2021中考英语阅读理解专项训练-科普知识与文化.pdf

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1、中考英语阅读理解专项训练-科普知识与文化时间：8 10分钟/篇分值：2 分/小题Passage 1A new report shows what life might be like in 100 years from now.Itdescribes skyscrapers that are much taller than todays buildings,underwater bubble cities and holidays in space.The report is from acompany.It asked experts（专家）on space and architectur

2、e,as well as cityplanners,to give their ideas on the life in 2116.They said the way we live,work and play will be totally different to how we do these things today.The experts used the Internet as an example.They said that 25 years ago,people could not imagine how the Internet and smartphones wouldc

3、hange our lives.The Internet has completely changed the way wecommunicate,learn and do daily things.The experts said the changes inthe next century would be even more unbelievable.Researchers questioned 2,000 adults about the predictions（预言）theythought were most likely（很可能的）to happen in the future.T

4、heypredicted that in the future,few people will go to an office but will workfrom home and have work meetings online.People will have highlydeveloped 3D printers that will let you download(下载)a design forfurniture or a food recipe and then print the sofa,table or pizza athome.There will also be less

5、 need for visits to the doctor.We will all havea home health instrument that will tell us what the problem is and giveus treatment.We will also be going into space for holidays and to getresources that we have used up on Earth.A prediction that is missing iswhether people will still need to study En

6、glish.()1.The writer uses the example of the Internet in Paragraph 1 to showA.the Internet was often usedB.the Internet has developed fastC.people will not believe the changesD.technology will change peoples lives()2.With the help of highly developed 3D printers,a way to get a sofa in2116 is to.A.bu

7、y one in a shopB.ask somebody to make oneC.download a design and print oneD.design and make one by oneself()3.According to the passage,the missing prediction isA.how people will workB.where people will get resourcesC.what people will have at home to treat illnessD.whether people will still need to l

8、earn English()4.The passage is mainly a bout.A.the life in 2116 B.holidays in spaceC.the history of the Internet D.medical treatment()5.The passage is most probably f r om.A.an advertisement B.a newspaperC.a detective story D.a health reportPassage 2When I opened my email the other day,Rachel,a pret

9、ty woman,appeared on my computer screen.She greeted me by name and startedtalking happily.Sometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss.Itwas cool,right?In fact,she was reading to me an email from my brotherJohn.Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail.Facemail lets yo

10、u send emails in a funny way.By using it,your emails canbe read to the receiver by an attractive person or by a clown.You candownload the software at www.F without paying.Facemailfaces are lively and they can simulate the emotions that you put in yourtext.For example,type in,and Rachel blows a kiss.

11、LifeFX,the company that developed the Facemail,is sure there are widebusiness uses.Why is ebusiness not so popular now?One of the reasonsis that buying online has no human touch.But if you go to the Nikewebsite,and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you byname,serves you,and personally

12、 closes_the_sale,_ wont you be happy?Also,if mom cant be home when kids get back from school,she canleave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them whatthere is to eat.Its true that Facemail makes life easy and fun,but it should be used withcare.The clown looks lively and funny at f

13、irst.But if you choose the clown,put a few rude words in an email and add some angry emotions,youvegot a Psycho mail.()1.In fact,who is Rachel?A.She is a pretty actress.B.She is Johns girlfriend.C.She is not a real person.()2.What is the main advantage of Facemail?A.You dont need to pay for it.B.Ema

14、il can be attractive in a more lovely way.C.You can ask a beautiful woman to read the email to you.()3.What does the underlined expression closes the sale1 probablymean?A.停止营业B.达成交易C.取消折扣()4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.You shouldnt choose a clown.B.Facemail can be widel

15、y used in business.C.Mom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail.()5.What is the writers attitude(态度)towards Facemail?A.He thinks its a danger to the Internet.B.He thinks it needs further improvement.C.He thinks its a cool and funny technology.Passage 3Many homes have cameras to protect them from

16、danger.The camerascan tell the owners if someone has entered.But the cameras do notknow whether the person is a family member,a friend,a postman or acriminal罪犯）.But a new camera made by a French company can recognize（辨另（J出）faces.It can tell parents at work that their children have returned fromschoo

17、l,or that the mail has been sent to their home.It can also tell themif a stranger has entered their home.When family members enter ahome,the smart camera“recognizes them and sends information tothe owners phone.The owner can choose to see the video then or later.But if an unknown person enters a hom

18、e,the camera will send a warningsound on the owners phone.This is what happened recently to a smart home camera owner namedDamien.He lives in Paris.On a Friday I was at work,having a big monthly meeting when myphone moved.At first I told myself Oh,it must be a wrong warn butmy phone was telling me t

19、here was a face that the camera did notrecognize.Something was happening in my house!I saw a person I did not know with his shoes on,which is not allowed inmy apartment(公寓).I watched it on the video.I felt quite surprised.Ihurried back home as fast as possible and called the police on the way.Thanks

20、 to the smart camera,the criminal was caught soon,“saidDamien.()1.The new smart camera is different from the ones in many homesbecause it can.A.protect the owner B.help a school childC.recognize faces D.call the police()2.In Damiens apartment,people can t.A.wear shoes B.watch videosC.have cameras D.

21、send mails()3.If we put the passage into three parts,which of the following is thebest?(=Para.(自然段)1 =Para.2 =Para.3=Para.4 =Para.5)A.；B.；C.；D.；（）4.The best title of the passage may be.A.Catching Criminals in a Better WayB.Strange Video FacesC.Warning Sound on the PhoneD.Smart Home Cameras答案：Passage

22、 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过列举实例介绍了中外待人接物的不同，告诉我们应该多了解不同国家的不同文化。15 ABCBDPassage 4Hover Camera（无人相机）Wang Mengqiu,the inventor of Hover Camera,was born in Hangzhou in1982.He once studied at Stanford University in the United States.Hebecame famous overnight（一夜成名）because of the invention.Forget selfie sticks（自拍杆

23、）！Compared to other cameras,Hover Camerahas many advantages.*It can fly and stay in midair,track your face and even follow you to makesure it gets the perfect picture.*It can be controlled by using a smartphone（智能手机）.*It records movements with a 13MP camera and takes 4K video.*It is the best choice

24、for weddings,sports games and holidays.Mr.Wang also said,“The main design consideration is easy and safe totake for the users.Its very light and small.It can be folded（折叠）in two,so it can be easily put into a bag.When the power is low,it can land onthe ground safely on its own.Its reported that the

25、company has raised$25 million to produce it.As itis still being tested（测试），Hover Camera can be bought later this year.The price has not yet been decided.But a spokesman says the companyhopes to sell it for less than$600.（）1.Hover Camera can.A.swim in the water B.fly in the midairC.change its weight

26、D.be used as a phone()2.The underlined word track me a n s.A.pull B.follow C.push D.show()3.According to the passage,why is Hover Camera easy and safe totake?A.Its light and small.B.It can be folded in three.C.It doesnt need power.D.Only a smartphone can make it land.()4.Which is not mentioned in th

27、e passage?A.How can we control Hover Camera?B.When can we buy Hover Camera?C.How much is Hover Camera?D.How popular will Hover Camera be?()5.According to the passage,Wang Mengqiu is a young man.A.brave B.quiet C.creative D.humorousPassage 5The Building That MovesEveryone knows that buildings dont mo

28、ve.They cant change the waythey look.However,architect健 筑 师）David Fisher wants to change that.Fisher has an amazing idea.He wants to make 80story buildings thatchange shape.Each floor will move around slowly.The floors will move atdifferent speeds.Because of this,the shape of the building is alwaysc

29、hanging.These buildings will never look the same,says Fisher.His idea is an interesting one.However,Fisher doesnt stop there.He alsowants the building to be“green”.The building will make its own energy.In most buildings,only the top floor has a roof（屋顶）.In Fishers building,each floor will have its o

30、wn roof.The roofs each have solar panels（太阳能板）.This means a lot more solar energy.Also,machines between eachfloor of the building will catch the wind.They will turn the wind intoenergy.Fishers ideas sound impossible.However,thats_what_people_also_said_before_humans_traveled_into_space!（）1.The passag

31、e is mainly talking about.A.buildings for the futureB.the life of an architectC.how green buildings work()2.The underlined word 80story means the building has 80A.shapes B.floors C.different speeds()3.Fishers building can make its own energy because theb u i l d i n g.A.is tall and always movingB.is

32、 tall and has many solar panelsC.is always moving and has many solar panels()4.The Fishers building will NOT get energy f r om.A.the sun B.the water C.the wind()5.Why does the writer saythats_vvhat_people_also_said_before_humans_travelednto_space?A.To show why Fishers building will never work.B.To s

33、how why Fishers building is like a spaceship.C.To show that unusual ideas can sometimes work.Passage 6Pollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 millionpeople each year.Many people die as a result of breathing smoke orfrom cooking over wood powered or coalpowered stoves.One way to

34、reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipmentpowered by the sun.Crosby Menzies,a solar power expert in a SouthAfrican company,described his latest solar cooker called the Sol 4.Itis four square meters of mirrors,six to eight meters in length.It is quite alarge cooker.1The“Sol 4 works by r

35、eflecting（反射）light from the sun off largemirrors.The mirrors direct（把.对准）the light at a cooking pan.Thenthe light heats the pan with solar energy.Within two minutes,the pan ishot enough to cook sausages and onions.In just four minutes,water canbe boiled.That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or

36、 electricity.The cooker is also much friendlier than other models because peopledo not have to stand in the sun to use it.And people can prepare mealswithout having to collect firewood or spend money on coal.Suchindividuals would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmfulsmoke.At presen

37、t,the cooker only works when the sun is shining.But engineersare working on a way to make it work without sunlight.Each cooker costs about$2,000,which is a large amount of money formost Africans.To solve that problem,Crosby Menzies has created anongovermental organization called Solar Cookers for Af

38、rica.It plans toraise money through donations to provide poor people with solarcooking equipment.()1.This passage is mainly a bout.A.solar cookers B.smoke pollutionC.solar power experts D.breathing illnesses()2.The Sol 4 is mainly used to.A.shorten the time of cookingB.reduce the cost of making cook

39、ersC.raise money through donations to help African peopleD.reduce the number of deaths caused by harmful smoke()3.The underlined word individuals most probably meansA.cookers B.mirrors C.people D.experts()4.Which of the following about the Sol 4 is TRUE?A.It is six to eight square meters of mirrors.

40、B.It can work in any weather condition now.C.It can also heat the pan by lighting firewood.D.It is more environmentfriendly than other cookers.()5.From the passage,we can infer t hat.A.the Sol 4 will be designed in a smaller sizeB.more Africans can use the solar cookers in the futureC.the Sol 4 is t

41、he first product of the South African companyD.the African government will provide poor people with solar cookersPassage 7Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living inNuevo Saposoa,a small village in Peru,South America.However,thingswent from bad to worse in March 2015 a

42、fter heavy rains damaged theonly power cables in the area.The villagers were forced to use oil lamps,which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmfulgases they produce.Luckily,researchers at the University of Technology(UT)in Lima,Peruheard about their problem and found a wonde

43、rful solution.They made alamp that can be powered by plants and soil,both of which can be easilyfound in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies.The lamp takesenergy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up anLED light bulb.While that may sound amazing and even impossible

44、,the science behindthe idea is quite simple.As plants create their food(using the sunsenergy,water and chemicals from the soil),they also produce wastewhich they return to the soil.Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste andthey produce electrons the building blocks of electrical energy.TheUT team p

45、ut special sticks inside the soil to capture the energy and keepit in the lamps batteries for later use.The researchers say a single chargecan power a 50watt LED light for two hours enough time for localvillagers to get their evening work done.The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of

46、Nuevo Saposoa inOctober 2015.So far,they have been a huge success!Elmer Ramirez,theUT professor who invented the lamp believes the Plant Lamp could helpimprove the lives of many people,especially small rainforestcommunities,42%of whom have no electricity.()1.What are the problems of oil lamps accord

47、ing to Paragraph 1?A.They are difficult to use and create pollution.B.They are expensive to buy and easily damaged.C.They are difficult to repair and produce little light.D.They are expensive to use and can be bad for health.()2.The electricity made by the Plant Lamp comes fromA.plant food B.plant w

48、asteC.the soils heat D.the suns energy()3.What is true about the Plant Lamp?A.It can be made by local people.B.It is much easier to use than oil lamps.C.It can produce all the electricity the village needs.D.The things it needs to make electricity are easy to find.()4.The Plant Lamps inventor believ

49、es it could be most helpfulfor.A.rainforest communities B.carsC.poor people in cities D.farmers()5.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To report on a new invention.B.To explain a new scientific theory.C.To describe how electricity is made.D.To discuss the problems of poor villages.答案Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一种智能家庭摄像机的功能,并举了发生在一个用户家的事例来说明这种摄像机的神奇之处。14 CABD