要用过去完成时。She had learned some E

14、nglish before she came to the institute .He said that he had been abroad for three years .表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：by/until/before/by the end of + “表示过去的某一时间”.By then he had learned English for three years .Until then he had known nothing about it yet .表示愿望，打算的词，比如，hope, expect, mean, in

15、tend, want ,suppose等，其过去完成时表示“过去未曾实现的愿望或意图”。I had hoped to see more of shanghai .（本希望）I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment .（本打算）I had thought you would come the next day .（原以为）用于某些固定句型中:句型说明Hardly/Scarcely/Barelywhen;No soonerthanwhen和than从句又用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示“刚刚就”It was/

16、had been + 一段时间 + since从句since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。That/It/This was the first/second/ time + that 从句That从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。It was 10 years since we had had such a wonderful time .It was the third time that he had made the same mistake .Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down .(3) 将来完成时：将

17、来完成时表示到将来某一时间某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为：by+ 将来的某个时间。By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students .四、 完成进行体1. 现在完成进行时：have/has been doing2. 现在完成进行时是现在完成时和现在进行时的组合，因此，它既具备现在完成时的特征，又具备现在进行时的特征，如，它具备进行体的未完性，暂时性感情色彩的特点。He has been learning English for six years. （从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学）I

18、t has been raining for three days. （强调说话者抱怨的感情色彩）易混淆时态的区别1. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别时态区别一般过去时表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其它时间没有牵连现在完成时说的是现在的情况例句：He served in the army from 2005 to 2010.He has served in the army for five years.He wrote many plays when he was at college.He has written many plays.I saw the Avengers la

19、st month.I have seen the Avengers before.2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的区别时态区别一般过去时指过去的动作或状况过去完成时指过去的一个动作或时间之前发生的事情；时间状语常用by或before引导的短语或句子表示，如by that time, by the end of , before 2010, by the time + 句子（一般过去时）例句：He had learned 3,000 English words before he came to this school.He had finished writing the book by the end of last month.3. 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别时态区别现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语）过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前就已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语）例句：She has been ill for a week.She had been ill for a week before she came back.学科网（北京）股份有限公司