考研英语写作分册2.pdf
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1、考研英语写作分册主讲:汪江涛欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材WWW.KOOLEAftN.COM说明:本讲义是面授班所发教材的全部,word文档的页码跟书是一样的。考研英语写作要求与评分细则1.大纲对写作的要求 全国硕上研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲(非英语考生)在考试说明部分要求考生掌握的写作技能:考生应能写不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等,还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时.,考生应能:1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确、用词恰当;2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;4)根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当选用语言。2.考研写作
2、试卷结构写作是全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷的第三部分。该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。共 30分。A 节:考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括信件、便笺、备忘录等。满 分 10分。B 节:要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。满 分 20分。3 .考研英语写作评分标准(一)评分原则和方法1.A节应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现的关键词,但使用提示
3、语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。B 节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。2.评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13 分的调节分。3.A 节作文的字数要求是100词左右。B 节作文的字数要求是160200词。文章长度不符合要求的,酌情扣分。4.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时,视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5.如书写较差,以致影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。(二)一般评分标准第五档 A 节分)B 节(1720分)很好地完成了试题规定的任务o一包含所有
4、内容要点;使用丰富的语法结构和词汇;一语言自然流畅,语法错误极少;有效地采用了多种衔接手法,文字连贯,层次清晰;格式和语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。第四档 A 节(7-8分)B 节(13.16分)较好地完成了试题规定的任务。一包含所有内容要点,允许漏掉1、2 个次重点;一使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇;语言基本准确,只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别语法错误;一采用了适当的衔接手法,层次清晰,组织较严密;一格式和语域较恰当。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。第三档 A 节(5-6分)B 节(912分)基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容,但包含多数内容要点;一应用的语
5、法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求;一有一些语法及词汇错误,但不影响理解;一采用了简单的衔接手法,内容较连贯,层次较清晰;格式和语域基本合理。对目标读者基本完全产生了预期的效果。第二档 A 节(34 分)B 节(58 分)未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点,写了一些无关内容;一语法结构单调、词汇项目有限;一有较多语法结构及词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解;一未采用恰当的衔接手法,内容缺少连贯性;一格式和语域不恰当。未能清楚地传达信息给读者。第 一 档 A 节(12 分)B 节(L 4 分)未完成试题规定的任务。一明显遗漏主要内容,且有许多不相关的内容;一语法项目和词汇
6、的使用单调、重复;一语言错误多,有碍读者对内容的理解,语言运用能力差;未采用任何衔接手法,内容不连贯,缺少组织、分段;无格式和语域概念。未能传达信息给读者。零档(0分)所传达的信息或所使用语言太少,无法评价;内容与要求无关或无法辨认。4.应用性短文2005年考研英语大纲样题:Directions:You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to thesales department of a bookstore to ask for:1)detaile
7、d information about the books you want,2)methods of payment,3)time and way of delivery.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the endof the letter.Use“Li Ming instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)Sample letter:Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing
8、 for information about test preparation materials for the IELTS test.I wonder if you have a vocabulary book covering the words required for IELTS,as well aspast examination papers with keys and model essays.Besides,how should I pay for thesebooksby cash,cheque,or any other means?If possible,I would
9、like to use my credit card.Finally,how will these books be shipped and when is the approximate time I can receive them?The express mail is preferable if the additional charge is not too much.I would appreciate it if you would send me a reply at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely,Li Ming步骤一:阅读
10、并分析题目:1)信息点和内容Explaining a situation:Requesting information:2)语言Vocabulary:Sentence structure:3)格式和语域(对比:便笺、备忘录)Format:salutation,body,complimentary close,name of senderRegister:informal or formal?步骤二:开始写作写称呼语:Dear Sir/Madam.To whom it may concern.Dear Mr.Bush.Dear George表明写作 目 的:lam writing for/abo
11、ut/concerning.!am writing to.I am writing because.提供/询问信息:I wonder if.Would it be possible for you to.I would like to.要求采取行动:I would appreciate it if you could.I should be grateful if you could.Could youplease.Would you mind.结束语:Thank you for your attention/kindness.!look forward to seeing you/your
12、reply.签名:Yours sincerely.Yours faithfully.Best wishes.Lots of love步骤三:检查检查内容:检查语言:检查卷面:书信写作语言点:语法点一般过去时Im sorry,I was late for the class this morning.I really enjoyed your dinner last week.现在完成时I have been studying English for 10 years.The oven has been broken for over a week.一般现在时My class starts at
13、 8:30.They have parties every night.请求Would it be possible for me to borrow your notes?Could you send me information about the trip?提问Do you know where the books can be found?What clothes should I bring?When does the course start?原因和结果I cant go because it is too expensive.It is too expensive so I ca
14、nt go.对比He studied very hard but he failed in the exam.He was always late.However,he got the best test result.词汇不太正式与较为正式:She gets good money-She receives a good salary.People are worried about the environment The environment is a major issue.Im not really sure,but.It is possible.People say.It is of
15、ten said.模拟题:Directions:You have borrowed several books from the university library.Unfortunately,you cannot return thebooks on time.Write a letter to the chief librarian1)explaining what has happened,2)telling what you want to do about it,and3)saying when you can give the books back.You should writ
16、e about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the endof the letter.Use“Li Ming instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)Directions:You travelled by plane last week and your suitcase was lost.You have still heard nothing from theairline company.Write a letter to the
17、airline to1)explain what happened,2)describe your suitcase,and3)find out what they are going to do about it.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the endof the letter.Use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)Directions:You have a f
18、riend who will go on holiday to a town which you know very well.Write a letter tohim/her,including:1)recommendation of a place to live,2)where he/she should go,3)things to carry with.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the endof the letter.Use“Li Ming inst
19、ead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)Directions:You saw an advertisement seeking tour guides for a local travel agency.Write a letter to thepersonnel department to state1)your interest in the job2)why you are qualified,3)when you can start the job.You should write about 100 words on A
20、NSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the endof the letter.Use“Li Ming?,instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)Directions:You moved to a new dormitory.Write a letter to your friend to1)tell him/her the reason of moving,2)describe the new dormitory,3)invite him/her to visit you.
21、You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the endof the letter.Use“Li Ming,instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)Directions:You planned to attend your friends birthday party.However,something emergent happened andyou were not able to join the p
22、arty.Write a letter to1)explain the emergency you met,2)express your apology,3)tell how you will make up for it.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the endof the letter.Use“Li MingM instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)考研英语写作常见问题及对策1.无话可
23、说,难以下笔。这主要是由于考生平时很少看文章,很少构思所导致。事实上,考研英语写作一般考的是人们普遍关注的社会性话题,既不出偏题怪题,也极少出现过于复杂的热门话题。要做到考试的时候写作不愁内容,一方面在于平时的积累,另一方面在于正确的构思。首先,考生不能临时抱佛脚,寄希望于背儿篇范文照抄,而是应该多看报纸杂志,扩大知识面,关注普遍性的社会话题。如果看的是中文的,主要应该从内容方面了解,如果看的是英文的,还可以同时积累一些常用表达。其次,要做到有话可说,还应该掌握一些基本的构思方法。比如,考生可以用归纳法(induction)构思,然后以演绎法(deduction)写作。2.有话可说,但不对路。
24、有的考生不愁没话说,甚至洋洋洒洒,但没有说到点子上,导致严重跑题。考研英语写作属于非开放性话题(controlled w riting),不是可以随意创作的。考生应该严格按照题目要求进行。考生的作文应该是对于题目的合理回应(response to the task requirement)因此,在写作的时候,考生要注意仔细审题。审题可能涉及到题目、提纲、图画图表、及文字说明等儿个方面。对于题目中的解释性文字和图画图表要仔细理解斟酌。在平时练习的时候,考生可以采取用历年真题来练笔。自己先写一遍,然后看看高分作文是怎么写的,分析琢磨好的作文,进行模仿和学习。考生要避免东拉西扯加上与题目无关的内容.
25、3.文章安排,极不合理。考生文章条理方面的缺乏往往是因为没有紧扣题目要求(directions)所造成。现行考研英语作文 般采用三段论的布局。题目中般有三条要求,考生完全可以相应地写三段话回应。文章不分段或者分段过多都是不合理的。题目中的要点,一个都不能少。不能忽略题目中的提示,以免结构混乱失衡。段落要有主体句,要按照一定的逻辑框架写作。4.结构混乱,缺乏关联。考生写作的时候,可能内容方面都面面俱到,而且也写了三段,但是每段话内部缺少有机联系。这主要是因为没有采用正确的论证方法和文章衔接手段(cohesivedevices)运用不成功造成。一般说来,在提出论点(thesis statement
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