考研GCT口语交际解析.pdf

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1、第 一 章 口 语 交 际一、题型分析1.考试要求及考试范围根 据 在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试大纲的有关规定，暂时取消听力测试，口语交际的测试采用书面形式进行。其要求是：“能用英语进行日常会话。对于生活、学习和工作中的常见英语会话,能理解会话的情景、说话人的意图和对话的含义。能适当进行交际。能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法。”口语交际分为两部分：完成对话(Dialogue Completion)和对话理解(Dialogue Comprehension)。(1)完成对话部分 重点是考查考生的语用能力。即：在不同的场合，或者在不同的语境下，考生能够正确地进行交流，能够选择恰当的语句完成对话

2、。如：A:Beach Motel.May I help you?B：_A.Thank you.Fd like to make a long distance call to New York.B.Yes.We need a double room for this weekend.C.Sorry.I dont think you can help us.Thank you anyway.D.All right.My name is David Jones and my room number is 301.本题是测试考生判断对话场景并运用英语进行交际的能力。A的话已经为考生提供了对话的场景，即

3、汽车旅馆接待员在接听电话，并主动询问对方是否需要提供服务。对方可以明确表示需要提供的服务项目，因此B项中：“是的，我们本周末需要订一个双人间。”符合该对话的场景，应为正确答案。A项在旅馆接待人员还没有提供服务前就表示感谢，不符合该对话场景；C项说话人本来是打电话给汽车旅馆，而自己又说：“对不起，我认为你帮不了我”显然是自相矛盾；D项说话人没提出需要帮助的内容而是在介绍自己的姓名与房间号，也不符合该对话的场景，因此都不对。(2)对话理解部分重点是考查考生的对话或语用理解能力。特别是英语口语中的常用习惯用法以及一些固定的句型结构。如：Man:Mark takes advantage of ever

4、y opportunity to get close tothe CEO.Woman:Everyone knows he wants to fly high.Question:What does the woman imply?A.Mark wants to travel by air.B.Mark likes the CEO very much.C.Mark is greatly interested in power.D.Mark can seize opportunities in time.fly high是一个习惯表达方式，其意思是“有雄心壮志”。所以，C项的意思与这个习语最接近。口

5、语交际这两部分的考试项目要求考生具备日常会话的语用知识和相应的日常语言交流的能力。这些知识和交际能力应该包括：问候、询问、介绍、致谢、致歉、赞扬、抱怨、问询、约会、看病、购物、送行、建议、要求、打电话等。此外，考生还需要掌握一定的有关英语口语中常见的习惯用法。如：Its a short cut（近路）to the railwaystation.Its not my cup of tea.（不是我的强项或专长）。”等。2.对话的命题方式口语交际部分的命题方式大致可以分成三类：（1）语境题 这类题包括人们日常生活中可能遇到的各种交际活动，如：打招呼、祝贺、购物、接送客人等。如：“Nice to m

6、eet you.”“Good morning.Whats the matter?”等。例如：Speaker A:He l l o,May I help you?Speaker B:Yes,this is Jack Kordell.May I speak to ElaineStrong,please?A.W ho are you?B.Ultimate Computers.C.W ho is speaking?D.I m the secretary.此处大家如能从对话中看出这是一个电话对话，就可知道接电话者在接电话时首先要自报家门，即报出自己所在机构、单位的名称。故答案为Bo(2)习语题 这类题主

7、要是人们日常活动中用到的一些短语和习语。如：be right on target,v on the spot,haste makes waste”等。(3)结构题Man:You will get a vote from Lora?Woman:She is too young to vote.Question:What does the woman mean?这个对话中有一个英语结构，即，too.to意思是“太而不能这道题主要是考查对话情景中双方使用的句子结构是否符合对话的意义。二、复习要领一(-)口语交际部分的答题要领主要有以下几点1.理解对话的背景和场景对话的背景和场景对于正确选择答案是非常

8、重要的。如：A:Hi Mary,long time no see.B：_A.Hi John.Nice meeting you.B.Yes.Menu,please.C.Oh,I see.Ive lots of work to do here.D.Yes.Do you know Ive moved to a new apartment?在对话中，long time no see是在一段时间没有见面之后，在相逢的情景下使用的。所以回答需要首先确定对话的场景，之后选择D项。A项前半部分是 在 打 招 呼，而Nice meeting you是人们在分手时的客套话，不符合该对话的情景，因此不对；B项是在饭

9、店的情景；C项可能是在办公室或公司等处，所以与对话的场景不一致。2.理解对话的关键词和习惯用法口语交流中需要正确地理解对方的关键词和有关的习语。这些词和习语可以帮助我们确定对话的场景，作出正确的判断。如：A:May I see your driving license and vehicle registration card,please?B：_A.Sorry,I forgot to bring my homework.B.Good.Here is my business card.C.Sure.Did I do anything wrong?D.Yes.But I dont think I

10、 m a bad student.该题的关键词是driving license（驾照）。了解这个关键词后，就可以排除，“对不起，我忘记带作业了”；“这是我的名片”；和“我不认为我是个坏学生”。因为这三 句 与driving license都没有联系。再 如：Man:I had a quarrel with Mary.She said that she hated mecoming back home late.Woman:You need to put your cards on the table.Question:What does the woman mean?A.The man sho

11、uldnt quarrel with Mary.B.The man should go home earlier.C.The man shouldnt play cards in the evening.D.The man should talk about the problem openly.在对话中put your cards on the table是个习语，意思是，”公开谈论；摆到桌面上来”。了解了这个习语的意义，再借助上下文，就可以比较正确地选择答案了。3 .采取排除法答题考试过程中，经常采用的一种答题方法是“排除法”。即，将不可能的选项一一排除。先排除最不可能的选项，最后确定答案

12、。如：M a n:W h ich w a y is A is l e （通道）6 A?W o m a n:.M a n:G r e a t.T h a n k y o u.A.I n t h r e e m in u t e sB.O n e m o m e n t p l e a s eC.F o u r b l o cks a w a yD.T w o r o w s t h a t w a y上文问的是6 A通道在哪里，A、B两个选项说的都是时间，可以直接排除，C项中的b l o c k s说的是街道，也可以排除，所以答案为D o4 .注意中英表达方式的异同,有时选项中会有一些汉语式的表

13、达方式，这些选项基本可以马上排除，因为我们不是在考汉语。例如:48.Friend A:This meal is on me.Friend B:Thanks,but isn t it my turn to treat you?A.It s none of your businessB.I 11 treat youC.I invite youD.My pleasure考点：中英表达方式的差异。因为C 项 是“我请你”的直译。再如:46.Man:Do I have the pleasure to buy you a drink?Bill:.A.It s your pleasureB.It s ver

14、y kind of youC.You,re too nice to meD.You spend money againC 项“你对我太好了”D 项“又让你破费了”都是汉语的表达方式。以下以2006年联考真题为例，分析一下口语交际的考查要点。1.Speaker A:Excuse me.But can you tell us where the conference is?Speaker B:.The conference room is located on the third floorof the hotel.A.Of course,sir.B.Yes,please.C.Right,sir.

15、D.You are welcome.分析：在本题中，从A 方的问话“请问你能告诉我大会在哪儿开吗？“，可以判断出对话的情景是问路，向对方打听会议场所。从B 方回答的后半部分“会议室在宾馆的三楼”看，他知道大会场所，能回答A 方的问题，所以答案为A.Of course,sir.“当然，先生”。其它三个答案中，B.Yes,please.是的，请吧”意在允许对方做某事；C.Right,sir.“对,先生”则是对对方说法的肯定;D.You arewelcome.你太客气了”则是接受对方感谢时常用的说法。2.Speaker A:_Speaker B:Im running a temperature,an

16、d feel sick.A.What can I do for you?B.What seems the trouble?C.What are you doing these days?D.How long has this been going on?分析：从 B 方的回答“我发烧了，感觉恶心”，可以判断出对话的情景是医生和病人的对话，B 方是病人，向医生描述自己的症状,那么A 方一定是问对方怎么了，所以答案为B.What seems thetrouble?“你哪儿不舒服？”其它三个答案中A.What can I do foryou?“需要帮忙吗？”是服务人员常用英语；C.What are

17、you doingthese days?“最近在忙什么？”是朋友聊天；D.How long has thisbeen going on?”这种情况有多久了？”也是大夫用语，不过是在听了病人叙述病情之后的问话。3.Speaker A:Nancy,you look very well.Speaker B:Thank you,Jane.You look wonderful.Your weekend swimmingmust have done good to you.Speaker A:.A.You think so?That9s encouraging.B.That5s very kind of

18、you.C.Are you serious?Thank you,anyway.D.Are you kidding?I dont believe it.分析：在本题考查的是致谢用语的掌握。对于别人夸奖、赞美之辞，中国人虽然喜欢听，但总要谦虚一番，先是A 方(简)夸 B方气色好(look very well),B 方(南希)夸简气色也不错(lookwonderful),接着分析了原因“你的周末游泳肯定很有好处”。这是两个朋友见面常聊的话题，B 方听了朋友的话该是什么反应呢？我们来看一下四个答案的意思：A.You think so?That?sencouraging.“你真的这样想？太令人鼓舞了。”

19、听说自己的游泳有效果而喜出望外，符合语境。B.Thats very kind of you.“非常感谢”，语义似乎也对，但语用不当。Its very kind of you”是得到对方帮助或善意时表达谢意的用语；C.Are you serious?Thank you,anyway.“当真?不管怎样还是谢谢你。D.Are you kidding?I dontbelieve it.“你在开玩笑吧？我不相信。”C、D 两项都是质疑对方的说法真实性，D 语气更加强烈，不符合情景。4.Speaker A:It took me ten years to build up my business.And i

20、t almostkilled me.Speaker B:Well,you know what they say:.A.There is no smoke without fire.B.Practice makes perfect.C.All roads lead to Rome.D.No pains,no gains.分析：在本题中，从 A 方的说法”建起这项业务花了我10年的时间，差点要了我的命”可以判断出他的生意(business)肯定不错，只是来之不易。B 方说“好了，你知道有句古话说 四句谚语(A.Thereis no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。B.Practi

21、ce makes perfect.熟能生巧。C.All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。D.No pains,no gains.不付出就没收获)中，显然只有D 才符合上下文的语境。本题不是情景类对话，而是常用谚语的掌握。5.Speaker A:Dont you smoke?Speaker B:.A.No.Nothing interests me less than smoking.B.Yes.I have never smoked in my life.C.No.only once in a while.D.Yes.And I hate others smoking in

22、 my face.分析：在本题中的考点是反义疑问句的回答，B、C、D 明显矛盾。以下是2009年 GCT 口语表达部分41.Speaker A:Thanks to John,weve lost our most important client.Speaker B:Tve told you hes not proper for the position.Speaker A:.AI should have listened to you B I dont really agree with youC It doesnt matter.I trust him D Thank you for bei

23、ng so helpful42.Greg:Hey,Merlin.Td like to ask you a question.Me r l i n:.Greg:Well,Tm thinking about to Sweden.Whats the best time to go?A Sorry,Tm kind of busy.B Yes,go ahead.C Ok,whats up?D Yeah,whats on your mind?43.Woman:I need to buy a wedding gift for Jane and Desler.Man:Should we stop at the

24、 shopping center?W o m a n:.The weddings not until next week,but I wont havetime later to get them anything.A.Wont be necessary B.I suppose soC.Its your call D.If you insist44.Donald:Lets eat out,shall we?Mason:I am broke.Fve gone through my paycheck for the weekalready.Donald:Dont wor r y.A We can

25、find a way.B Lets split the bill.C Its my treat.D Just fast food.45.Teacher:Richard,class begins at 9,and you are late.Student:I know,but I missed my bus.Tm sorry.T e a c h e r:.You have to be here on time.A Thats no excuse.B Dont mention it.C You neednt be.D No problem.46.Speaker A:Hi.My name is Ma

26、rk.Tm from Houston,Texas.Speaker B:Fm Bill.Glad to meet you.What year are you?Speaker A:.AI was born in 1990.B Tve been here for years.C Tm a first-year student.D Im 19 years old.47.Speaker A:Tm getting pretty bored.We should do something despitethe rain.Speaker B:.What do you have in mind?A I back

27、you up.B Who cares?C I like the rain.D Im with you.48.Man:We had a trip to South Africa this summer.Woman:Man:Yes,we did.In fact,we even encountered a lion.A Didnt you?B How did it go?C I guess you did.D I bet you had a great time.49.Man:Do you know Jasons phone number?Wo m a n:.Man:OK.I might as we

28、ll look it up in the phone book.A Just a second.B Not that I know of.C Why ask?D I cant think of it now.50.Interviewer:Let me see if I understood you.You meant that you canwork extra hours if needed,right?I n t e r v i e w e e:.A Yes,no matter what you say.B Yes.Thank you for your clarification.C Ye

29、s.Absolutely.D Yes.You sure understand me.六、对话理解样题分析对话理解部分不同于以往听力理解，因为对话的内容和问题都已出现在试卷上，所以题目和选项的难度都增加了许多。考生需要理解字里行间的意思，听出弦外之音，理解说话人的真实意图以及口语中习语和惯用法。6.Woman:I just found at registration that the creative writing class is full.Now Ihave to wait a whole year to get in.Man:Why dont you check back after t

30、he first week?Somebody might drop it.Question:What does the man suggest the man should do?A.Make sure the registration office didnt make a mistake.B.Decide whether to drop the course next week.C.Find out if a place opens up in the course later.D.Take the course next year.本题考查对常见口语表达方式的理解。Why dont yo

31、u实际上是提出肯定的建议，为什么不呢？7.Woman:I want to talk with Tom now.Man:You cant do that.He is in bad mood.Question:Why cant the woman talk with Tom now?A.Tom is terribly ill.B.Tom is in low spirits.C.Tom is bad-temperedD.Tom is very nervous.本题考查对短语“in bad mood”的理解，be in bad mood=be in lowspirits意为“心情不好”“没心情”“没情

32、绪”（05样题考查对“mean”的理解）8.Woman:You often complain a lot about your boss.But today you are different.Man:We had a heart-to-heart talk and I saw him with my eyes.Question:What does the man mean?A.He saw his boss as a real person for the first time.B.He is now complaining in a different way.C.He has made

33、his boss change his attitude.D.He has changed his opinion of his boss.本题考查隐对男方回答的隐含理解（05样题第6 题也是如此）。男方的回答解释了自己态度转变的原因，也就肯定了女方的看法:Todayyou are different.9.Woman:May be we should take the front street this morning.Theannouncer said that the traffic is very heavy on the freeway.Man:Well,if he says to t

34、ake the front street,we should go the other way.Question:What does the man think of the announcer?A.Hes humorous.B.He makes no mistakes.C.He doesnt speak clearly.D.Hes unreliable.Well是个关键的信号词，在口语中用来引进一句话，填补对话间的间歇，表示说话人对方说法持有异议，或者犹豫不决，在心里搜索合适的言词表达自己想法。“如 果 他(announcer)说走前街的话，我们就应该走相反的方向。”说明他对广播员是信不过的

35、。10.Woman:I didnt see you at the concert last night.Whats wrong with you?Man:Thats not my cup of tea.Question:What does the man mean?A.He is not fond of concerts.B.He didntlike the tea at the concert.C.He left early to have some tea with somebody else.D.He doesnt want to tell the woman why he was no

36、t there.本题考查对短语“cup of tea”的理解，这是英语口语中一习用语，指的是“某人喜爱的人或物”;“not one飞cup of tea”当然就是“某人不喜爱的人或物”。男方是用此习用语解释自己昨天没去音乐会的原因：“那(音乐会)不是我喜欢的事。”对话理解5题，习用语就占了 2个，可见其考试频率之高。需要指出的是，不管谚语、习用语，都不在大纲词汇表中，但并不超纲。我们再来看一下大纲关于口语交际的要求：(1)能用英语进行日常会话。(2)对于生活、学习和工作中的常见英语会话，能理解会话的情景、说话人的意图和对话的含义，并能恰当地进行口语交流。(3)能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法

37、。这就要求我们在平日复习、学习过程中多加积累。(-)常用口语表达用语口语交际考试项目需要考生较好地了解常用的口语表达形式。下面总结了 27种不同语境情况下的口语表达用语，供考生复习参考。1.见面时的对话(1)Greetings1)Good morning.一Good morning.Good afternoon.一Good afternoon.Good evening.一Good evening.2)Hello.Hello.HiHi.3)How are you?Fine,(Very well,Not bad,)thank you.And you?Just so so.I have a head

38、ache.Not too well,I m afraid.4)Hows Bob?Hows the family?Hows everybody at the office?(2)Expressing surprise and pleasure in seeing someone1)Hello,Jack.Havent seen you for a long time(ages)!Howseverything going?2)Oh,hello,Wang.I m so glad to see you.Howre you doing?3)Hi,John!Nice to meet you here.How

39、 are you getting on?(Howare things with you?)4)Hi,Mary!Fancy running into you here!I ts great to see youagain.What have you been doing since I saw you last?2.分手时的对话(1)Announcing that you must be leaving1)Well,I must be off.Good-bye.一Good-bye.2)Fm afraid fve got to be going now.So long!So long!3)Well

40、,fve got to be running along.Cheerio!一Cheerio!4)I m afraid I must be going now.I t was nice meeting you.See youlater.一(I m)glad to have met you,too.Take care.5)Sorry,I ll have to be going.I ts getting very late.Good night.一Good night.6)Mr.Smith.Thank you for a pleasant evening.I must be goingnow.See

41、 you tomorrow.一I t was nice to have you,Mr.Chang.Good night.(2)When taking ones leave1)Well be sorry to see you go.I ts a pity youre leaving so soon.Were going to miss you,Mr.Smith.2)I hope youve enjoyed your stay in China.I certainly have.I shall never forget my visit to yourwonderful country.3)Tha

42、nk you for everything youve done for me during my stayhere.Youre welcome.4)I wish you a pleasant journey.Thank you.3.相互介绍时的对话(1)I ntroducing yourself1)May I introduce myself?Fm Chang Lan.2)How do you do?My name is Chang Lan.3)Mr.Jones,I believe?My name is Chang Lan.4)Hi,My name is.(2)I ntroducing so

43、mebody else1)Mr.Smith,this is Mr.Wang.2)May I introduce you to Mr.Wang,head of the FriendshipDelegation?3)Mr.Johnson,allow me to introduce you to Mr.Wang.Jack,I dlike you to meet my Chinese friend,Wang.(3)Exchange of formalities1)How do you do?一How do you do?2)(fm)glad to meet you.(I m)glad to meet

44、you,too.3)(I m)delighted to know you,Mr.Smith.(I m)equally delighted to meet you.4)(I m)very pleased to meet you.一The pleasure is mine.5)(I ts)nice to meet you.Same here.4.感谢与叵I答(1)Thank you(very much)1)Thanks(a lot).2)I ts very kind(thoughtful)of you!3)How kind(thoughtful)of you!4)(I m very)much ob

45、liged(to you).5)I m really very grateful to you.6)I shall always feel indebted to you.7)Thank you anyway(all the same).(2)Giving answers1)Dont mention it.2)Not at all.3)Youre welcome.4)Sure thing.5)I m very glad to have been of help to you.6)I m so glad you like it.7)Think nothing of it.8)Thank you

46、for the trouble you have gone to.-No trouble at all.I m always glad to help you.9)Thank you for your help.I ts been a pleasure(My pleasure.With pleasure).Fm afraid I havent done as much as I should.5.道歉与叵I答(1)Apologizing for being late or troubling somebody1)I m so(very)sorry,fm afraid I m late.2)So

47、rry for being late.You see,I was held up by the rain.3)I must apologize for being late.4)I hope I havent kept you waiting too long.5)Sorry to have kept you waiting.I ts perfectly all right.一Oh,it doesnt matter.一Not at all.6)I m sorry to have given you so much trouble.Not in the least.一Not a bit.一You

48、re welcome.7)I m sorry to have taken up so much of your time.Not at all.(2)Apologizing for having done something wrong1)I m sorry,I quite forgot.2)Pm sorry,I forgot all about it.3)I m sorry,its my fault.4)I beg your pardon.Did I hurt you?5)I m awfully sorry.I hope I havent hurt you.6)I m terribly so

49、rry.I hope it isnt broken.7)I must apologize for being so careless.8)I m sorry.I hope I havent spoiled it.Oh,its nothing.Dont let a little thing like that worry you.一Oh,its perfectly all right.Dont worry about it.一Oh,its quite all right.Forget it!一I t doesnt matter.I assure you,its nothing at all.一N

50、ot in the least.一Not a bit.一Never mind.-Please,dont apologize.I t was really my fault.6.请求许可或帮助与回答(1)Asking for permission1)May I come in?一Come in(please).一Do come in.2)May I open the window?3)May I help you?4)May I have a look?5)May I interrupt you?一Of course you may(can).-Yes.(certainly).By all me