2022年全国乙卷高考英语试卷及答案解析.docx

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1、2022年全国乙卷高考英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有 两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分 7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选 出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每 段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A.1915.B918C915.答案是1. （1.5 分）What does the man want to do?A.Have breakfast.B.Take a wa

2、lk.C.Call his office.2. （1.5 分）What was George doing last night?A.Having a meeting.B.Flying home.C. Working on a project.3. （1.5 分）Why does the man suggest going to the park?A.Itz sbig.B.It s quiet.C.lt s new.4. （1.5 分）How does the woman sound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5. （1.5 分）Where is the man

3、 s table?A.Near the door.B.By the window.C.ln the comer.第二节（共15题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后 有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你 将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段 对话或独白读两遍。6. (3分)听第6段材料，回答第(1)、(2)题。(1) What are the speakers going to do tonight?A.Eat out.B.Go shopping.C.Do sports.(2

4、) What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Boss and secretary.B.Hostess and guest.C.Husband and wife.7.(3分)听第7段材料，回答第(1)、(2)题。(1) Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?A.Their business is slow.B.The weather is favorable.C.It s easy to hire people.(2) How will they ha

5、ndle the moving?A.Finish it all at once.B.Have the sales section go first.C.Do one department at a time.8. (4.5分)听第8段材料，回答第(1)至(3)题。(1) What did Peter learn from his grandfather?A.How to appreciate art works.B.How to deal with artists.C.How to run a museum.(2) What did Peter do in Chicago?A.He studi

6、ed at a college.B.He served in the anny.C.He worked in a gallery.(3) Whose works did Peter like best?A. Rembrandts.B.Botticellis.C.Rubens,.9. (6分)听第9段材料，回答第(1)至(4)题。(1) Where does the conversation take place?A.At a library.B.In a law firm.C.On a train.(2) By what time did John plan to finish his ter

7、m paper?A.March.B.August.C.October.(3) Why did John quit his part - time job?A.He had to catch up with his study.B.He was offered a better one.C.He got tired of it.(4) What is Susan s attitude to John/ s problem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.10. (6分)听第10段材料，回答第(1)至(4)题。(1) What did the spea

8、ker do before the year 2012?A.A fitness coach.B.A chess player.C.A marathon runner.(2) Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?A.He was motivated by Bolt.B.He broke a world record.C.He won fifth place.(3) Which is the hardest for the speaker?A.Getting over an injury.B.Doing strength trai

9、ning.C.Representing Botswana.(4) What is the speaker mainly talking about?A.His plan to go fbr the gold.B.His experience on the track.C.His love fbr his home country.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40）第一节（共15题；每题2分，满分30分）阅读下 列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。11. （6 分）AHenry Raeburn （1756 - 1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibi

10、tion of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland*s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn comes to London.Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait （肖像画）

11、 Gallery presents a series of lectures fbr the general public.They are held in the Lecture Room.Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to RaeburnRacbum*s English ContemporariesSunday 26 Oct., 15.00Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10DUNCAN THOMSONJUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation inRaeburn and A

12、rtisfs Training in theRaeburns Portraits18th CenturyThursday 6 Nov., 13.10Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONMARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday - Saturday 10.00 - 17.45 Sunday 12.00 - 17.45Last admission to the exhibition： 17.15.There is no re - admission.Closed： 24 - 26 December and 1 Janua

13、ryAdmission4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full - time education, up to and including those at first degree level in organised groups with teachers.(1) What is the right time

14、for attending Raeburns English Contemporaries? A.Sun.26 Oct.B.Thurs.30 Oct.C.Thurs.6 Nov.D.Thurs.13 Nov.(2) How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A. 4.B. 8.C. 12.D.16.(3) How can full - time students get group discounts? A.They should go on Sunday mornings.B.They shou

15、ld come from art schools.C.They must be led by teachers.D.They must have ID cards with them.12. (8 分)BIn 1916 two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y. - Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood - traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one - room schoolhouse

16、.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted ： The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West

17、 by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff s granddaughter.Why did they go then? Well they wanted to do something useful.Soon however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them had little privacy, rare baths， and

18、 a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings， Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold.In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden*s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on

19、feminism， which of course influenced the girls* decision to go to Elkhead.A hair - raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy s return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good

20、 storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍)of the people move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top： nWhen the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow w

21、as marked only by small animals： foxes coyotes mice and varying hares which turned white in the winter.(1) Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? A.To teach in a school.B.To study American history.C.To write a book.D.To do sightseeing.(2) What can we learn about the girls from parag

22、raph 3? A.They enjoyed much respect.B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids.D.They suffered severe hardships.(3) Which part of Wickendenfs writing is hair - raising? A.The extreme climate of Auburn.B.The living conditions in Elkhead.C.The railroad building in the Rockies.D.

23、The natural beauty of the West.A.A news report.B.A book review.C.A children s story.D.A diary entry.13. （8 分）CCan a small group of drones （无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year ? That is the very likely fut

24、ure of applying today s eyes in the sky technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure （基础设施）worldwide are safe fbr trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high - tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to i

25、nspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected , the more railway safety , reliability and on - time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would

26、be more efficient （高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.lt is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to i

27、nspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher - value services fbr railways , detecting faults in the rail or switches , before they can cau

28、se any safety problems.To perform these tasks drones fbr rail don*t need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept： the rail drones of the ftiture.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors an

29、d AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co - pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast - moving trains would be able to reactin time.(1) What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A.The use of drones in checking on powe

30、r lines.B.Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Dronesr reliable performance in remote areas.(2) What does maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.0.Construction of infrastru

31、cture.(3) What function is expected of the rail drones? A.To provide early warning.B.To make trains run automatically.C.To earn profits for the crews.D.To accelerate transportation.(4) Which is the most suitable title fbr the text? A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones

32、Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways14. (8 分)DThe Govemmenfs sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.First announc

33、ed in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5 g of sugar per 100 ml was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖).It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the d

34、isease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520 m a year fbr the Treasury.However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate 240 m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It comes after more th

35、an half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufocturers (制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers* efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.Since April drinks companies have be

36、en forced to pay between 18 p and 24 p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change fbr fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices, milk - based dri

37、nks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1 m litres per year.Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds fbr sports facilities (设施)and healthier eatin

38、g in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.(1) Why was the sugar tax introduced? A.To collect money fbr schools.B.To improve the quality of drinks.C.To protect childrens health.D.To encourage research i

39、n education.(2) How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A.They turned to overseas markets.B.They raised the prices of their products.C.They cut down on their production.D.They reduced their products* sugar content.(3) From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A.Most alc

40、oholic drinks.B.Milk - based drinks.C.Fruit juices.Classic Coke.(4) What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A.It is a short - sighted decision.B.It is a success story.C.It benefits manufacturers.D.It upsets customers.第二节(共5题；每题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空 白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

41、选项。15. (10 分)Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain (保持)long - distance friendships.Set a regular dateLong - lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another.With busy schedules, squeezin

42、g in phone calls can be a challenge. (1) .More isn t always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best fbr you both. (2 ) .There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice me

43、ssages or having a group chat.Practise empathy (共情)(3) .The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. (4) Anniversaries and

44、birthdays carry even more weight in long - distance friendships.Although technology might make day - to - day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by yo

45、u.Don t rely on technology alone(5)9 but long - distance friendships - even close ones - may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it ? Just spend face - to - face time together whenever possible.A.Remember important datesB.Compensate by writ

46、ing lettersC.It is also helpful fbr you to be a friendship keeperD.Try to find a time that works fbr both of you and stick to itE.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG.You may be the friend who left or t

47、he one who was left behind语言知识运用(共两节，满分45)第一节(共20题；每题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面 短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 16. (30 分)Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them there s something highly exciting about (1) someone else s glance and making oneself unable to be seen

48、.However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ( 2 ) at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies (3) .For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was (4) as evidence that children are hopelessly egocentric” (自我中心的)creatures.But our (5) research results in child developmental psychology (6) tha