介词考点精讲精练讲义--2023届高考英语一轮复习.pdf

《介词考点精讲精练讲义--2023届高考英语一轮复习.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《介词考点精讲精练讲义--2023届高考英语一轮复习.pdf（9页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、介 词 点 精 讲 义一、方位介词1.among,between一般来说，among用于三者或三者以上的“在中间”；而 between主要指两者之间。among表示范围时，还可表示“在之中”。【考彳 列 1 Their wings can bridge the gap lines,resulting in electrocution（电死）if they touch two lines at once.解析：根据句中的bridge the gap,lines可判断填between,表示线与线之间的距离。【考例 2】The city psychology cafes,which offer gr

2、eat comfort,are themost popular places.解析：the most popular places是解题的关键，说明很多，所以用among。2.in,on二者均可表示 在上”。on侧重于表面接触，而 in 侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些习惯表达常用in或 on。若打击某人的脸、嘴、眼、胸、腹等部位，用 in；若打击的是头、额、鼻、颈、肩、腿等部位，用 on。【考例 1 】Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them the walls of theclassroom.解析：张贴到墙上应用介词on。【考例 2 A

3、train driver threw a piece of coalat one of us,hitting him the eye.解析：打在眼睛上，用介词in。3.across,through二者均可表示“穿过。across表示从表面穿过，through表示从空间的里面穿过。【考例 1 Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds,see walls,or have superhuman strength may sound silly.解析：根据句中的Dreaming与 have superhuman strength可判断出，本

4、空应用介词througho【考例 2 Once called the Garden of Amsterdam,it still attracts travelers to comeover to cycle and walk the surrounding forests.解析：根据walk the surrounding forests”的意思 漫步在周围的森林，可知应用 through。4.in,on,to,off四个词都表示两地之间的方位关系。in 表示在某范围之内；to 表示在某范围之外；on表示“毗邻”“接壤”；off强调两地隔着一段距离。考例 1 Nicholas did the

5、only thing he could he huddled（蜷缩）his caveand slept.解析：根据“蜷缩在洞中”可知填in。考例 2】As we all know,Japan lies the east of China.解析：日本与中国不挨着，判断用t。二、时间介词1.at,in,on,ata t表示时间的一点、时刻等，如 at 9：00,at noon；也可以表示短暂的一段时间，如at Christmas；in 表示在某段较长的时间内（如世纪、朝代、年代、月份及泛指上午、下午和晚上）；on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间（如某日、某节日、星期几），也可以表示特定的上午、下午和

6、晚上。【考例 1 Taxis a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.解析：“在纽约一个下雨的夜晚”，为具体的时间，所以本空应填on。【考例 2】I have read half of the English novel,and III try to finish it theweekend.解析：at the weekend在周末,故填at。考例 31 My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,even though heshis nineties.解析：in his nineties意

7、为“在他九十多岁”，再根据句意可知填in。2.in,afterin 表示时间，意为“在之内”；如表示“在之后”，所在句子用一般将来时，同时后面必须是一段时间。after表示时间，意为“在之后”。通常“after+时间段”，与一般过去时连用；after+时间点”，与将来时连用。【考例 1 I told her she shouldnt swim a whole nights coughing.解析：a whole nights coughing为时间段，同时根据句意可知应填after。【考例 2 I have always enjoyed all the events you organized

8、 and I hope to attendmany more the coming years.解析：the coming years是将来的时间，同时根据后半部分句意可知应填in。3.for,from,sincefor后面接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久；from后接时间点，表示行为或状态的起始点；since后接时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或动作从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻，因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用。【考例 1 Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?-The new Star Wars.We have been w

9、aiting here more than two hours.解析：根据We have been.more than two hours.的意思，可知本空应填for。考例 2 I tried to hold off at first,I played it cool a short while.解析：根据后半部分的意思“我沉着冷静了一会儿”可知，本空应填for。三、表示工具、手段、方式的介词1.by,in,on三个词都可以表示旅行的方式。(1)不涉及交通工具的名词时，用 b y,名词前没有冠词。如 by sea,by water,byland,by air 等。(2)涉及交通工具的名词时用b

10、y,但名词需要用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如 by bike,by car,by bus 等。(3)当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用 on或 in,名词前用冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如 on my bike,in a black car等。注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼等需要用 on。如 on foot,on horseback,on a camel 等。【考例】The towns harbor was already full of ice,so it couldnt come ship.解析：by ship“乘轮船”，为固定短语。2.with,inwith用于有形的工具或者身体

11、某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。如 with our eyes,w让 ha pick等。in 后面接的词表示原料、颜色、语言、钢笔、铅笔等。如 in Chinese,in ink 等。【考例】Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,mostpeople traditionally eat their hands.解析：根据后面的their hands可知本空填w ith,意思是“用手”。3.注意以下固定短语：on/over the telephone/radio 通过电话/广播；in th

12、is/that way用这/那种方式；by this/that means用这/那种方式；with this/that method用这/那种方式。【考例 1 But now that information is being spread and monitored（监控）different ways.解析：根据Afferent ways可知，本空填in。考例 2 Today,I heard another his song the radio.解析：表示“通过广播”，通常用介词on或 over。四、表示原因的介词1.for多与表示情感的抽象名词以及reason,famous等词连用。2.o

13、 f用于某些形容词之后，后接与感情相关的人或事。3.over常用于带有感情色彩的动词，如 cry,quarrel,laugh,sigh等，讲述所发生的事情的原因。考 例 1 In general,they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.Onereason this is biological.解析：reason通常与介词for连用，故本空应填for。【考 例 2】And then,weeks later,I counted,re-counted and jumped joy.解析：根据“因为高兴跳了起来”，可知本空应填f

14、or。五、表示支持、反对的介词against意为“反对”，指在观点、主张等方面与某人采取对立的态度。此外，against还有“逆着，依靠，在衬托下，与比赛”等意思。for意为“赞成，支持”，指在观点、主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度。此外，还有“对于”的意思。【考例 1 A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choicethose wanting a good nights sleep.解析：根据“对于那些希望睡一晚好觉的人来说”可知，本空应填for。考 彳 列 2 They help the body defend its

15、elf some kinds of infections.解析：根据句意“它们有助于身体自我保护，避免一些感染。”可知，应填against。六、其他常考介词1.besides,except,but,except forbesides意为“除之 外（还有）、except意为滁之 外（不再有）”，通常可以与 but互换，但如果后接副词、介词短语、when从句时，不能用but。except for意为“除了”之意，它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思。如 The composition iswell written except for some spelling mistakes.（考例

16、】Honestly speaking,we have lots of other things in common music.解析：句子中的other很关键,故用besides。2.with的用法with用法繁多，成为高考热点。其主要用法如下：表示“和在一起，和，跟”；表示“带有”，表示伴随的意思；指原因或理由；用在“with+宾语+宾补”这个复合结构中。【考例 1 Suddenly,he saw a car its bright lights on.解析：此处为“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构，所以本空填而th。考例 2 The menu is Italian,excellent meat

17、 and fresh fish,pizzas andpasta（面食）.解析：with excellent meat and fresh fish,pizzas and pasta（ffi#）是对菜单的解释说明，所以本空填Mth。3.beyond的用法表示“（时间）过了，比晚，迟于；也可以表示“（范围）超过，为所不及”。【考例 1 a certain point,though,further stress will only lead to exhaustion,illness and finally a breakdown.解析：further stress很关键，根据句意可知本空应填Bey

18、ond。【考例 2 The number of cities producing CO the standard has beenreduced from 40 to 9.解析：beyond the standard超过标准，为固定短语。4.as 与 likeas意为 像 如同 当作,可以与the same,such,as连用；like意为 像。【考例 1 .universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the sameenvironment that of the home.解析：the same通常与介词as

19、连用，故本空应填介词as。【考例 21 We start with small talk,a polite conversation about somethingtraffic or weather.解析：根据句意“我们从聊天、礼貌的交谈开始，谈论一些像交通或天气这样的事情。”可知，本空应填like。5.名词与介词的固定搭配后接介词 to 的名词：access,approach,attention,answer,apology,attitude,devotion,entrance,introduction,journey,key,visito后接介词 in 的名词：expert,intere

20、st,pride,trouble,problemo后接介词。n 的名词：congratulations,effect,influence。to 后接情感名词，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”：to onesdelight/horror/joy/surprise/amazement/sorrow/regret【考例 1 Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers ofpollution and the harmful effects of chemicals humans and on the worlds

21、lakesand oceans.解析：句中effects与介词on搭配使用，故本空应填介词on。考例 2lt was really annoying；I couldnt get access the data bank you hadrecommended.解析：get access to 为固定短语，意思是“接近，获得，可以使用”，故本空应填to。【考例 3my surprise,I found that she would pack a paper bag full ofcanned goods and head out every morning at about nine.解析：to

22、ones surprise意为 使某人惊讶的是，为固定短语，故本空应填To。6.常考介词短语介词与名词的常用搭配at a loss,at breakfast,at Christmas,on show,by accident,by nature,in anger,in comfort,in fear,in secret,in place,in advance,out of date,out of order,underdiscussion,with ease,with satisfaction 等。考例 1 The dictionary is date：Many words have been

23、added to thelanguage since it was published.解析：根据“自从出版以来，增添了很多词汇。”可知，“这本字典过时了。out of date意为“过时”，为固定短语。故本空应填out of。考例 2 We require the students full details at least 4 weeks advance.解析：in advance意为“提前”，为固定短语，故本空应填in。形容词与介词的常用搭配be anxious about,be curious about,be absorbed in,be dressed in,be rich in,

24、be fit for,be thankful for,be absent from,be equal to,be devoted to,be contraryto,be similar to,bee/get used to,be ashamed of,be proud of,be angry with,be concerned about,be patient with 等。（考例】Are you interestedbecoming a musician and getting a recording contract（合同）？解析：be interested in 意为“对感兴趣”，为固定

25、短语，故本空应填in。动词+介词ask for,leave for,agree with,catch up with,get on/along with,make friendswith,bring in,fall into,get rid of,look into,pick up,take on,focus on 等。【考例 1 For years I dealt my travel agent only by phone.解析：deal with意为“应付，对付”，为固定短语，故本空应填with。【考例 2 Most of us are more focused our tasks in

26、the morning than we arelater in the day.解析：focus on意为“专心于，专注于”，为固定短语，故本空应填on。其他常用短语according to,along with,because of,due to,but for,for fear of,for lack of,for the purpose of 等。考例 1 JAccording a study by ,83 percent of the peoplesaid Mrs.Robinson s decision will influence grandparents in the Americ

27、an family.解析：according to 意为“根据，按照”，为固定短语，故本空应填to。考例 2 It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome,Alaska.The town was cut off fromthe rest of the world due heavy snow.解析：due to 意为“因为，由于，为固定短语，故本空应填to。七、强化训练()单句填空1.Consistency is key a good nights sleep,especially when it comes towaking up.2.Armed with tw

28、o over-packed suitcases,I arrived at the airport just time formy flight.3.The review explains that smell is unique in its effects the brain.4_the other hand,negative thinking will only cause more depression in yourlife.5.There is a famous quote that reads,A healthy body leads a healthymind.6.If I ha

29、ve saved any children,it is because him.7.But in modern societies,the old can also learn the young.8.time of anger,do yourself a favor by releasing(释 放)it in a quiet place.9.my amazement,I did find some interesting books.10.The history of people planting and using bamboo can date as far as 7000years

30、.(二)语法填空Tooth decay(蛀 牙)is a major health problem for billions of people around the world.According to a recent study,a third of the worlds population,1 (be)suffering frombad teeth.In addition,the milk teeth of about 600 million children are also affected.Experts estimate that 200 million new 2(case

31、)come up every year.While most dental problems start during childhood,there are many adults 3 suffer from tooth decay.Researchers 4 (conduct)theirstudies between 1990 and 2010.According to the study Latin America,Northern Africa and the Middle East are themost5(affect)regions.In the Baltic state alm

32、ost 70%of the population have some formof tooth decay.The study suggests that once a child suffers from decaying teeth theproblem will continue into adulthood.While most _ 6(treat)concentrates on children adults are not given enough attention.Untreatedteeth can lead to 7 number of diseases,including infections,ear and throat pain.Dentists state that peoples diets are the main cause_ 8 bad teeth.They recommend_ 9(avoid)snacks and sugary soft drinks.Besides,they suggest visiting the dentist twicea year 10 brushing your teeth at least twice a day.