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1、考研翻译9 4年翻译真题：S c i e n c e m o v e s f o r w ar d,t h e y s ay,n o t s o m u c h t h r o u g h t h ei n s i g h t s o f g r e at m e n o f g e n i u s as b e c au s e o f m o r e o r d i n ar yt h i n g s1 i k e i m p r o v e d t e c h n i q u e s an d t o o l.句子主干：S c i e n c e m o v e s f o r w ar

2、 d；其他成分：t h e y s ay插入语n o t s o m u c h t h r o u g h t h ei n s i g h t s o f g r e at m e n o fg e n i u s as b e c au s e o f m o r e o r d i n ar yt h i n g s l i k e i m p r o v e dt e c h n i q u e s an d t o o l.状语；难点分析：难点在于对状语的分析，而其中较麻烦的就是对比较结构的处理：n o t s o m u c h.as.这个结构我们之前讲过：与其说.不如说.这样状

3、语可以翻译为：与其说是通过：t h e i n s i g h t s o f g r e at m e n o f g e n i u s不如说是因为：m o r e o r d i n ar y t h i n g s l i k e i m p r o v e dt e c h n i q u e s an d t o o l.翻译点拨：先翻插入语：他们说，再翻主干：科学的发展/前进/进步/，但不要翻译为：往前移动；最后赋予状语中某些表达具体的中文含义：t h e i n s i g h t s o f g r e at m e n o f g e n i u s伟人和天才的洞察力/远见

4、/真知灼见等智慧的伟人的天才的伟人的以上都可以接受；more ordinary things like improved techniques andtool.还是先翻定语：像提高的工具和方法/技法/技术/等更为普通的东西；也可以是：更为普通的东西像提高的方法/技法/技术/和工具；through和because o f相对应因此可以翻译为：通过/源于/由于/因为/参考译文：他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说是由于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。94年真题第二句In short,a leader of the new school contends,the scienti

5、ficrevolution,as we call it,was largely the improvement andinvention and use of a series of instruments that expanded thereach of science in innumerable direction.句子主干：the scientific revolution was largely the improvementand invention and use.主系表结构其他成分：In short状语a leader of the new school contends 主

6、谓做插入语as we call i t定语做插入语of a series of instruments 定语that expanded the reach of science in innumerabledirection.定语从句翻译点拨：对于词汇的处理：in short简言之as we call i t 我们所谓的new school新的学派；contend坚持认为the reach范围；范畴对于定语的处理：of a series of instruments 通常前置对于定语从句的处理：可以前置也可以单独成句，但是这里最好是单独成句，因为前面有了一个定语了，再倒就繁琐了；参考译文：新学

7、派的一位领军人物坚持认为：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命主要是指一系列工具的改进，发明和使用，这些改进发明和使 用在无数个方向扩展了科学的范畴。（使得科学在各个领域无所不及/使得科学涉及到了无数个方向的各个领域）根据昨天的句子造的一个句需要大家翻译一下，背一下：In many cases,nowadays,the environment is usually changed notso much to benefit human life as to bring disastrous momentsto our future generations.94年的第三题;句子本身理解不难，翻译也不难关

8、键是需要自己写出来哦：）7 3)O v e r t h e y e ar s,t o o l s an d t e c h n o l o g y t h e m s e l v e s as a s o u r c eo f f u n d am e n t al i n n o v at i o n h av e l ar g e l y b e e n i g n o r e d b yh i s t o r i an s an d p h i l o s o p h e r s o f s c i e n c e.这两句话比较简单:7 3)O v e r t h e y e ar s,

9、t o o l s an d t e c h n o l o g y t h e m s e l v e s as a s o u r c eo f f u n d am e n t al i n n o v at i o n h av e l ar g e l y b e e n i g n o r e d b yh i s t o r i an s an d p h i l o s o p h e r s o f s c i e n c e.主干识别：t o o l s an d t e c h n o l o g y h av e b e e n i g n o r e d.其他成分：o

10、 v e r t h e y e ar s 状语t h e m s e l v e s 反身代词作同位语as a s o u r c e o f f u n d am e n t al i n n o v at i o n 定语b y h i s t o r i an s an d p h i l o s o p h e r 状语翻译点拨：定语前置：作为基本发明源泉的工具和技术本身;词的处理：p h i l o s o p h e r s o f s c i e n c e科学哲学家/科学思想家参考译文：多年来，作为基本发明源泉的工具和技术本身在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们所忽视了。昨天

11、的参考翻译：I n m a n y c a s e s,n o w a d a y s,t h e e n v i r o n m e n t i s u s u a l l y c h a n g e d n o ts o m u c h t o b e n e f i t h u m a n l i f e a s t o b r i n g d i s a s t r o u s m o m e n t st o o u r f u t u r e g e n e r a t i o n s.现在很多情况下，人们改变环境与其说给我们的生活带来了好处，不如说为后人带来了灾难。（moment

12、s可以不翻译）翻译是一种再创造，在保证语义正确的情况下需要符合中文表达的习惯。Galileos greatest glory was that in 160 9 he was the firstperson to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens toprove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than aroundthe earth.主干识别：Galileo5 s greatest glory was that（主句主干）he was the first person

13、 to prove that（从句主干）the planets revolve around the sun（从句主干）其他成分：to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavensto prove that（定语）（turn.on.to prove（目的状语）rather than around the earth（我们很熟悉的 ratherthan做状语）翻译点拨：中文到英文，如果表语较短的时候没有必要遵守英文中的主系表结构：他是第一个人，就直接翻译为：“他第一个将”就可以了。he is the one who invented the t

14、elephone.可以翻译为：他发明了电话=他是发明电话的那个人。参考译文：伽利略最大的辉煌就是在160 9年的时候，他第一个将新发明的望远镜对准了天空，去证明了行星是围绕着太阳而不是地球转动的。附上一个句子明天说答案大家试着翻译一下：Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothing.94年第五句：Whether the Government should increase the financing of purescience at the expense of technology or vice versa ofte

15、n dependson the issue of which is seen as the driving force.主干识别：Whether+主语从句 depends on the issue其他成分：the Government should increase the financing of purescience at the expense of technology or vice versa（主语从句）of which is seen as the driving force,of 短语 of+which引导的宾语句子翻译点拨：先翻译主语从句，再用代词“这”代替；词的处理：in

16、crease the financing of pure science 增力口对纯理论科学的经费投入at the expense of technology减少对技术经费的投入t h e d r i v i n g f o r c e 动力，驱动力量t h e i s s u e o f 可以不翻译：比较两种翻法：1.哪一方被看做是驱动力的问题2.那一方面被看做是驱动力第二种更加符合中文的表达。政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。昨天句子的答案：有时候不费钱的来的东西反而最贵主句：s o m e t i m e s o

17、n e p a y s m o s t f o r t h e t h i n g s定语从句省略了 t h a t:(t h a t)o n e g e t s f o r n o t h i n gt h a t 指代前面的t h i n g s 做宾语完整就是：o n e g e t s t h e t h i n g s f o r n o t h i n g直接翻译就是：有时候，一个人为不费任何代价而得来的东西支付了最多；转译：有时候不费钱的来的东西反而最贵95年第一句：The target is wrong,for in attacking the tests,critics di

18、vertattention from the fault that lies with illinformed orincompetent users.主干识别：The target is wrong其他成分：for in attacking the tests,critics divert attentionfrom the fault that lies with illinformed or incompetentusers.（原因状语）for+状语从句；in attacking the tests状语从句中的状语；critics divert attention from the fa

19、ult.（状语从句的主句）that lies with illinformed or incompetent users 定语从句修饰fault;翻译点拨：词汇的处理：divert attention from.divert attention from.原义是把注意力引开，反译为没有注意到；lies with 在于illinformed or incompetent users 不甚了解或使用不当的使用者；初步可以翻译为：这个目标是错的，因为批评者在攻击测试的时候，没有注意到在于这个错误，这个错误在于不甚了解或使用不当的使用者。但是这个翻译明显不符合中文的表达习惯需要修改：主要是后半部分：将

20、 两 个“这个错误”合并为：测试的错误在于 将 i 11 informed or incompetent”翻译为动词:不了解，不太会”那么主语就应该是原句中的“user”，缺一个对象那应该“tests”修改完成：参考译文：这个目标是错的，因为抨击测试的时候，批评者没有注意到测试的弊病在于使用者不了解也不太会恰当使用测试。How well the predictions will be validated by later performancedepends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness ofthe information us

21、ed and on the skill and wisdom with which itis interpreted.主干识别：How+主语从句 depends upon the the amount,reliability,and appropriateness and on the skill and wisdom.其他成分：of the information used 定语with which it is interpreted 定语主语从句主干：the predictions will be validated by laterperformance.how well 状语翻译点拨：

22、validated证实how w e l l多好.但是直译过去就是会多好的被证实。中文的习惯是：多大程度被证实；with which it is interpreted 定语从句前置确定最后的it的指代应该是information；信息；则可以主动变为被动：解释这些信息时的参考译文：这些预测在多大程度上会被之后的表现所证实则依靠于所用信息的数量，可靠性和适合性，同时取决于解释这些信息时的技巧和智慧。这个句子关注并列，同时both作为代词的用法：）Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both ina particular situ

23、ation depends,therefore,upon the evidencefrom experience concerning comparative validity and upon suchfactors as cost and availability.主干识别：Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both depends,therefore,upon theevidence and upon such factors.其他成分：or both=or tests and other kinds of inform

24、ation（both指代前面）in a particular situation 状语therefore 状语from experience concerning comparative validity 定语修饰evidenceas cost and availability 定语修饰 factors翻译点拨：in a particular situation在某一特定情况下the evidence from experience经验依据（来自经验的证据）comparative validity 相对效度concerning与.有关的availability能否获得（有无来源）参考译文：所以

25、在某一特定的情况下，是否使用测试以及其他的各种信息或者两者使用，取决于有关相对效度的经验依据，也取决于诸如经费（多少），有无来源等因素.95年的出题是爱极了并列：）这也是好事，可以多练习，多琢磨。In general,the tests work most effectively when the qualitiesto be measured can be most precisely defined and leasteffectively when what is to be measured or predicated can notbe well defined.主干识别:the t

26、ests work其他成分:most effectively状语when the qualities to be measured can be mostprecisely defined 状语从句（the qualities can be most precisely defined 主干；to be measured 定语修饰 qualities）least effectively 状语when what is to be measured or predicated can not bewell defined状语从句（what is to be measured or predicat

27、ed 状语从句中的主语）翻译点拨：the tests work测试有效be most precisely defined 彳艮精确界定（most=very；the most才是最高级）measured 测量参考译文：一般的说，当所要测定的素质/性质/特征能很精确界定时,测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地被界定时、测试的效果则最差。95年的最后一句，依然出现了并列，注意虚拟语气的省略现象。For example,the tests do not compensate for gross socialinequality,and thus do not tell how able a

28、n underprivilegedyoungster might have been had he grown up under more favorablecircumstances.主干识别：the tests do not compensate for gross socialinequality,and thus do not tell how+从句其他成分：how able an underprivileged youngster might havebeen had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.h o w引导一个宾语

29、从句，其主句为how able anunderprivileged youngster might have been；还原为中文的语序为：an underprivileged youngstermight have been how able;条件状语从句：had he grown up under more favorablecircumstances,（if 被省略，had 提前）还原为：if he had grown up under more favorablecircumstances.翻译点拨：compensate f o r弥补gross social inequality明显

30、的社会不公and thus 因此tell说明underprivileged贫困的、物质条件不好的under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下本句只要能识别出句子结构翻译就比较容易了。参考译文：测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。96年第一句：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results ofsocial needs.Others are reasonable consequences of particularadva

31、nces in science being to some extent self-accelerating.主干识别：这是两个句子：第一句：Some of these causes are completelyreasonable results of social needs.第二句：Others are reasonable consequences ofparticular advances in science being to some extent selfaccelerating.主 干:Others are reasonable consequences.of particu

32、lar advances in science beingself-accelerating 定语to some extent状语，某种程度上翻译点拨：Others=other causes;reasonable consequences=reasonable resultsparticular advances in science 科学中的特定发展；being self-accelerating 的处理是难点；就结构上讲是做为定语修饰science,但是这里却不能直接前置为：正在自我加速的科学中的特定的发展的结果；我们讲过定语从句表示原因，其实定语何尝又不能表示原因呢？所以在这里可以翻译为

33、：科学在一定程度上自我加速(science)being self-accelerating)有了在科学上的特定发展(particular advances in scence)合并为：由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而引起的特定发展的 参考译文：在这些原因中，有一些是完全理性（自然）的社会需求的结果，而其他的一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而引起的特定 发 展 的 合 理（自然）后果。This trend began during the Second World War,when severalgovernments came to the conclusion that the speci

34、fic demandsthat a government wants to make of its scientific establishmentcannot generally be foreseen in detail.主干识别：This trend began其他成分：during the Second World War 状语when several governments came to theconclusion that the specific demands that a government wantsto make of its scientific establish

35、ment cannot generally beforeseen in detail.（定语从句）several governments came to the conclusion.（定从主干）the specific demands that a government wants to makeof its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseenin detail.（定从中的同位语从句）the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen indetail（同从主干）that

36、a government wants to make of its scientific establishment（同从中的定从）翻译点拨：这次的句子结构不难，把从句都剥离出来就简单了。scientific establishment 科研机构 in detail 详细1.This trend began during the Second World War这种趋势开始于二战期间2.when several governments came to the conclusionthat那个时候儿个政府达成一个结论。3.the specific demands cannot generally

37、 be foreseenin detail.特定的需求通常是无法详尽预见的。4.that a government wants to make of its scientificestablishment(that 指代 specific demands)政府想要对其科研结构所做的具体要求。参考译文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。The problem seems mostly effectively done by supporting acertain amount of research not relate

38、d to immediate goals buto f p o s s i b l ec o n s e q u e n c e i n t h e fu t u r e.主干识别：T h e p r o b l e m s e e m s m o s t l y e ffe c t i v e l y d o n e其他成分：b y s u p p o r t i n g a c e r t a i n a m o u n t o f r e s e a r c h n o t r e l a t e dt o i m m e d i a t e g o a l s b u t o f p

39、o s s i b l e c o n s e q u e n c e i n t h e fu t u r e.（状语）n o t.b u t.前后需要对称因此 r e l a t e d t o 修饰 r e s e a r c h,所以 o f p o s s i b l ec o n s e q u e n c e i n t h e fu t u r e 贝L i也修饰 r e s e a r c h;例句：S o m e s a t e l l i t e r e l a y s t a t i o n s r e l a y r a d i ow a v e s t o t h

40、e e a r t h b u t t h e y r e c e i v e t h e w a v e s n o t fr o m t h e e a r t h,b u t fr o m o t h e rs p a c e.某些卫星中继站向地球转播无线电波，但它们不是从地球而是从外层太空接收无线电波。翻译点拨：这句话的关键在于将被动变为主动；T h e p r o b l e m s e e m s m o s t l y e f f e c t i v e l y d o n e b ys u p p o r t i n g a c e r t a i n.原译：这会被通过支持.而

41、最好的被解决；改译：支持.，能最好的解决这个问题；词汇处理：i m m e d i a t e g o a l s 当前目标a c e r t a i n a m o u n t o f r e s e a r c h 某些研究m o s t l y通常，往往参考译文：给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来往往能有效地解决这一问题。However,the world is so made that elegant systems are inprinciple unable to deal with some of the worlds morefascination and

42、 delightful aspects.主干识别：the world is so made其他成分：that elegant systems are unable to deal with some ofthe worlds more fascination and delightful aspects.结果状语从句主干in principle 状语some of the worlds more fascinating and delightful都是定语，修饰名词aspects翻译点拨：这句话句子结构不难主要是对词的处理：1.the world is so made直译”世界就是这样构成的”

43、，意 译“世界就是如此。2.elegant systems elegant大纲解释为“优雅的，优美的，精致的”，这些词义与system（体系、系统）都不能搭配，所以引申为“完美的”。注意下 列例子中elegant的翻译：elegant manners优雅的风度an elegant dress漂亮雅致的女服a set of books with elegant bindings 一套装帧精美的书籍a life of elegant ease优裕闲适的生活an elegant style of writing 优雅的文体an elegant piece of reasoning 简要明确的论证an

44、 elegant wine 上等好酒3.in principle惯用法，意 为“原则上,基本上,大体上,在理论上”。例如：We agree in principle but we dislike your methods.我们原则上同意，但我们不喜欢你使用的方法。Theres no reason in principle why man shouldnt oneday travel to the most distant stars.从理论上讲，没有理由认为人类不可能在将来的某一天飞向遥远的星球。4.deal with.aspects按照搭配原则译为“解决/处理问题”。注意：aspects的词义定位一定要以deal with为依据。参考译文：然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决/处理世界上某些更加引人入胜和令人愉悦的问题的。