人教八年级英语下全册各单元知识点考点汇总.pdf
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1、人教八年级英语下全册各单元知识点考点汇总Unit 1 What s the matter?一、基础知识1.What s the matter?怎么啦?出什么事情了?【解析】matter/maeta(r)/n.问题;事情What1 s the matter with you?=What/s the trouble with you?=What s wrong with you?你怎么了?【注】:matter和trouble为名词,其前可加th e或形容词性物主代词,wrong是adj.不能加the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词with连用。即:Wha
2、t s the matter with sb.?=What s your trouble?=What7 s up?=What happens to sb.?一What s the matter with you?I have a bad cold.2.1 had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼3.身体部位+ache(疼痛)构成新的复
3、合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache 后背痛4.much too+形容词,意 为 太 ,too much+名 词,意 为 很 多,大 量。5.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地,enough放在名前后,形副后。good enough足够好zenoughmoney=much money6.lie down躺下 J i e躺,躺 着,过去式lay;lie说 谎,过去式lied7.maybe 或许,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are righ
4、t.may be,是情态动词+be的结构,意为可能,也许,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.sound like+名词代词和从句:It sounds like you don t know the truth.It sounds like a good idea,sound+形容词,听起来,好像“,The music sounds nice.9.need需 要,实义动词need+名 词,需要某物;need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:You need to listen carefullyduring class.need doing
5、sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes need washing.10.get off(the bus)下(公交车)get on 上车11.agree同 意,赞 同;agree with sth.同意某事 如:I agree with that idea.agree to sb.同意某人的意见 如:I agree to LiLei.12.trouble 问 题,麻 烦;be in trouble 遇到麻烦,make trouble 制 造 麻 烦,have trouble(in)doing sth.=have difficulties(in)doing st
6、h 做 有麻烦。13.right away=right now=at once,意为 马 上。14.advice 不可数名词 劝 告,建 议,向 征求意见,give sb.advice on sth.就某事给某人建议;advise 动词advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事advise sb.doing sth.【复习】exercise练习、锻炼当exercise意为练习时,为可数名词即可加s当exercise意 为 锻 炼 时,为不可数名词 即不加s16.hurt 及物动词,使 疼 痛,受 伤,He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词.(部
7、 位)疼。His leg hurt badly.clean【动词】打 扫,dean the classroom打扫教室,【形容词】干 净 的,cleaner意 为 清 洁 工。18.hit(用手或器具)打;击 打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb.on the head/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后 背,on用在所打较硬的部位;hit sb.in the face/eye/stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚 子,in用在所打较软的部位。be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于、适应了.做某事,强调状态;His grand
8、pa was used tocountry life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.get/become used to sth./doing s t h.变得习惯,逐渐适应”强调过程、动 作:It s difficult for one to get used to another country s habit.2 0.【复习】free 形容词 空闲的 free time;免费的 the drink is for free;自由的 I want to becomea free bird.free【动词】使 解 脱,得
9、到自由:He could not free his arm.run out 用 完,用尽 When his water run out,he knew that he would have to do something tosave his own life.物sth.run out.某物用尽了。人 sb.run out of sth.人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22.risk(sb.)to do sth.冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险23.the importance of(doing)sth
10、.(做)某事的重要性We students should know the importance of(learning)English.importance n.重 要 性),important adj.重要的,unimportant adj.不重要的decision【名词】决 定;抉 择;make a decision做 决 定;make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.o25.be in the control of 掌 管,管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be o
11、ut of control无法控制,无 法 管 理be under control被控制住,在控制之中26.【复习】mind意 为 介 意,mind doing sth.介意做某事,Would you mind my opening the window?27.give up(doing)sth.放 弃(做)某 事,give up(playing)computer games;give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形 式,也可不接,如:Never give up easily.二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性S lk数上保持一致。
12、数 人 称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1.可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如:Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2.可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如:She isn t quite herselftoday.3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。如:She herself will fly to
13、 London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4.用在某些固定短语当中。look after oneself/take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./learn sth.by oneself 自学enjoy oneself玩得高兴,过得愉快help oneself to sth请自用(随便吃/喝些).hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下buy oneself sth.给自己买 东西introduce on
14、eself 介绍 自己【提醒】1.反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。如:我自己能完成作业。(误)Myself can finish my homework.(IE)I myself can finish my homework./1 can finish myhomework myself.2.反身代词表示某人自己不能表示某人的东西,因为它没有所有格的形式。表达某人自己 的(东 西)”时,须要用one s own.如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I m drawing with myself crayons.(IE)F m drawing with myown cray
15、ons.Unit 2 F II help to clean up the city parks一、基本知识点1.sick 生病的,有病的;可在句中作表语 Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语a sick child【区别ill ill与sick同 义;但是只在句中做表语,不做定语。Mary could not come because sheis ill.2.cheer(sb.)up(让某人)变得高兴才辰奋起来 The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3.give out分发 散发 相当
16、于 hand out,The teacher is giving out/handing out the test papers.give sth.out to sb.意为把某物分发给某人。4.volunteer【名词】志 愿 者【动词】义务做,自愿做(某 事)volunteer to do sth.自 愿 做 某 事,The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5.used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。There used to be a cin
17、ema here.这里曾有一个照相机。They told me stories about the past and how things used to b e.他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。6.a lo n e【形容词】独自一人的,无感情色彩:The musician enjoyed living alone and writingsongs himself.lonely(感 到)孤独寂寞的,带有很强的感情色彩,可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonelynow.7.care for sb./sth.照 顾;照料c a re【名词】小 心,关心take care
18、 of=look after【动词】care about sb./sth.关 心,在意某人/事【形容词】careful仔 细 的/careless粗 心 的 一【副词】carefully仔细地8.such 这样的,这 种,如此,用于修饰名词such+a/an+形容词+单数名词:such a good day 多么美好的一天/such an exciting match 多么精彩的比赛such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词:such important decisions多么重要的建议such deliciousfood多么美味的食物如果名词前被 many,much,few,little 修饰时
19、,只能用 so,而不用 such:so many sick children/solittle time9.try out for.参加 选 拔,争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of theyear.try out试 用,试验10.jo u rn ey【名词】(尤指长途)旅 行,行 程;trip【名词】多指短途旅行;travel【名词、动词】travel around the world _【名词】traveler旅行者11.【复习】be busy with sth.忙 于(做)什 么 事 情be busy d
20、oing sth.忙 于(做)什么事情12.【复习】try doing sth.试着去做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事try one s best(to do sth.)尽某人最大的努力去做某事13.【复习】be worried about sb./sth.=worry about sb./sth.担心某人、某事14.raise money 集 资,筹 钱;raise money for.为 筹钱raise【动词】举 起;提 高;募集15.keep【动词】keep+名 词,保 留(某 物);keep+形容词,保持16.【形容词】broken破损的,出毛病的;blind瞎 的,失明
21、的;deaf聋 的;disabled有残疾的,丧失能力的;在句中做定语和表语。make it possible(for sb.)to do sth.使(某 人)做某事成为可能,You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it+形容词(+for sb.)to do sth.使(某 人)做某事成为.;think/find it+形容词 to do sth.18.make a difference to对.有影响;对.有作用,difference 前可以用 no,any,some,much等修饰,如The rain made no
22、 difference to the game.Hard-working makes much difference to study.19.difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的 困难 时为不可数;表示具体的 难题、难事 时为可数;have difficulty(in)doing sth.=have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难20.train【动词】训 练,trained为过去分词,可做定语,意为 受过训练的a trained dog21.be excited about sth.对某事感到兴奋,Everyone is excited about th
23、e good news.【复习】excited意 为 兴 奋 的,修 饰 人;exciting意为令人兴奋/激动的,修饰物。22.order【名词】命 令,指 示;顺 序,次 序【动词】订 购;点(菜)follow the order.23.change【动词】变 化,改变 It s hard for a person to change his life(style).【名词】变 化;零钱change A for B 用 A 换成 B:When you travel in China,remember to change US dollars forRMB.re p air【动词】修 理,修
24、 补;fix【动词】安 装;使 固 定【fix up修理=repair】Unit3 Could you please clean your room?Peter zcould you please take out the trash?彼 得,你能把垃圾倒了吗?Could you please do sth?请 你(做)好 吗?用于提出请求,希望得到对方的肯定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could不 是can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem.否定回答:Sorry,I can,t2、t
25、ake out 取 出(v+adv)【注】:跟代词做宾语,代词放中间;跟名词做宾语,可放在中间,也可放在后边His teeth hurt badly.The dentist take them out.【短语】take out the trash倒 垃 圾take a walk散 步take away拿 走,取走take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱 下;起飞3.Can you do the dishes.?那你可以洗盘子吗?do the dishes 洗碗【结 构1】do the+名 词:do the dishes/laundry洗餐具/衣服 结构2 do
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