考研完型笔记.pdf

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1、第一部分大红 花 词：however,.while,although小红花词：such as,particular,subject,available,tend to,turn out97.48The phenomenon provides a way forcompanies to remain globally competitive48 avoiding market cycles and the growingburdens 49 by employment rules,healthcare costs and pension plans.48.but while and wherea

2、s49.imposed restricted illustratedconfined06.14Many others,14 not addicted or mentallyill,simply lack the everyday 15 skillsneeded to turn their lives 16.14.when once while whereas15.life existence survival maintenance“简单词代入，通顺就选”“抓主干看搭配”02.23.the newspaper became the dominantpre-electronic 23.means

3、 method medium measure对等结构06.17Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notesthat the situation will improve only whenthere are 17 programs that address themany needs of the plex comprehensivecomplementary compensating04.22-25Theories 21 on the individual suggest thatchildren engage in criminal behavior 22

4、 theywere not sufficiently penalized for previousmisdeeds or that they have learned criminalbehavior through 23 with others.Theoriesfocusing on the role of society suggest thatchildren commit crimes in 24 to their failure torise above their socioeconomic status,25 as arejection of middle-class value

5、s.22.before unless until because23 interactions assimilationcooperation consultation24.return reply reference response25.or but rather but or else总分结构Changes in the social structure mayindirectly 29 juvenile crime rates.Forexample,changes in the economy that 30to fewer job opportunities for youth an

6、drising unemployment 31 make gainfulemployment increasingly difficult toobtain.29.affect reduce check reflectAnd题02.24As was discussed before,it was not 22 the19th century that the newspaper becamethe dominant pre-electronic 23,followingin the wake of the pamphlet and the bookand in the 24 of the pe

7、riodical.22.after by duringuntil23.means methodmediummeasure24.processformcompanylight08.7Together with another two scientists,he ispublishing a paper which not only 7that one group of humanity is moreintelligent than the others,but explain theprocess that has brought this about.7.advises suggests p

8、rotests objectsNot题All these conditions tend to increase theprobability of a child committing a crimeact,40 a direct causal relationship has notyet been established.provided since although supposing05.Humans are often thought to be insensitivesmellers compared with animals,thisis largely because,2 a

9、nimals,we standupright.although as but while第二部分表逻辑关系的（短语）介词表举例：such as,for instance,for example,like,to begin with,some.others.still others.表 并 列：or,and,not only.but also,either.or（或者，或者），neither.nor（既不，也不），as well as（不但 而且），along with（连同-起）表 递 进 补 充：also,similarly,besides,inaddition to,apart from;

10、aside from（除-之外还 apart from,aside from,other than（用于不包括的特殊人或事物之前）除-之 外（都）表 强 调：even,indeed,above all,in effect,in fact,in any case,in particular表让步：though,while,even if,nomatter.,admitting that.still,anyway,after all（毕竟）,despite,in spiteof（尽管）表转折：instead of,rather than（而不是）,infact,in effect表比较：1.对比

11、while,whereas（而，然而），unlike,by/in contrast,on the contrary,onthe other hand,by comparison,comparedwith,2.相彳以 like,likewise,similarly,in thesame way，correspondingly表因果：because,since,now that,in that,so/such.that,to such a degree that,given/considering（考虑至U）,because of,dueto,owing to,thanks to,on accou

12、nt of,inthe light of,in view of（考虑到，鉴于），as aresult,in consequence（因 止 匕）,thus,hence,then（那么）表条件：if，only if,unless,as long as,oncondition that（条件是），in case of,in the event of（如果发生）表目的：so that,in order to,so as to,forfear of（以免）表总结：on the whole（总的看来）,inshort（简而言之）,in general,in summary（总的来说）overall,ge

13、nerally,to put itsimply,弓 I 出新对象：concerning,with regard to,as for,as to,in terms of（就-而论，在方面）短语总结:tighten controls加强控制a draft bill法律草案lay down规定be entitled to有 的资格in the wake o随着；跟着in the company of和.在一起speed up（使）加速in perspective正确地in terms of根据；就.而言weigh against权衡give thought to考虑某事accommodate to使

14、适应于，顾忌adjust to适应a host of大量，许多let down使失望acquire a sense of commitment获得责任感the major contributing influence主要因素engage in参加，从事，忙于commit crimes犯罪be subject to criticism受到批评lead to导致in turn反过来说tend to倾向于compared with与比较，与相比be capable of有能力exposed to.接触range from.to.在 范围变化the bulk of大部分，主要部分be addicted

15、 to沉迷于；有瘾turn around（使）好转careers open to talent向有才能的人开放职位，以才取人a set of一套a rallying cry战斗口号be prepared to做好准备去做 work independently of any institution不隶属于任何机构at the thought of一想到（就）in question考虑之中的，被谈论着的originate from来自，源于the mean value of 100平均分100分contribute disproportionately to作出极大贡献a consequence

16、of.的结果result in导致it turns out that结果是 at the cost of以.为代价on the mind of sb某人有 想法run the labsfor what为了什么，用途above all首先be aware of意识到so far到目前为止end up(with)(以)结束as long as只要conduct experimentsperform experiments on sb进行试验a comparison with.与 相比hit a plateau达到稳定状态slacken off松懈pin down确定、证实produce sort-

17、term changesboost heart rate增强心率root in sth根源于flow from从流出；起因于，产生于react to对作出反应weaken the reputation损害名誉at the very least至少apply to适用于raise the question引发疑问a line between the court and politics 法律与政治之间的界限envision sth as sth视.为be free to do sth自由去做cultivate political support（力求）获得政治支持dismiss sth as.把

18、视作而不予考虑address doubts正视质疑02-12年真题选项词汇总结:means方法medium媒介，手段measure 措施in the process of 在 的过程中in the company of 与 一起in the light of 考虑到in the form of 以 的形式gather up 收集speed up 力 口 速work up逐步发展，引起pickup改善，捡起on继续out不在里面over穿过off离开of属 于 的for为了，因为beyond超出范围into进入in concept在观念上in dimension 在尺寸上in effect事实上

19、in perspective正确地，恰当地indeed的确hence因此brought by 由 带来followed by被 跟随，接着是stimulated by 被 刺激/激发characterized by 以 为特征apparent明显的desirable合意的，理想的negative否定的plausible（解释/借口）似乎有道理的institutional公共机构的，团体的universal全体的，普遍的fundamental基本的，根本的instrumental有帮助的，起作用的ability能力,本领capability 能力capacity容量，领悟力faculty官能，天

20、赋by means of凭借，依 靠（某种手段）in terms。就而言，从角度with regard to 关于in line with 与 一致context（事物发生的）环境，背景range（变化的）范围scope（处理、研究事物的）范围territory 领土regard看待impress给 留下深刻印象influence对 起作用e任ect使发生，导致competitive竞争性的controversial 有争议的distracting分散注意力的irrational不合逻辑的，不理性的above高于，在 之上upon在 之上against对比，与 相反with 与 一起give

21、sb an idea of 使某人明白give an opinion on/about/of sth 对某事发表意见give advice on/about sth 就 给出建议strengthen 力 口 强accommodate 顾及stimulate刺激，促使enhance增强，提高nutrition 营养leisure空暇，休闲assistance 帮助guidance弓|导，指导confidence 信心tolerance忍受，容忍claim声称admire赞赏，羡慕ignore忽略surpass优于，超过improper错误的，不适当的risky有风险的fair公平的，合理的wis

22、e明智的in effect实际上as a result因此，结果in a sense在某种意义上display 展示describe 描述create创造exchange交换，交流durable持久的excessive过多的surplus剩余的multiple许多的，多种多样的individual 个人personnel 职员corporation 公司consent 同意insurance保险业admission 获准进入security安全，安全感particularly 尤其barely仅仅，几乎不definitely明确地，清楚地rarely不常，很少if only要 是 就好了now

23、 that 既然so that以便，为了even i f即使，虽然let sb off从宽处理某人let sb down让某人失望let sb o u t使某人摆脱窘境let sb alone不打扰某人on the contrary 相反on the average 一般说来，平均而言on the whole大体上，总的来说on the other hand 另一方面make for走向，有助于stand fo r代表，象征plan for 策划take for 把 当做proficiency精通，熟练efficiency效力，效能act on依 据 行事rely on依靠center on以

24、 ,为中心comment on 对 一 作出评论interaction互动，交往assimilation 同化，融入cooperation 合作consultation 咨询in return for作为对 的回报in reply to作为对 的反应in reference to 关于in response to作为对 的反应，由于highlight使突出discard 抛弃immune免疫的，不受影响的resistant有抵抗力的sensitive敏感的subject易遭受的affect影响reduce减少check制止,控制reflect反映，显示point to 指向lead to通向，

25、导致come to 达到amount to共计达in general 通常on average 平均by contrast对比起来at length最后,详细地in case如果，以防万一in short简言之in turn因而，轮流地，反过来说in essence 本质上survive幸存，艰难度过notice注意到undertake承担，从事contrarily 相反地consequently 所以similarly同样地simultaneously 同时地heritage 遗产assessable可估价的，可评定的identifiable可确认的negligible微不足道的incred

26、ible难以置信的expense费用，代价restriction限制,约束allocation 分 酉 己availability可获得性incidence 发生率awareness 意识exposure暴露，揭露popularity 流行provided 如果supposing如果，假设limite限制commit承诺dedicated致力于confine 把 限定在miss未察觉，错过track跟踪distinguish 区分discover（出乎意料地）发现，了解determine查明，确定detect察 觉（细微或不易察觉的东西）dilute使变淡dissolve使溶解disperse

27、使分散diffuse传播，扩散particular 特定的unique 独无二的typical典型的，有代表性的sign标志stimuli刺激因素message 信息impulse冲动，动力at first 起初at all根 本,一 点 也（不）at large 全部at times 有时subject使遭受，使经受draw吸引，使感兴趣expose使暴露，使接触ineffective无效果的incompetent不能胜任的inefficient效率低的insufficient不充分的introduce介绍，推行summon召唤某人trigger引发，导致still仍然otherwise除此

28、之外，在其他方面nevertheless尽管如此be sure of 确信be sick of厌烦的be aware of察觉到be tired of疲倦的tolerate 容忍repel抵制，不愿接受neglect 忽视available可利用的reliable可信赖的identifiable可辨认的suitable合适的similar to 类彳以于 along with 与 一起aside from 除 以 外（还）stand忍受cope应付、处理approve 赞成retain保持，保留for为得到toward接近，将 近（完成某事）raise提高add添加take接受keep保持in

29、flate 膨胀expand扩张，扩大increase 增加extend延长，延伸predict 预测prove证明sustain维持，使持续dismiss不予考虑，摒 除（思想）lodging寄宿处shelter收容所dwelling 住处search搜索stroll散步，闲逛crowd挤满wander流浪，徘徊existence存在，生活方式survival 生存maintenance维修，保养turn around 使好转turn over（使）翻转turn on打 开（电流，煤气）turn u p开大，调 高（音量）complex复杂的comprehensive综合的，全面的compl

30、ementary 互补的compensating 补偿的put说，表达interpret诠释，解释assume假定，认为make it获得成功supervision监督，管理manipulation 控制,操控regulation 管理coordination 协作，配合native当地人inhabitant 居民peoples民族，种族individual 个人confusedly 迷惑地cheerfully兴高采烈地worriedly担忧地hopefully满怀希望地attain获得reject拒绝devoted投入的，忠诚的access to sth使用某物的机会权利succession

31、 to sth 继承right to sth 的权力return to sth 返回到 presumably据推测，大概incidentally顺便提及地origin起源impact影响reform改革allow许可，允许preach布道grant同意，授予fund资助，拨款as作为against 反对under受 领导spread扩散，传播interference 干涉，干预exclusion排斥，拒绝support 支持plea请求urge敦促，强烈要求intend打算expect期望promise 承诺controlling 控制的former以前的remaining现存的，残留的ori

32、ginal原来的，最初的tougher更强硬地contribute 贡献produce 产生prefer偏爱puzzled by为,迷惑的hostile to 对 抱有敌意的pessimistic about 对 悲观的unprepared for对 未准备好的be selected to do sth被挑选做某事be prepared to准备好做某事be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事be pleased to do sth 乐意做某事subsequently 随后presently 目前previously 以前lately近来at the thought of 一想至U

33、 at the sight of 一看至U at the cost of 以 为代价at the risk of W 的风险advise建议suggest 表明protest 抗议object反对in progress进行中的in fact事实上in need需要帮助的，在穷困中的in question讨论中的，考虑中的score得分calculate 计算unconsciously 无意识地disproportionately不相称地，不成比例地indefinitely不确定地unaccountably难以说明地，莫名其妙地mission 使命fortune运气，贝 才 富interest兴

34、趣，利益career事业，生涯affirm证明witness 见证observe 观察approve 批准given up to让给,陷入get over克服，解决carry on to持续到某一程度put down to 归因于assess评估supervise指导，监督administer 管理value重视consequence 结果instrument 工具link联系，连接integrate 融合weave编织combine结合，组合limit sb to将某人限定在范围内subject sb to使某人遭受或经历convert sb to使某人改变、皈依direct sb to指引

35、某人到 paradoxical看似荒谬的incompatible不相容的，不一致的inevitable不可避免的，必然的continuous持续的，连续的suppose 假定imagine 设想tend to do sth往 往 会（做某事）fear to do sth害 怕（做某事）happen to do sth碰 巧（做某事）threaten to do sth威 胁 要（做某事）thinner更薄的stabler更稳定的lighter更亮的，更轻的dimmer更暗淡的，更愚笨的tendency 趋势advantage 优势inclination倾向，意愿priority优先权insis

36、t on 坚持sum up总计turn out结果是put forward 提出spontaneous 自发的inevitable不可避免的gradual逐渐的invisible看不见的，隐形的feature 特征cost代价，成本deliver递送，演讲carry传送，携带perform履行，实施apply适用by chance 偶然in contrast 与 相反as usual照旧moderate 缓和overcome克 月 艮reach达到above all首先，尤其是after all 毕竟otherwise 否则fundamental 根本的comprehensive 综合的equ

37、ivalent 相等 的hostile敌对的by accident 偶然in tim e最终so far迄今为止better still 更好affect影响achieve 完成extract提取，获取restore 恢复end at在某时刻结束end u p最 终 处 于（意料之外的境况）,以一告终end with 以 结束end off结束controversial 有争议的perplexing令人费解的mischievous恶作剧的ambguous模棱两可的requirement 要求explanation 解释account描述，叙述assessment 评估conclde 推断mat

38、ter要紧indicate 表明work起作用as far as 至于for fear that 唯恐in case that 以防so long as 只要sentiment 情绪illusion 幻想suitable合适的excessive过度的abundant充裕的by oneself单独地convey传达consistent with 与 相致的parallel with 与 对应的peculiar to 特有的evidence 证据guidance 指导implication暗示，可能的影响source来源disputable有争议的enlightening给人启迪的reliable

39、可信的misleading 误导的duly适当地accidentally 偶然地unpredictably变幻莫测地suddenly突然地fail to do 未能做 cease to do 停止做continue to do 继续做 attempt to do 试图做choose to do 选择做break打破surpass 超过hit达到indicate表明，暗示stabilize 稳定boost促进，增进impair削弱，损害transmit传送，传递evaluate 评估measurable明显的，重大的manageable能处理的affordable便宜的，承担得起的renewab

40、le可更新的the opposite相反的结果the impossible难以实现的结果the average 平均值the expected预期结果harden（使）变硬weaken减弱tighten（使）变紧relax（使）放松aggravate恶化，加剧generate 造成moderate缓和，减轻enhance加强，提高physical身体的mental精神的subconscious 下意识的internal体内的，内心的exhaust耗尽，用光follow接着，在 之后precede先 于 （发生或存在）suppress忍住，抑制flow into 流 入,flow from由 引

41、起flow towards 流向flow beyond流过，溢出fetch取来bite 咬pick用手摘hold（用身体的某个部位）支撑，托住disappointed失望的，沮丧的excited激动的joyful快乐的indifferent漠不关心的adapt to 适应cater to 迎合turn to求助于react to（对 ）作出反应mention 提及modify修改recognize承认，认可restore 恢复establish 建立eliminate消除，根除challenge表示异议，质疑compromise 妥协suspect 怀疑accept认可，接受advance推动

42、，促进bind/bound约束，限制found成立，建立resistant 抵 抗 的sunject服从的immune不 受 影响的prone易于的，倾向于的resort to诉诸，求诸stick to 坚持evade回避deny否决settle处理line边界barrier障碍，妨碍similarity相似，类似conflict冲突，抵触serve为 工作，为 服务satisfy使满意，使满足upset使苦恼，使心烦意乱replace代替，取代confirm证实cultivate（力求）获 得（友谊，支持）be guarded（被）防护，（被）保护be tied（被）捆绑，（被）连接conc

43、ept 观念theory理论division差别，分歧convention社会习俗，惯例exclude把 排除在外question质疑，怀疑shape对 产生重大影响，决 定 的性向release发布,发行rank把 分等级，评级distort 歪曲suppress镇压，抑制exploit开发，利用address着手处理，解决accessible可到达的，可进入的amiable和谐可亲的agreeable符合的，一致的accountable 对 负责的by all means千方百计，不惜一切办法at all costs不惜任何代价，无论如何as a result 结果criticize 批评

44、appoint 任命comment 评论designate 指定，认定declare 宣布activate 启动prompt 弓|起proceed 继续in the process of在 过程中in the absence of 无需，没有in the presence of 在场，存在in the favor of 有利于reality 现实phenomenon 现象notice关注stay up熬夜crop up突然出现fill up充满cover up 覆盖enormous巨大的significant显著的，重 要 的（重要性，严重性）magnificent（外观）宏伟的，壮丽的c a

45、tegory种类，范畴example 榜样pattern 模式sample样本，试样impart告知immerse是 沉浸于inject注射infect传染relay传达，转播relieve减轻，缓解remain保持order订单place放置deliver 运送feasible可行的applicable 合适的prevalent盛行的，普遍的principal主要的innovative 创新的initial最初的restrict 限制recommend推荐,建议involve in 卷入，牵涉care for 照看concerned with 关注ward off 避开sweep蔓延，横扫s

46、kip跳过ride搭乘pointles s空洞的，无意义的lawless不受法律控制的reminder提醒物compromise妥协，让步proposal建议，提议equivalent对应物，等同的事物entertainment 娱乐interference 干扰roll into one融为一体，集于一身release发 布（消息，新闻），发 行（影片）issue发放，颁 发（证件），发 表（声明）distribute分 送（货物）carry on继续，进行linger on 徘徊set in到来,流行log in登 录（电脑系统）in vain徒劳地thriving繁荣的competing

47、竞争的trusted受到信任的with caution 谨慎地with delight 高兴地with confidence 有信心地with patience而 寸 心 地divide分隔，使产生分歧enthusiasm 热情skepticism 怀疑indifference 冷漠defendable可防御的vulnerable易受侵害的serve服务，服役perform 表现rebel反抗betray背叛ease缓和，减轻remove拿走，消除load装载bear(bore)承受，忍受necessity 生活必需品facility设备，设施commodity 商品property 财产im

48、ply暗指symbolize象征，标志hand out 分发bring back恢复，使 想起pass down把 传下去disguised伪装的disturbed烦恼不安的disputed有争议的distinguished卓著的，杰出的company（共同工作的）团体community（有共同特征的）团体collection 一批，一群colony（聚居的）一群employ雇佣，利用military军事的political政治的human表现人性的ethical道德的，伦理的ruin毁坏commute交换，改变patrol巡逻gain赢得parallel与 相似，比得上counteract抵制，抵消duplicate 复制contradict反驳，违背stage阶段,时期illusion 幻觉advance 进展fragment残缺的片段，碎片from the outset 从一开始at that point 当时