考研英语基础班阅读分册.pdf
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1、考研英语阅读理解电子教材主讲:范猛欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材“即WWW.KOOLBARN.COM教材说明:本电子教材w ord文档下面的页码跟教材完全样,学员只需根据老师说的多少页找到相应的页面学习即可。请提前预习、认真学习、及时复习,祝广大考研学子考研成功!阅读理解全真试题(19942004年)UnitlPassage 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-orientedeconomy in which consumers largely determi
2、ne what shall be produced by spending their money in themarketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Private businessmen,striving to makeprofits,produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen;and the profit motive,operating under competitive pressures,largely
3、determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with thedesire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,thattogether determine what shall be produced and how r
4、esources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demandscan be expressed and responded to by producers.In the American economy,this mechanism is providedby a price system,a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relativ
5、e demands of consumersand supplies offered by sellerproducers.If the product is in short supply relative to the demand,the pricewill be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.If,on the other hand,producingmore of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increa
6、se the supply offered byseller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.Thus,price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to ownproductive resour
7、ces(private property),and they are permitted to hire labor,gain control over naturalresources,and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.In the American economy,the concept ofprivate property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights,including the right
8、 to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another privateindividual.51.In Line 7,Para.1,the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes1 meansAJ Americans are never satisfied with their incomesB Americans tend to overstate their incomesCl Americans want to have their i
9、ncomes increasedD Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52.The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that.A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized productionB consumers can express their demands through producers|C producers decide the prices of pro
10、ductsD supply and demand regulate prices53.According to the passage,a private-enterprise economy is characterized by.A private property and rights concernedB manpower and natural resources controlC ownership of productive resourcesD free contracts and prices54.The passage is mainly about.AJ how Amer
11、ican goods are producedB how American consumers buy their goodsC how American economic system worksD how American businessmen make their profitsPassage 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card.They theirowners automatic credit in stores,restaurants,and ho
12、tels,at home,across the country,and even abroad,and they make many banking services available as well.More and more of these credit cards can be readautomatically,making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations,whether or not thelocal branch bank is open.For many of us the cas
13、hless society1*is not on the horizon-it*s alreadyhere.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers,they have many advantages for sellers too.Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales.They can keep a wide range ofrecords,including who sold what,when,and to whom.Thi
14、s information allows businessmen to keeptrack of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made.At the same time these computersrecord which hours are busiest and which employees are the most e
15、fficient,allowing personnel andstaffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers fbr promotionalcampaigns.Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons.Computer-analyzed marketingreports can help to decide which products to emphasize now,which to d
16、evelop fbr the future,and whichto drop.Computers keep track of goods in stock,of raw materials on hand,and even of the productionprocess itself.Numerous other commerical enterprises,from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas andelectric utilities to milk processors,bring better and more efficient
17、 services to consumers through the useof computers.55.According to the passage,the credit card enables its owner to.A withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishesB obtain more convenient services than other people doC enjoy greater trust from the storekeeperD cash money wherever he wishes to56.
18、From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that.AJ in the future all the Americans will use credit cardsB credit cards are mainly used in the United States todayC nowadays many Americans do not pay in cashD it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57.The phrase ring up sa
19、les(Line 2,Para.2)most probably means”A make an order of goodsB record sales on a cash registerC call the sales managerD keep track of the goods in stock58.What is this passage mainly about?A Approaches to the commercial use of computers.B conveniences brought about by computers in business.C Signif
20、icance of automation in commercial enterprises.D Advantages of credit cards in business.Passage 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.For thesechildren to develop to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences.Alth
21、ough we fbcus on the needs of exceptional children,we find ourselves describing theirenvironment as well.While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention,we are aware of theimportance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.Both the family and the society inwhich exce
22、ptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.And it is in the publicschools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge,hopes,and fearsthat are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society.In that mirror
23、 we can see the strengths,theweaknesses,the hopes,the prejudices,and the central values of the culture itself.The great interest inexceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling inour society that all citizens,whatever their special conditions
24、,deserve the opportunity to fully developtheir capabilities.All men are created equal.Weve heard it many times,but it still has important meaning foreducation in a democratic society.Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denoteequality before the law,it has also been interpreted
25、to mean equality of opportunity.That concept implieseducational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to thelimits of his or her capacity,whether that capacity be small or great.Recent court decisions haveconfirmed the right of all children 一 disabled or no
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