考研翻译答案.pdf

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1、句子结构分析1 For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell themhow able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grow up under morefavorable circumstances.例如，它们并不能弥补明显的社会不公，因此不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果生活在较好的环境中，会有多大才干.2 This trend began during the Second World Wai

2、;when several governments came to theconclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientificestablishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见到的.3 New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must ari

3、se in the future as theyhave in the past,giving rise to new standards of elegance.和过去一样，将来一定会出现新的思维形式以及行为对象，从而产生新的优雅的标准.4 Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract,as part of anexchange of duties and entitlements.很多哲学家认为，权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分.被动句的翻译一，译成汉语主动句（一）原文主语在

4、译文中仍是主语1 The whole country was armed in a few days几天内全国武装起来了2 The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.他青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除3 The decision to with draw was not taken lightly.撤退的决定不是轻易做出的.（二）原文中主语在译文中作宾语1 By the end of the war,800 people had been saved b

5、y organization,but the cost of 200French lives战争结束时候，这个组织拯救了 800人，但是以2 0 0 名法国人的生命为代价的.2 It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt.如果人们不强烈感受到损失，那就奇怪了二.译成汉语被动句1 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现2 I started to expla

6、in that I could not do my best since my spectacles have been taken awayfrom me,but she wouldnt let me finish.我开始解释，我不可能干得很好，因为我的眼镜被拿走了.但她不准我讲完.真题演练1 The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundredyears ago,and the selective role of the environment in shapi

7、ng and maintaining the behaviorof the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明.而环境在塑造和维持个体行为中所起的选择作用则刚刚被认识和研究.2 During the transfer,traditional historical methods were augmented by additionalmethodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the

8、 historical study.在这个转变过程中，那些阐释史学研究中新史料的方法充实了传统史学方法.3 It leads the discussion to extremes that at the outset:it invites you to think that animalsshould be treated either with consideration humans extend to other humans,or with noconsideration at all.（Do animals have rights?）这从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端:使人认为要么应该向

9、对待人一样对待动物，要么对动物完全冷漠无情.定语从句的翻译一.前置法1 The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死2 It is a consolation to know that they will surely carry on the cause for which Mn Smithhave strove so faithfully all his life.得知他们一定会继续史密斯先生终身奋斗不渝的事业,这是一件令人安慰的事情.二 后置法，重复关系代词He unselfishly c

10、ontributed his uncommon talents to the struggle which today brings these aimswithin the reach of the majority of the human race.他无私地将自己非凡的才智贡献给了这种斗争，这种斗争今天已经使大部分人可以达到这些目标.三 删除先行词It is he who received a letter that announced you won the prize.是他接到那封信,说你获奖了.真题演练1 lyior defined culture as”th at complex

11、 whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of the society.泰勒将文化定义为：“一个复合整体，包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰,艺术，道德,以律,风俗以及其它能力和习惯”（删除先行词）2 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and theirendeavors in t

12、he same reasoned,orderly,systematic and dispassionate manner that naturalscientists use for the study of natural phenomenon.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图象自然科学研究自然现象那样，用理性的，有序的,系统的，冷静的方法来研究人类极其行为.（背景:新前年新技术不断出现,并对未来的科学作出猜测）3 Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world toprod

13、uce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we canexpect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.皮尔森汇集了全球百余名研究者的成果，制定出一份特殊的千年台历,它列出了人们能够期待的百余种重大突破和发现的最迟日期.同位语从句翻译一前置1 Yet,from the beginning,the fact that I was alive was ignored.但是，从一开始，我还活着这个事实就被忽

14、略了.2 But I knew I couldnt trust him.There was always the possibility that he was a politicalswindler.但我知道我不能相信他.他是政治骗子的可能性总是存在的.3 It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.迟延有他负责，这个事实是改变不了的.二后置1 But it ignores the fact that,though pilots,we potentially were in as much d

15、anger of captureas any people else.但是忽略了一个事实，即我们虽然是飞行员，却和其他人一样有潜在的被俘的危险.2 And there was the possibility that a small electronic spark might bypass the most carefullyplanned circuit.而且总是存在这样的可能性-个小小的电火花，可能会绕过精心设计的线路.3 He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望再次访问中国真题演练A

16、rguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.此类极端主义者认为人与动物在各个相关方面完全不同，动物应该被排除在道德考虑范围之外.状语从句的翻译1 When the history of Nixon Administration is finally written,the chances are that hi

17、sChinese policy will stand out as a model of common sense and good diplomacy.当撰写尼克松政府的历史时，他的对华政策可能成为共识和好的外交的楷模.2 But this is equally true of cultural traits,which clearly indicates a persons value system whena crucial decision needs to be made before there is any time to think of an alternative,fore

18、xample,diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.文化特征也是如此，当没有时间作出其它选择就必须做出一个紧急的决定，比如说，跳入湍急的水流中拯救溺水的儿童，这个时候，文化特征就能清晰的反映一个人的价值观体系。真题演练1 The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory itemsoften seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds

19、of explanations have beenhard to find.行为科学发展缓慢，部分原因是解释的因素往往似乎是能够被直接观察到的,部分原因则是其它类型的解释一直难以找到.2 Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,andwith it possibly the only way to solve our problem.这些问题如果得不到解决，研究行为的技术就将继续受到排斥,而解决我们问题的唯一方法也会随之继续受到排斥3 And home appli

20、ances will also become so smartthat controlling and operating them willresult in the breakout of a new psychological disorderkitchen rage.家用设备也会变得相当的智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会导致一种新的心理错乱的爆发厨房狂躁症.主语从句的翻译（一）以 what,whatever,whoever等特殊疑问代词引导的主语从句采取顺译法1 What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已2 Whatever

21、 he saw and heard on his trip gave him a deep impression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象.3 Whoever made a voyage upon this river must remember these mountains.凡是在这条河流上航行过的人一定都记得这些山脉（二）i t 作形式主语的情况A 真实主语提前1 It doesnt make much any difference whether he attended the meeting or not.他参不参加会议没有多大关系2 It seemed inconcei

22、vable that the pilot could have survived the crash.驾驶员能够在飞机坠毁后幸存,这看来是不可想象的B.真实主语不提前,it大部分情况不翻译1 It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点2 It was obvious that I had become the pawn in some sort of top-level power play.很明显，在某些高级人物的权术游戏中,我成了被利用的一颗棋子.3 It is

23、 rumored that the meeting will be held in June.据传言，本次会议将于六月举行.真题演练Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up withthe efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts ofscientists and technologists of all kinds.此外，显而易见

24、的是，一个国家的经济实力与其农业以及经济的效率紧密相联，而效率又取决于各类科技工作者的努力.Whethei引导的主语从句真题演练IWhether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense oftechnology or vice versa depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府应该以减少对于技术的投入作为代价来增加对于纯科学的经费投入，或者相反，这取决于哪一方被看作驱动力量.2 Whether to

25、use tests,other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and uponsuch factors as cost and availability.因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试或者其它种类的信息，或者两者兼而有之，这取决于有关相对效度的依据，也取决于诸如花费和可及性等因素.There b e 结构的翻译1 There is a bar

26、 of chocolate in my pocket.我口袋里有块巧克力.2 There are many romantic love stories.浪漫的爱情故事比比皆是.3 There are many definitions as to what is a fool.傻子的定义有很多宾语从句的翻译（不需要改变语序）1.1 told him that because of the last condition,Fd have to turn it down.我告诉他，由于最后一个条件，我只得谢绝.2.He would never let the history book say of h

27、im that he had been content to sit on thesidelines,to be a gentle,leisurely President,letting the events take their course.他绝对不愿意让历史书说他甘当一个袖手旁观，悠闲文雅，听任事情自行发展的总统.I t 作形式宾语的翻译1.1 made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10:00 in the morning.我向他们讲清楚，必须在早上1 0 点前交论文.2.1 take it fo

28、r granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him.我想当然地认为你会过来和他讨论这个问题的.表语从句的翻译（顺译）1 What he emphasized over and over again was that no matter how difficult it might be,theyshould not retreat even for an inch.他一再强调的是，不管多么困难，他们决不应后退半步.2 The conclusion drawn in one of concluding paragraphs

29、 is that American foreign policygoals can be attained only by“maintaining a position of strength结尾有一段作出的结论是：“美国只能通过“保持实力地位”来达到对外政策的目的.3.The fact,however,remains that,though seemingly a big military power;it is far frominvulnerable in her air defense.然而，现实情况依然是，虽然貌似一个军事强国，它在空中防御方面还远远不是无懈可击的.真题演练Galil

30、eos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly inventedtelescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than aroundthe earth.伽利略一生最伟大的光辉业绩在于，1609年，他第一个将新发明的望远镜指向天空，从而证明了行星是围绕太阳旋转，而非围绕地球旋转.比较级翻译1 more than+原 级（表示强调）She is more than charmi

31、ng and lovely她分外多娇2no+比 较 级（一点也不）He is no better after taking pills.他吃完药后一点也没好3 比较级+than+原 级（.有余.不足）You are more cautious than decisive.你谨慎有余而果断不足4 more（of）名 词 1 than名词2（与其说是名词2 不如说是名词1）He is more of a strategist than a statesman.与其说他是个政治家，不如说他是一个战略家5 not so much A as B（与其说 A,不如说 B）l）He is not so mu

32、ch ill as depressed.他与其说是生病，不如说是郁闷.2）Bad writing is caused not so much by grammatical mistakes,as by stylistic problems拙劣的写作与其说是语法错误造成的，不如说是文体问题造成的6 less A and more B（首先是 A,其次是 B）Love results less from mutual benefit and more from mutual admiration.爱首先是来于互重，其次是来于互利真题演练1）Science moves forward,they sa

33、y,not so much through the insights of great men of geniusas because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.他们说，科学的进步与其说源于伟大人物的真知灼见，不如说源于更为普通的事物，如改良的技术与工具.2）Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity ofhistory as an intellectual disci

34、pline and more from internal quarrels among historiansthemselves.代词指代的判断1 Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problemsarising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays bymodern means of transport.由于人口猛增或大量人口的流动一现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易

35、一一造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力.2 Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hencethe help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而需要获得诸如经济学家和控制研究专家等的协助.一词多义现象1 Thus,the anthropological concept of“culture，like th

36、e concept of“set”in mathematics,isan abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research andunderstanding.因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就象数学中的“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能.2 Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs.Others arereasonable consequences of particu

37、lar advances in science being to some extentself-accelerating.在这些原因中，有些是完全自然地来自社会需求.另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果.3 Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of somerespected idea in elementary-particle physics,and many astrophysicists have been convincedfor

38、 the better part of a decade that is true.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看似可信的推断.许多天体物理学家七八年来一直公认这一说法是正确的.4 This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not relatedto immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题.