考研英语二阅读理解真题.pdf

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1、2019考研英语二阅读理解真题今天小编为大家提供2019考研英语二阅读理解真题，考研英语阅读理解分为四部分，一起来看看吧！希望这些题目都难不倒你！2019考研英语二阅读理解真题textl TextlUnlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry”；

2、rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriendsandtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortableit'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacket

3、weightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary-feelingsthatmaybea

4、dvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeUPforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacoope

5、rativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperat

6、ionandsharingSomekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshorfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244childrenUsingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchil

7、d'soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharedthemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventh

8、oughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild'sdeprivation"That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays."Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret,英语二阅读题21.Researchersthinkthatguitcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp_A)fosterachildsmoraldevelopmentB)regulateachildsbasicemon

9、tionsimproveachildsintellectualabilityD)intensityachildspositivefeelings22.Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe_A)inexcusableB)deceptionC)addictiveD)burdensome23.VaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthatA)emotionsaircontext-independentB)anemotioncanplayopposingro

10、lesC)emotionaresociallyconstructiveD)emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth2019考研英语二阅读理解真题text2 Text2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatech

11、angewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytosequestercarbonnow.Californiaisleadingthewa

12、y,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest,includingbycontrolledburning.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,s

13、otheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffbarkbeetles.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesscombustible.Evenintheeventofafirefewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandbeetleshavekilledmoretha

14、n100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshavescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacres.Califomia'splanenvisionstreating35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030一financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcould

15、benefit,anestimatedhalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumber,burnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels,orusedincompostoranimalf

16、eed.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisunderway,andthestateplanstoencouragelumberproductionclosetoforestlands.Infuturethestateproposestotakeaninventoryofitsforests'carbon-storingcapacityeveryfiveyears.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,includingthoseownedbytheU.S.ForestService,

17、buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernorearlynextyear,shouldserveasamodel.26.“Oneoftheharderchallenges,impliesA.glo

18、balclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrolB.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreatC.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarmingD.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks",wemayneedtoA.preservediversityofspeciesB.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacityC.acceleratethegrowthofyo

19、ungtreesD.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorstoA.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires.B.cultivatemoredroughtresistanttrees.C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsD.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtopara.5?A.

20、ToobtainenoughfinancialsupportB.Tocarryitoutbefore2020C.TohandletheareasintheseriousdangerfirstD.Toperfecttheemission-permitauctions30.theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'splancanbebestdescribedasA.supportiveB.ambiguousC.tolerantD.cautious2019考研英语二阅读理解真题text3 Text3Americanfarmershavebeencomp

21、lainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.Givenamulti-yeardeclineinillegalimmigration,andasimilarlysustainedpickupintheU.S.jobmarket,thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Effortstocreateamorestraightforwardagricultural-workersvisathatwouldenableforeignworker

22、stostaylongerintheU.S.andchangejobswithintheindustryhavesofarfailedinCongress.Ifthisdoesn tchange,Americanbusinesses,communitiesandconsumerswillbethelosers.PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.AsfewersuchworkersentertheU.S.,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforcearechanging.To

23、day sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremorelikelytobesettled,ratherthanmigrating,andmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.Theyarealsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswereovertheageof35.Now,morethanhalfare.Andcroppickingishardonolderbodies.Oneoft-debatedcureforthis

24、laborshortageremainsasimplausibleasithasbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswon tbereturningtothefarm.Inastudypublishedin2013,economistMichaelClemensanalyzed15yearsofdataonNorthCarolina,sfarm-labormarketandconcluded,“Thereisvirtuallynosupplyofnativemanualfarmlaborers5 5inthestate.Thiswastrueeveninthedepth

25、sofasevererecession.Mechanizationisnottheanswereither-notyetatleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,rice,soybeansandwheathavebeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,whererobotscurrentlydoonlyasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforetheyareau

26、tomated.Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheagriculturalworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork

27、,whichislimitedto66,000annually.Evenso,employersfrequentlycomplainthattheyaren tallottedalltheworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensiveandunreliable.OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledH-2Aworkerstoarriveonthejobanaverageof22dayslate.Andtheshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,whic

28、hremovesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.Petitioningeachyearforlaborers一andhopingthegovernmentprovidesenough,andthattheyarriveontimeisnowaytorunabusiness.Ina2012surveybytheCaliforniaFarmBureau,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percentofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewester

29、ngrowershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.Withoutreliableaccesstoareliableworkforce,moregrowerswillbetemptedtomovesouth.AccordingtoareportbythePartnershipforaNewAmericanEconomy,Americansareconsumingmorefreshproduce,whichisgood.Butarisingshareofitisgrownelsewhere.In1998-2000,14.5percentofthefru

30、itAmericansconsumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreasedto25.8percent.RuralU.S.communitiesthatmighthavebenefiteddidn t.Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.TheU.S.needsasimpler,streamlined,multi-yearvisaforagriculturalworkers,accompaniedb

31、ymeasurestoguardagainstexploitationandaviablepathtoU.S.residencyforworkerswhomeettherequirements.Otherwisegrowerswillcontinuetostrugglewithshortagesanduncertainty,andthecountryasawholewillloseout.31.Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.discriminationagainstforeignworkersint

32、heU.S.B.biasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.C.flawsinUSimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.D.declineofjobopportunitiesinUSagriculture.32.OnetroublewithUS.Agricultureworkforceis_A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants.B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers.C.thelackofexperiencedlabors.D.theagingofimmigrantfarm

33、workers.33.Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinUSfarming?A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.B.TogetnativeUSworkersbacktofarming.c.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfamers.34.AgricultureemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisafori t s?A.slowgrantingprocedure

34、s.B.limitondurationofstay.c.tightenedrequirements.D.controlofannualadmissions.35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.USAgricultureinDecline.B.ImportFoodorLabor?C.AmericaSavedbyMexico?D.Manpowervs.Automation?2019考研英语二阅读理解真题text4 Text4ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveam

35、essageforyou:Iteasytobeatplastic.They repartofabunchofcelebritiesstaringinanewvideoforWorldEnvironmentDay-encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-usePlasticstaplestocombattheplasticcrisis.IfonlyV drealizedthatwecanbuyourwayoutoftheproblemexceptwecan t.ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforW

36、orldEnvironmentDaydoincludeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-usplastics.Buttheoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals:Leadwithyourwallets.Theproblemofperpetuatingthisindividualisticnarrativeisthatit'snotgoingtogetusveryfarandtheplasticscrisiswefaceisimmense.Ouroceansareblighted

37、bythestuff.It'sinourdrinkingwater(includingbottledwater),andwecouldevenbebreathingitin.I'mnotdismissingindividualactionslikeorderingstraw-freedrinksatbars,oroptingforareusablewaterbottleoveracupthat'sgoinginthetrashassoonasyou'veusedit.Ican'timaginenotatleasttryingtominimizemyown

38、plasticsfootprint,whetherit'slugginghomemynewly-refilledgallonbottleofwashing-upliquideveryfewmonths,orbuyingpackaging-freefood,clothingandtoiletrieswherepossible.Ontheirown,however,noneofthesethingsisenough.PartofmyworryaboutleavingituptotheindividualISthatwe'realljustguessingatwhat'sgo

39、ingonoutthere-andthat'sifwehaven'tbeenscaredofffromdoinganythingtostartwithinthefaceofsuchahugechallenge.Asconsumers,wehavelittleideaabouthowmuchplastichasbeenusedanddiscardedalongthesupplychain,forexample.It'salsohardtocompare,say,goingtoabulkstorethatsellsplastic-freeproductsbutrequire

40、syoutodrivesomedistanceversusamoreIccalshopwhereyoumayenduptakinghomesomepackageditems.There salsoatimeandcostissue.Realistically,I'mnotgoingtostartmakingmyownlaundrydetergentssoIcanavoidtheplasticbottlestheycomein,andtherecanbeextracostsassociatedwithenvironmentallyfriendlyproducts.Mybiggestcon

41、cernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseofwhatneedstobeachievedOntheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreorquittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"doneourbit"withouteverprogressingo

42、ntobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions-akindof"morallicensing"thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesthatas&q

43、uot;consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas"citizens"holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.NowhereinWorldEnvironmentDay2018'skeymessagesisthereanythingaboutvotingforenvironmentallyprogressivepoliticians,forexample.Whynot?It,simportanttoacknowledg

44、ethattheenvironmentisn teveryone spriority-orevenmostpeople s.Weshouldn texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyCouldPeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElizabethR.DeSombrearguethatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeopleisforthechangetobestructural.Thismightmeani

45、mplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacosttoenvironmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.Indiahasjustannounceditwill”eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022.Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,suchasensuringrecyclingisatleast

46、aseasyastrashdisposal.DeSombreisn,tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It sjustthatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobeonly,orevenprimary,approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual.It sjustaboutputtingthingsintoperspective.Wedon thavetimetowa

47、it.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshapecollectiveaction(andreininpollutingbusiness),alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchange.That snotsomethingwecanbuy.36.SomecelebritiesstarinanewvideotoA.demandnewlawsontheuseofplasticsB.urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplasticsC.invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisisD.disc

48、losethecausesoftheplasticscrisis37.TheauthorISconcernedthat“morallicensingmayA.misleadusintodoingworthlessthingsB.preventusfrommakingfurthereffortsC.weakenoursenseofaccomplishmentD.suppressourdesireforsuccess38.Bypointingoutouridentityas“citizens,“theauthorindicatesthatA.ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocom

49、munitywelfareB.ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimprovingC.wehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrightsD.Weshouldpressourgovernmentstoleadthecombat39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbeA.awin-winarrangementB.aself-drivenmechanismC.acost-effectiveapproachD.atopdownprocess40.TheauthorconcludesthatindividualeffortsA.canbetooaggressiveB.arefarfromsufficientC.canbetooinconsistentD.arefarfromrational