讲义大学英语自学教程(上下).pdf

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1、UnitlText A How to Be a Successful Language Learner?搭配：1.disagree w ith 不同意/动词词组2.guarantee sth.for s b.保证某人某事/动词词组e.g.This will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.这样不能确保每一位学习语言的成年人都成功。3.be different from 与什么不同/形容词词组4.succeed in sth./doing s t h.成功做某事/动词词组5.offer advice to s b.给某

2、人建议/动词词组6.play with s t h.轻松学习某事物/动词词组7.in many w a y s 再很多方面/介词词组8.depend on sb./sth.for s t h.依靠某人或某事而获得某事/动词词组9.discover ones own way to do s t h.发现并用自己的方法做某事/动词词组10.instead of sth./doing s t h.想反/而没有做某事/介词词组11.wait for sb.to do s t h.等待某人做某事/动词词组12.look for sth./sb.寻找某人或某物/动词词组13.make a mistake

3、犯错误/动词词组14.be afraid to do s t h.害怕做某事/形容词词组15.be willing to do s t h.愿意做某事/形容词词组16.do sth.with a p u rpose有 目的地做某事/故意做某事/动词词组17.be interested in sth./sb.对某人或某物很感兴趣/形容词词组municate with s b.与某人交流/动词词组19.learn from s b.想某人学习20.might do well to do s t h.最好做某事句型：1.S.+V.+it+adj.+to do s t h.形式宾语句型n.e.g.So

4、me people find it difficult to succeed in language learning.Some people find it difficult to succeed in other fields.They find it easy to practice using the language regularly.2.It is+adj.+for sb.+to do s t h.形式主语句型e.g.It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the

5、meaning of everyword.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learnfor them.语言点：1.success(n.)-successful(adj.)-succeed(v.)成功2.hundreds of people与 eight hundred people：请注意有数词存在后，表量名词的变化。3.advice/information为不可数名次。不能有复数形式。4.practice doing sth.练习做某

6、事5.less than+adj.不怎么+形容词的含义 11：less than happy 不怎么开心阅读技巧：1.conversely2.on the other hand这两个词出现时，下文所讲内容将与上文所提内容截然相反。Text B Language搭配：1.with the help o f 在什么的帮助F2.at a ta b le 坐在桌旁（准备就餐）3.in this way 这样4.mean to do s t h.本意是想要做某事5.not at all+adj.一点也不+相容词的含义e.g.not at all thirsty 一点也不渴6.as you see 可见7

7、.consist of 包括，组成8.put sth.into s t h.把什么融入什么句型：1.not only.but also.不 彳 旦.而.目.e.g.We can do it not only with the help of words,but also in many other ways.我们不但可以在语言的帮助卜,还可以用其它的方式来告诉别人我们在想什么。2.neither.nor既不也不e.g.People who can neither hear nor speak talk to each other with the help of their fingers.既

8、不能听也局能说的人也可以用他们的手指来彼此交流。3.each tim e每 一 次（连词：用来连接两个句子）e.g.He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink.每一次服务员给他拿来喝的东西他都摇头。语言点：1.mean-meant;shake-shook;meet-met2.半系动词后加名词：look sad;keep silent3.说语言要用speak阅读技巧：for instance或 forexample后的文字是用来支持阐述上面所述文字的。Unit 2Text A Taxes,Taxes,

9、and More Taxes搭配：1.be sure o f 确保、一定、毫无疑问/形容词词组2.have a corner in/on s t h.垄断/动词词组e.g.have a comer on the textile market 垄断纺织市场have a corner in te x tile 对纺织品进行垄断3.lead the world with s t h.以什么来引领世界/动词词组4.vary in s t h.有差异 e.g.vary in ideas 想法有差异vary s t h.改变 e.g.vary your attitude 改变你的观点vary w ith

10、随什么而改变vary from sth./sb.to sth./s b.什么什么各不相同e.g.vary from person to person 人人不同 vary from place to place 每个地方各不相同5.sth.is d u e.到了该什么的时间了。e.g.The federal taxes are due.到了该收税款的时间了6.be similar t o 与什么一样/形容词词组7.buy sth.for+多少钱/动词词组 e.g.buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents.8.in addition to s

11、th./doing s t h.除了(表示加的概念)/名词词组e.g.In addition to teaching,she is in charge of managing the whole school.In addition to his flat in Chaoyang,he has anther flat in Haidian.9.in two fo rm s 以两种形式10.charge on s t h.收取什么的费用e.g.charge on cars in a c ity.收取城内汽车的费用。be charged w ith 被控诉有某种罪行；be charged by s

12、 b.山某人收取费用charge for 收取多少价钱 e.g.How much do you charge for this car?这辆车你要多少饯？in charge 负责 e.g.Who is in charge here?谁在这负责？11.raise funds for 为什么筹集资金 e.g raise funds for education 为教育筹集资金。plain about sth./sb.抱怨某人或某事/动词词组；complain of sth.述说病情13.spend sth.in doing sth.;spend sth.on s t h.花费时间；金钱；精力做某事/

13、动词词组14.have different views on sth./sb.对某人或某事有不同观点/动词词组15.tend to do s t h.倾向做某事;16.agree on sth.同意做某事；agree with s b.与某人意见一致语言点：1.salary 工 资(n.)-salaried 工 资 的(adj.)2.a percentage o f 表示抽象概念；数字+percentof表示多少的百分比3.work表示工作没有复数；works表示工厂或著作Text B Advertising语言点：1.part o f某整体中的一部分(可大，可小；但不可分割)；a part

14、o f 某整体中很小的一部分2.on radio/television 通过收音机/电视3.sth.is available.可以提供某物搭配：1.attract sb/s attention吸引某人注意/动词词组2.for the most p a r t 很大程度上，在大多数情况下，一般地说/作插入语3.persuade sb.To do s t h.劝说某人做某事/动词词组4.put out a d s.做广告/动词词组5.A is characteristic of B A 是 B 的特征e.g.Quick speech is characteristic of m e.讲话快是我的特

15、征。6.catch the e y e 吸引某人/动词词组7.no more than 仅仅 e.g.What he said is no more than rubbish.他说的话仅仅是垃圾。8.identify with 把什么和什么联系起来 e.g.It is hard for me to identify his behavior with his thought.我很难把他的想法和他的行为联系起来。9.be carried over into 继续下去；遗留下去 e.g.The same techniques have been carried over intotelevisio

16、n a d s.同样的方法也运用在电视广告中。10.add sth.to sth.把什么加在什么上/动词词组；mix sth.and sth.把什么和什么融合在一起11.put up with 忍耐/动词词组e.g.How can you put up with a person of his s o r t.你怎么能容忍他那样的人？12.be responsible for sb./sth 为某人或某事负责/动词词组13.decide on sth.;decide to do s t h.决 定（做）某事/动词词组14.make an estimate of the costs 估计价值/动

17、词词组15.be involved in sth./doing 参与某事/动词词组Unit 3Text A The Atlantic Ocean搭配：1.separate A from B 把某人；或某物分开/动词词组2.keep sb.from doing s t h.使某人无法做某事；无法做某事/动词词组3.on the av erag e平均；below/above the average在什么的水平以下；上/介词词组4.furnish sth for s b.给某人提供某物/动词词组5.pile u p 折起，累计，若干车辆碰在一起/动词词组语言点：1.本课带宾补的动词：makee.g

18、.make early sailors unwiHing to do sth.（宾补）Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual.2.形容词的特殊用法：It is more than 4000 miles wide，形容词后置）On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep.3.形容词前有as,so,no,too,how等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词之后，如：e.g.We couldn,t do it in so short a time.She is too ki

19、nd a girl to refuse.Aids is so terrible a disease.He is too old a man to do that kind of job.4.suppose+句子二表示一种假设5.it takes/took+（某人）+多少时间+to do sth.花了某人多少时间做某事。It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.6.much可以用来修饰形容词的比较级。E.g.much better;much deeper.7.raise为及物动词，后可以加宾语，e g raise the pay.（增加

20、工资）；rise为不及物动词（其后不能加宾语，e.g.由 e sun rises in the east.注：宾语为名词，代词，动词的-ing.8.在一般名词所构成的专有名此前需要加定冠词。E.g.the Azores 亚苏尔群岛；the AUanlic Ocean 大西洋9.for用来连接两个句子的时候为并列连词，表原因。E.g.Here the water is quiet,for there is little wind.10.In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here.主

21、谓一致11.so that/such.that 句型：太.+句子e.g.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.我们现在有太多快速的旅行方式，因此大西洋看起来好像小了很多。So主要用来修饰形容词或副词；such则最终需要修饰名词。12.across为介词或副词，使用它时，句子中应该已有动词。E.g Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships.Cross 为动词，作谓语或跟在动

22、词不定式 to 后面。E.g.Columbus sailed for more than two months tocross it.Text BThe Moon搭配：1.be kept tied to sth./sb.离不开某人/紧紧的依附于某物2.face towards sth./sb.面向；face away from sth./sb,背向3.keep sth./sb.in mind 牢记于心4.be lighted up by s t h.被什么照亮5.speak o f 提及；说到6.reflect sth.on to s t h.把什么反射到什么上去语言点：1.半系动词（半系动词

23、后加形容词）：remain/stand/look/appear2.世界独一无二的事物前应该加定冠词。如：the earth,the world,the moon3.except,except for,besides 怎么区别？besides“除外，还有”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内。Have you got any clothes besides these?除 了这些衣服你还有另的吗？except不包括所引事物。常与no,none,nothing等否定词或all,everyone,everything等连用，但不可用于句首。They all went to the Summer

24、Palace except o n e.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。except for常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。The roads were clear except for a few cars.除儿辆小汽车外，路面很空旷。4.enough 作为副词时修饰形容词放在形容词后,adj.+enough for sb.to do sth.e.g.it is light enough for usto be able to see its outline.5.初次接触到带介词定语从句，如：The light by wh

25、ich we see the old moon does not come from the sun,but from the earth.“The old moon in the new moons arms is nothing but that part of the moons surface on which it isnight.There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.Which代指前面被修饰的名词，翻译时，就把which前的介词放在被修饰的名词前即可。如:The light by w

26、hich=by light 通过月光surface on which=on surface 在月亮上的表面several ways in which=in several ways 在很多方面6.感观动词see的特殊用法：see sb.do sth.c see sb.doing sth.前者表示看到了全过程，或者表示正在看到的动作。7.nothing but 表示仅仅 E.g.The money brought nothing but sadness.这笔钱仅仅带来了痛苦。Unit 4Text A Improving Your Memory搭配：1.focus on sb./sth.;be f

27、ocused on 集中；聚焦；关注/动词词组a focus of attention注意力/名词词组2.at all le v e ls在各个层次/介词词组3.make any sense to s b.对某人来说有意义；某人不明白某事/动词词组4.make a difference in sth./doing s t h.在什么方面有区别/动词词组5.ability to do s t h.有能力做某事；注：永远没有ability of doing sth./名词词组6.keep in random o rd e r顺序混乱/动词词组7.group sth.into s t h.把什么按什

28、么分组/动词词组8.as fo llo w s如下所示/副词词组9.needless to say 毋庸多言/作插入语10.refer to sth./doing s t h.提到、指的是、参考；refer back to 重提某事；refer sb.to sb.else 让某人去找另外 人 e.g.If he needs any further information,refer him to m e.如果他还需要了解什么情况，让他来找我。注：prefer更喜欢。11.relate sth.to/with s t h.把什么和什么联系在-起：可指物或事件。associate sb./sth.

29、with sb./sth.把某人或某事联系在一起：特指人。pare A with B 把 A 和 B 作比较/动词词组语言点：1.a number o f 表示许多，后面接可数名词复数；an amount o f 后接不可数名词2.形式主语句：it is/was+adj.+lo do sth.：to do sth.为真正的.主语，it为形式主语e.g.It is useful to know how these principles work.3.使役动词：make sb.do sth./help sb.do sth.4.Categorizing is another means of org

30、anization.注：动词的-ing 做主语；means 单复数同型5.In memorizing a number,you might try to associate it with familiar numbers or events.（注意介词后的动词形式）6.Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked tovisualize the items to be remembered.（注意动词不定式后使用被动态是山于item 和 remember

31、之间是被动关系）研究表明当人们被要求用形象的办法来记住东西的时候，各种记忆力都会得到明显的提高。Text B Short-term Memory搭配：1.in co n trast与此相反；conversely,on the other hand（阅读技巧：下文和上文的完全转折）2.over and over 一次又一次地/副词词组3.look up sth.in s t h.在什么中查找，查阅什么/动词词组4.repeat sth.to o n e se lf自言自语/动词词组5.study sth.with s t h.用什么来研究什么/动词词组6.turn on/tum off the

32、lights 开灯、关灯/动词词组7.be released from some place 被从什么地方放出/动词词组8.to begin w ith 首先，最初/副词词组语言点：1.时态问题：在时间状语、条件状语从句中，主句用将来时态，从句用现在时表示将来。E.g.If someoneinteirupts you,you will probably forget the number.2.ableunable3.Following the recording,the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remem

33、bered.注：Following=after;a 15-question test=a 15 questions：test;a five-year old boy=a five years old boy4.relate（联系）-related（相连的）-unrelated（不相关联的）Unit 5Text A Fallacies about Food搭配：1.be eager to do sth./be eager for s t h.渴望做某事/动词词组2.be supposed to do s t h.应该，被认为去做某事；it is supposed t h a t 人们认为3.be

34、 supplied to s b.把某物提供给某人4.substitute A for B 用 A 来替换B/动词或名词词组5.wash sth.down s t h.用什么来流下什么/动词词组6.have to do with/have nothing to with/have much to do with 与某人或某事有关/无关/很有关语言点：1.阅读技巧：阅读时间如果很紧张的话，我们可以把两个逗号间的内容省略不看。2.使役动词：Eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer.Make 后用动词原形；同样 make 也是可以带宾语补

35、足语的动词，e.g.eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave.Think 也可以带宾语补足语。E.g.People thought tomatoes poisonous.3.may have done sth.表示对过去的推测 e.g.He may have cried yesterday.他昨天有可能哭了。She mayhave found a job last week.她有可能上个星期已经找到工作了。4.civil（国民的）-civilized（文明的）-civilization（文明）5.

36、it is/was thought that 有人认为6.eat-ate（过去时）7.Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up.Tomato 的复数形式需要在词末力U es.Idea grows u p.出现某种观点。8.冠词问题：World War II;the Second World War9.drink-drunk（过去分词）Text B Do Animals Think?搭配：1.a great d e a l非常/副词词组，放在动词后；a great deaf of+n.（不可数）大量2.be true with（of）sb./

37、sth.什么什么也是真的；如此/动词词组3.as w e ll也/副词词组，放在句末4.be engaged in sth./doing 忙于做某事/动词词组5.search f o r 寻找/动词词组6.in some respects在一些方面/介词词组7.take care o f 照顾/动词词组8.make improvement in 在哪方面取得进步9.by in stin ct本能地/副词词组10.think o u t 周密考虑/动词词组11.speak o f 说到/动词词组12.let sb./sth.o u t 释放/动词词组13.a variety o f 多种多样的/

38、表量词组14.have no knowledge of sth/sb./doing s t h.对什么人/什么事/做某事无所知/动词词组语言点：1.live（v.）lively（adj.活泼的）2.倒装句：hardworking as they are.此处的as表示allhough或 though,尽管的意思，但 用 as时，需要把形容词或副词放在句首+as+顺状语序。该句话翻译成：尽管他们很努力工作。E.g.Although Ilove you much,I still cant help you.可以转换成：Much as I love you,I still cant help you

39、.E.g.Thoughthis movie is very moving,I still cant afford time to see i t.可以转换成：Moving as this movie is,I stillcant afford time to see it.3.sober冷静的/严肃的；其比较级是more sober4.could have done/could have been done 本可以做或被做的事而没有做。could not have done/could not have been done 本不可能做或被做的事而作 了5.主语+is not long in d

40、oing s t h 做某事不会花很长时间6.难句：Many of things that animals know how to do they seem to know either without learning,or in someway which we cannot understand.词句话为倒装语 1 至，页装应为：They seem to know many of thingsthat animals know how to do,either without learning,or in some way which we cannot understand.其中：ei

41、ther.or表示 要么要么.”把此句可以翻译成：它们似乎知道很多动物做事的方法，这些方法要么不是靠学到的，要么就是以我们所不理解的方式知道的。7.重要句型：We never see frogs engaged in sport.The owl always looks as if he were considering some important question.（as if 的句型里出现了虚拟语气，由于是对现在的虚拟，所以采用了系动词were的形式）Now,if he had had his wits about him,he would have known that there w

42、as no use inbuilding a dam where there was no water.（此句为对过去虚拟的句型，原则为if条件句型用助动词had加上动词的过去分词形式，主句用情态动词would等加上have done的形式；本句第二个had是 have ones w its这个词组的动词过去分词形式；另外,此处的therewas no use in 后面只能接动词的in g 形式）Animals think much while building their houses.（此句话为省略句型之所以用 building,一方面是因为在时间状语从句里省略了语主句相同的主语anim

43、als和系动词a r e,另一方面是因为animals可以发出build的动作，所以用主动的doing形式）They are said to do sth.据说.It is by this instinct that birds build their nests and beavers their dams and huts.（本句话为强调句型；划线部分为强调句型的基本配置，划线部分之间是被强调成分）The reason why.做某事的原因It is plain that+从句 很明显Their minds are so much unlike outs that they do not

44、know the difference between right andwrong.（此句为so.that句 型;unlike为 adj.表示不像）Unit 6Text A Diamonds搭配：1.change sth.into s t h.把什么变成什么/动词词组2.exist in 存在于/动词词组3.mass o f 团、堆、块/表量词组4.become popular with/among s b.受谁的喜欢，欢迎/动词词组e at a good tim e 适逢其时/动词词组6.be running o u t 渐渐用尽/动词词组7.handfuls o f 成 捧 的（东西）/

45、表量词组8.sort o u t 淘选出/动词词组语言点：1.be made from sth.指 slh.已看不出原材料（如酒是高粱做的）；be make of sth.指 sth.可以看出原材料（如桌子是木头做的）2.it is thought that+从句 人们认为3.good enough for doing s t h.好到可以做某事4.experience（n./v.）-experienced（adj.有经验的）5.be classed a s 被作为什么而分类/动词词组6.the former.the latter 前者，后者Text B The Difference betw

46、een Plants and Animals搭配：1.tell A from B 辨别/动词词组2.be satisfied with sb/sth./doing s t h.对什么/某人表示满意/动词词组3.take p la c e 发 生（无法阻止的事情）/动词词组4.lie i n 存在于/动词词组5.live on s t h.靠什么而生存/动词词组6.work w onders创造奇迹/动词词组7.take in the ric h e s吸取精华/动词词组8.suck u p 吸收，吸取/动词词组9.be different from 与什么不同语言点：1.There are m

47、any plants which have neither roots nor leaves nor flowers,while there are some animalswhich seem to have all three,（neither.nor 句型表示两者都彳）e.g.People who can neither hear norspeak talk to each other with the help of their fingers.（并歹ij动词）；My doctor told me I should neithersmoke nor drink.（并 歹!J动词）；Sh

48、e neither knows nor cares what has happened to her ex-husband.（并歹ij动词）2.冠词问题：The blue haze,like smoke,is the dividing line between the heavens and the earth.（世界上独一无二的东西）。3.You may look at a group of cows standing under the trees or catch a bee at his early drink in amorning-glory bell.Look a t 为感官动词

49、，其后可以加动词原形，也可以用动词的ing形式。用动词原形表明看到了全过程，用动词的ing形式表示看到动作正在进行中。4.magnify.放大）一magnifying glass（ad j.放大镜）5.puzzle（v.使迷惑）一puzzling（adj.某事/某人/给某人造成了迷惑的情感）一puzzled（adj.自身感到很迷惑）6.stomach的名词复数形式为stomachs7.They see many things which most people would fail to see.fail to do sth.不能做某事8.主谓一致问题：分数或百分比后面的谓语动词采用何种形式要

50、看其后紧跟的名词，如所跟名词为可数名词复数，则谓语动词采用复数形式；所跟名词为不可数名词，则谓语动词采用单数形式。是就近原则的一种 o E.g.We now know that about one fourth of all the kinds of seaweed are animals.9.be to do sth.是将来时的一种，表示命令或计划做某事10.Animals can live only on whal plants have already turned from inorganic to vegetable matter.（以后在名词型从句处做具体讲解）11.No bird