2015职称英语理工类A级试题及答案.pdf

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1、2015职称英语理工类A级试题及答案职称英语考试 理工类A级阅读理解强化练习题(5)E a r l y o r L a t e r Da y Ca r eT h e Br i t i s h p s y c h o a n a l y s t J o h n Bo w l b y m a i n t a i n s t h a t s e p a r a t i o n fr o m t h e p a r e n t sd u r i n g t h e s e n s i t i v e “a t t a c h m e n t“p e r i o d fr o m b i r t h t

2、 o t h r e e m a y s c a r a c h i l d,sp e r s o n a l i t y a n d p r e d i s p o s e t o e m o t i o n a l p r o b l e m s i n l a t e r l i fe.S o m e p e o p l e h a v ed r a w n t h e c o n c l u s i o n fr o m Bo w l b y*s w o r k t h a t c h i l d r e n s h o u l d n o t b e s u b j e c t e

3、d t od a y c a r e b e fo r e t h e a g e o f t h r e e b e c a u s e o f t h e p a r e n t a l s e p a r a t i o n i t e n t a i l s,a n dm a n y p e o p l e d o b e l i e v e t h i s.Bu t t h e r e a r e a l s o a r g u m e n t s a g a i n s t s u c h a s t r o n gc o n c l u s i o n.Fi r s t l y,

4、a n t h r o p o l o g i s t s p o i n t o u t t h a t t h e i n s u l a t e d l o v e a ffa i r b e t w e e n c h i l d r e na n d p a r e n t s fo u n d i n m o d e r n s o c i e t i e s d o e s n o t u s u a l l y e x i s t i n t r a d i t i o n a l s o c i e t i e s.Fo r e x a m p l e,i n s o m e

5、 t r i b a l s o c i e t i e s,s u c h a s t h e N g o n i,t h e fa t h e r a n d m o t h e r o fa c h i l d d i d n o t r e a r t h e i r i n fa n t a l o n e 一 fa r fr o m i t.S e c o n d l y,c o m m o n s e n s e t e l l sU S t h a t d a y c a r e w o u l d n o t b e s o w i d e s p r e a d t o d

6、 a y i f p a r e n t s,c a r e-t a k e r s fo u n dc h i l d r e n h a d p r o b l e m s w i t h i t.S t a t i s t i c a l s t u d i e s o f t h i s k i n d h a v e n o t y e t b e e nc a r r i e d o u t,a n d e v e n i f t h e y w e r e,t h e r e s u l t s w o u l d b e c e r t a i n t o b e c o m

7、p l i c a t e da n d c o n t r o v e r s i a l.T h i r d l y,i n t h e l a s t d e c a d e t h e r e h a v e b e e n a n u m b e r o f c a r e fu lAm e r i c a n s t u d i e s o f c h i l d r e n i n d a y c a r e,a n d t h e y h a v e u n i fo r m l y r e p o r t e d t h a t d a yc a r e h a d a n

8、e u r a l o r s l i g h t l y p o s i t i v e e ffe c t o n c h i l d r e n,s d e v e l o p m e n t.Bu t t e s t st h a t h a v e h a d t o b e u s e d t o m e a s u r e t h i s d e v e l o p m e n t a r e n o t w i d e l y e n o u g h a c c e p t e dt o s e t t l e t h e i s s u e.Bu t Bo w l b y,s

9、 a n a l y s i s r a i s e s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t e a r l y d a y c a r e h a s d e l a y e d e ffe c t s.T h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t s u c h c a r e m i g h t l e a d t o,s a y,m o r e m e n t a l i l l n e s s o r c r i m e 15o r 20 y e a r s l a t e r c a n o n l y b e e x

10、p l o r e d b y t h e u s e o f s t a t i s t i c s.W h a t e v e r t h el o n g-t e r m e ffe c t s,p a r e n t s s o m e t i m e s fi n d t h e i m m e d i a t e e ffe c t s d i ffi c u l t t o d e a lw i t h.Ch i l d r e n u n d e r t h r e e a r e l i k e l y t o p r o t e s t a t l e a v i n g

11、t h e i r p a r e n t s a n d s h o wu n h a p p i n e s s.At t h e a g e o f t h r e e o r t h r e e a n d a h a l f a l m o s t a l l c h i l d r e n fi n d t h et r a n s i t i o n t o n u r s e r y e a s y,a n d t h i s i s u n d o u b t e d l y w h y m o r e a n d m o r e p a r e n t s m a k eu

12、 s e o f c h i Id c a r e a t t h i s t i m e.T h e m a t t e r,t h e n,i s fa r fr o m c l e a r-c u ff,t h o u g he x p e r i e n c e a n d a v a i l a b l e e v i d e n c e i n d i c a t e t h a t e a r l y c a r e i s r e a s o n a b l e fo ri n fa n t s.词汇：p s y c h o a n a l y s t n.精神分析学家一心理分

13、析学家 i n s u l a t e v t.隔绝r e a r v t.抚养 p r e d i s p o s e易 导 致c a r e t a k e r n.照顾者，看 管 人e n t a i l v t.蕴涵i n fa n t n.婴儿 a n t h r o p o l o g i s t n.人类学家1.W h i c h o f t h e fo l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s w o u l d Bo w l b y s u p p o r t?A)Statistical studies should be carried out

14、to assess the positive effect of daycar for children at the age of three or older.B)Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.C)The first three years of one*s life is extremely important to the later developmentof personality.D)Children under three get used to the life at

15、 nursery schools more readily thanchildren over three.2.Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby，s work?A)Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.B)Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child，s development.C)A child sent to a day care center

16、before the age of three may have emotionalproblems in later life.D)Baby care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child，ss personality.3.It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in thatA)the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in

17、modern societiesB)a child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditionalsocietiesC)mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societiesD)children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in lateryears4.Which of the following statem

18、ents is N O T an argument against Bowlbys theory?A)Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children，s development.B)The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.C)The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditionalso

19、cieties.D)Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.5.Which of the following best expresses the writers attitude towards early daycare?A)Children under three should stay with their parents.B)Early day care has positive effects on childrens development.C)The issue is

20、 controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.D）T h e e ffe c t s o f e a r l y d a y c a r e o n c h i l d r e n a r e e x a g g e r a t e d a n d p a r e n t s s h o u l d i g n o r et h e i s s u e.答案解析l.C波比认为，孩子从出生到三岁这段时间是一个敏感的“依恋”期。三岁以下的孩子如与父母分开可能会给孩子的性格造成伤害，进而导致以后的情感问题。因此可以

21、认为波比会同意C.2.A C是波比的思想，而不是依据他的思想得出的结论，因此不对。第一段的第二句话说：一些人从波比的研究得出结论，日托要使父母和孩子分开，孩子三岁之前不应该送日托。因此A是正确答案。3.A第二段的第一句话说：人类学家指出，现代社会中父母与孩子之间的绝缘的爱的关系在传统社会中一般不存在。i n s u l a t e d（绝缘的）一词与A中的e x c l u s i v e （排他的）相呼应。文章只是在第二段的第一句中提到传统社会，仅从这句话不能推断出B、C、D.4.D第二段列出了三条论据反对波比的理论。这三条论据分别对应C、B、A.“父母们觉得眼前的后果难以应付”不是反对波比

22、理论的论据。5.C作者中立地报道了对日托的两种不同看法，并指出缺乏统计研究。特别是在第三段的第二句话中提出，日托是否会在15或2 0年后导致精神病或犯罪只能用统计的方法来研究。因此C是正确答案。职称英语考试 理工类A级阅读理解强化练习题（4）Co m m o n P r o b l e m s,Co m m o n S o l u t i o n sT h e c h a n c e s a r e t h a t y o u m a d e u p y o u r m i n d a b o u t s m o k i n g a l o n g t i m e a g o 一 a n d

23、d e c i d e di t s n o t fo r y o u.T h e c h a n c e s a r e e q u a l l y g o o d t h a t y o u k n o w a l o t o f s m o k e r s -t h e r e a r e,a ft e r a l la b o u t 60 m i l l i o n o f t h e m,w o r k w i t h t h e m,a n d g e t a l o n g w i t h t h e m v e r y w e l l.An d fi n a l l y i

24、t s a p r e t t y s a fe b e t t h a t y o u r e o p e n-m i n d e d a n d i n t e r e s t e d i n a l lt h e v a r i o u s i s s u e s a b o u t s m o k e r s a n d n o n s m o k e r s 一 o r y o u w o u l d n，t b e r e a d i n g t h i s.An d t h o s e t h r e e t h i n g s m a k e y o u i n c r e d

25、 i b l y i m p o r t a n t t o d a y.Be c a u s e t h e y m e a n t h a t y o u r s i s t h e v o i c e n o t t h e s m o k e r*s a n d n o t t h ea n t i-s m o k e r,s 一 t h a t w i l l d e t e r m i n e h o w m u c h o f s o c i e t y s e ffo r t s s h o u l d g o i n t ob u i l d i n g w a l l s

26、t h a t s e p a r a t e u s a n d h o w m u c h i n t o t h e s e a r c h fo r s o l u t i o n s t h a t b r i n gu s t o g e t h e r.Fo r o n e t r a g i c r e s u l t o f t h e e m p h a s i s o n b u i l d i n g w a l l s i s t h e d i v e r s i o n o f m i l l i o n so f d o l l a r s fr o m s c

27、 i e n t i fi c r e s e a r c h o n t h e c a u s e s a n d c u r e s o f d i s e a s e s w h i c h,w h e na l l i s s a i d a n d d o n e,s t i l l s t r i k e t h e n o n s m o k e r a s w e l l a s t h e s m o k e r.O n e p r o m i n e n th e a l t h o r g a n i z a t i o n,t o c i t e b u t a s

28、i n g l e i n s t a n c e,n o w s p e n d s 28 cen t s o f ever yp u bl i cl y co n t r i bu t ed do l l ar o n edu cat i o n”（m u ch o f i t i n an t i-s m o k i n g p r o p ag an da）an d o n l y 2 cen t s o n r es ear ch.T h er e wi l l al ways be s o m e wh o wan t t o bu i l d wal l s,wh o wan t

29、 t o s ep ar at e p eo p l e f r o mp eo p l e,an d u p t o a p o i n t,even t h es e m ay s er ve s o ci et y.T h e an t i-s m o k i n gwal l-bu i l der s h ave,t o g i ve t h em t h ei r du e,h el p ed t o m ak e u s al l m o r e k een l y awar eo f ch o i ce.B u t o u r g u es s,an d cer t ai n l

30、 y o u r h o p e,i s t h at yo u ar e am o n g t h e f ar g r eat es t n u m berwh o k n o w t h at wal l s ar e o n l y t em p o r ar y at bes t,an d t h at o ver t h e l o n g r u n,we cans er ve s o ci et y，s i n t er es t bet t er by wo r k i n g t o g et h er i n m u t u al acco m m o dat i o n

31、.W h at ever vi r t u e wal l s m ay h ave,t h ey can n ever m o ve o u r s o ci et y t o war d f u n dam en t als o l u t i o n s.P eo p l e wh o wo r k t o g et h er o n co m m o n p r o bl em s,co m m o n s o l u t i o n s,can.1.W h at do es t h e wo r d wal l u s ed i n t h e p as s ag e m ean?A

32、)A n t i-s m o k i n g p r o p ag an da.B)D i s eas es s t r i k i n g n o n s m o k er s as wel l as s m o k er s.C)R u l es an d r eg u l at i o n s t h at p r o h i bi t s m o k i n g.D)S ep ar at i o n o f s m o k er s f r o mn o n s m o k er s.2.I n p ar ag r ap h 4,yo u r ef er s t o _.A)s m o

33、 k er s B)n o n s m o k er s C)an t i-s m o k er s D)s m o k er s wh o h ave qu i t t ed s m o k i n g3.I t i s evi den t t h at t h e au t h o r i s n o t i n f avo r o f _.A)bu i l di n g a wal l bet ween s m o k er s an d n o n s m o k er sB)do i n g s ci en t i f i c r es ear ch at t h e exp en

34、s e o f o n e，s h eal t hC)br i n g i n g s m o k er s an d n o n s m o k er s t o g et h er D)p r o vi n g acco m m o dat i o n f o r s m o k er s4.A s i s s u g g es t ed,t h e co m m o n s o l u t i o n t o t h e co m m o n p r o bl em i s _.A)t o s ep ar at e p eo p l e f r o m p eo p l e B)t o

35、wo r k t o g et h er i n m u t u al acco m m o dat i o nC)t o m ak e u s m o r e k een l y awar e o f ch o i ce D)t o s er ve s o ci et y，s i n t er es t s bet t er5.A cco r di n g t o t h e p as s ag e,t h e wr i t er l o o k s u p o n t h e an t i-s m o k i n g wal l-bu i l der sact i o n s .A)o p

36、 t i m i s t i cal l y B)p es s i m i s t i cal l y C)u n co n cer n edl y D)s k ep t i cal l y职称英语考试 理工类A级阅读理解强化练习题(3)每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。Hi s O wn W ay t o E xp r es s L o veY es t er day was o u r t h r ee-year an n i ver s ar y.W e di dn，t do an yt h i n g r o m an t i c;we j u s twal

37、k ed h an d i n h an d an d t al k ed abo u t o u r p as t an d t h e f u t u r e.T h i s was p r et t y m u chwh at I h ad exp ect ed.A n dy i s an u n r o m an t i c g u y:n o s weet wo r ds o r r o s es.S m ar t as h e i s,h e i s a l i t t l e bi ts h y exp r es s i n g h i s l o ve.I n co n t r

38、 as t,I am an o u t s p o k en (直言不讳)g i r l wh o l i k es t os h o w h er f eel i n g s di r ect l y.S o n eedl es s t o s ay,I o f t en f eel t h at h e i s i n s en s i t i ve.Ien vy o t h er g i r l s wh o ar e s u r r o u n ded by s weet wo r ds.I was i n t h i s s u l l en m o o d u n t i l I

39、h ear d a beau t i f u l s en t en ce o n e day:I f o n e do esn o t l o ve yo u t h e way yo u l i k e,i t do es n o t m ean t h at h e do es n o t l o ve yo u.T h i s s i m p l ebu t s en s i bl e s en t en ce m ade m e t h i n k abo u t o u r h ap p y days an d r ecal l h i s deep co n cer nf o r

40、 m e.O n e co l d wi n t er n i g h t,I g o t a h i g h f ever.He h u r r i ed t o m y do r m i t o r y an d t o o k m e t ot h e h o s p i t al.He was i n s u ch a h u r r y t h at h e even f o r g o t t o wear s o ck s.A f t er ar r i val,h er an t h r o u g h t h e h o s p i t al h an dl i n g al

41、 1 t h e f o r m al i t i es （手续）.W h en I was p u t o n adr i p （点滴）,h e t o l d m e i n t er es t i n g s t o r i es t o m ak e m e h ap p y.B ei n g h el d i n h i s war mar m s an d l i s t en i n g t o h i s t en der （温柔的）vo i ce,I h ad n ever f el t s o s af e an dco m f o r t abl e.G r adu al

42、 l y,I f el l as l eep.W h en I wo k e u p 15 m i n u t es l at er,h e was s t i l lm u m bl i n g （咕哝地说）t o m e.He exp l ai n ed t h at i f h e h ad s t o p p ed t al k i n g I wo u l d h avewo k en u p.A t t h at m o m en t,I f o u n d l o ve i n h i s eyes.A n o t h er t i m e,I h ad a bad qu ar

43、r el wi t h m y bes t f r i en d.A l t h o u g h I k n ew i t was m y f au l t,Ir ef u s ed t o adm i t i t.I was ver y an g r y wh en h e i n s i s t ed I ap o l o g i z e t o h er.He s ai dt h at i t was di f f i cu l t t o adm i t a m i s t ak e,bu t t h i s was wh at ever yo n e s h o u l d do.T

44、 h en ext m o r n i n g,I ap o l o g i z ed t o m y f r i en d an d as k ed f o r h er f o r g i ven es s.M y u n r o m an t i c bo yf r i en d car es abo u t m y h eal t h l i k e m y f at h er,u n der s t an ds m y l i k em y m o t h er an d h el p s m e l i k e m y el der br o t h er.31.W h o i s

45、 A n dy?A.T h e wr i t er s f at h er.B.T h e wr i t er,s u n cl e.C.T h e wr i t er s el der br o t h er.D.T h e wr i t er，s bo yf r i en d.32.W h en di d t h e wr i t er an d A n dy f al l i n l o ve?A.T h r ee year s ag o.B.T wo days ag o.C.O n a co l d wi n t er n i g h t.D.A f t er a qu ar r el

46、.33.W h i ch s t at em en t i s t r u e o f t h e wr i t er?A.S h e l i k es r u n n i n g af t er r o m an t i c g u ys.B.S h e do es n o t l i k e s weet wo r ds.C.S h e l i k es exp r es s i n g h er f eel i n g s di r ect l y.D.S h e do es n o t l i k e r o s es.34.T h e wr i t er t el l s t h e

47、 r eader t wo s t o r i es t o s h o w t h atA.A n dy i s a r o m an t i c g u y.B.A n dy h as h i s o wn way t o exp r es s l o ve.C.A n dy i s an i n s en s i t i ve g u y.D.A n dy i s a f o o l i s h g u y.35.T h e wo r d“s u l l en”（p ar ag r ap h 3）co u l d be bes t r ep l aced byA.”ch eer f u

48、l”.B.cal m .C.g o o d”.D.“bad”.答案 3 L D 3 2.A 33.C 34.B 35.D职称英语考试 理工类A级阅读理解强化练习题（2）C h ar act er i s t i cs o f P u bl i ci t yP u bl i ci t y o f f er s s ever al ben ef i t s.T h er e ar e n o t co s t s f o r m es s ag e t i m e o r s p ace.A n ad i n p r i m e-t i m e t el evi s i o n m ay co s

49、 t$25 0,000 t o$5 000,000 o r m o r e p er m i n u t e,wh er eas a f i ve-m i n u t e r ep o r t o n a n et wo r k n ews cas t wo u l d n o t co s t an yt h i n g.Ho wever,t h er e ar e co s t s f o r n ews r el eas es,a p u bl i ci t y dep ar t m en t,an d o t h er i t em s.A s wi t hadver t i s i

50、n g,p u bl i ci t y r each es a m as s au di en ce.W i t h i n a s h o r t t i m e,n ew p r o du ct so r co m p an y p o l i ci es ar e wi del y k n o wn.C r edi bi l i t y abo u t m es s ag es i s h i g h,becau s e t h ey ar e r ep o r t ed i n i n dep en den t m edi a.A n ews p ap er r evi ew o f