考研英语小作文总结.pdf

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1、应用性短文包括：私人和公务信函备忘录摘要报告便条演讲稿简历 询问请求信二 求 职 信三 推 荐 信四 感 谢 信五 道 歉 信六 邀 请 信七 投 诉 信八 建 议 信推荐信结构要点推荐信是向收信人推荐某人做某事的信件，一般分为三个部分:1.指出被推荐的人及推荐的原因；2.介绍被推荐人的情况；3.总结说明被推荐人值得被推荐（例如能胜任工作）。建议信结构要点建议信是建议收信人采取某种行动的信件，一般分为三个部分:1.说明建议的内容；2.提出建议的原因；3.指出采纳建议的益处。求职信结构要点求职信是申请具体职位的信件，包括下列三个部分：1.说明应聘职位；2.介绍自身情况；3.请求回复并表示感谢。感

2、谢信结构要点感谢信是就某事向收信人表示感谢的信件，分为三个部分：1.指出对方帮助自己的事情，表示感谢；2.展开叙述这件事；3.再次感谢，并可表示希望回报对方致歉信结构要点致歉信是向收信人表示歉意的信件，包括三个部分：1.说明为何事而致歉；2.解释造成过失或不能履约的原因；3.再次致歉或提出解决方案。祝贺信结构要点祝贺信是由于某种原因向收信人道贺的信件，一般包含三个部分：1.点明要祝贺的事情，并向对方道贺；2.详述祝贺的事情；3.再次祝贺。邀请信结构要点邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，包含三个方面：1.邀请对方参加活动的内容、时间和地点；2.与该活动有关的注意事项；3.期待对方接受邀请，并

3、可表示感谢。投诉信结构要点投诉信是对产品或服务表示不满的信件，一般分三个部分：1.提出投诉内容；2.说明具体情况；3.提出解决办法。询问信结构要点询问信是希望获取信息的信件，分为三个部分：1.说明自己的计划或目的，也就是询问信息的原因；2.征询具体信息；3.期待回复并表示感谢。介绍信结构要点介绍信是向收信人介绍某人的信件，包含三个部分：1.说明被介绍人的身份；2.提出希望收信人做的事情；3.如果是请收信人关照被介绍人，表示感谢；如果是请收信人与被介绍人共同工作，则对合作表示乐观。申请信结构要点申请信是向收信人提出某个请求的信件，包含三个部分：1,提出请求；2.说明原因；3.请求回复并表示感谢。

4、便 笺结构要点便笺也叫做便条，是一种简便的信函，形式简单，可用于询问、道歉、请假、约会、留言、归还东西等很多事由。通 知结构要点通知的目的是传递信息或分配工作，包含内容、时间和地点。如果是活动，应包含参加的人员范围；如果是讲座或报告，应包含演讲人的简介。备忘录结构要点备忘录是单位内部传递信息的文件，包括抬头和正文，其中抬头包含四个部分：T O:收阅者F R O M:撰写者SUB J E C T:主题DATE:日期简 历结构要点简历是个人经历的书面表达形式，应包含个人信息、教育背景和工作经历。有时还可包含事业目标(objective或 career objective)、其他经历(activit

5、ies)、获奖情况(awards)和特长(special skills)等。私人和公务信函一概述书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进 了解的重要工 具。书 信 一 般 可 分 为 商 务 信 件 或 公 函(Business Letter or OfficialCorrespondence)和私人信件(Private Letter)两大类。值得注意的是，英语书信的写法与汉语书信有一些明显区别，应特别加以区分。英语书信通常包括下面几个组成部分：信端、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名、附件、再启等。下面我们将逐个进行介绍。关于发信日期的写法，应注意以下几

6、点：年份应完全写出，不能简写。月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May,June,July,因为较短，不可缩写。写日期时，可用基数词1，2,3,4,5,.28,29,30,31等，也可用序数词1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,.28th,29th,30th,311st 等。但最好用基数词,简单明 了。日期可有下列几种写法：Oct.20,2004 10 May.,2004 3rd June,2004 Sept.16th,2004其中，最为通用。3.称呼(Salutation)给外国人写英文信时，称呼用语要注意以下几点：对没有头衔的男性一般 称 呼 M r.。M

7、 r.用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如对的称呼，应该是：M r,或 Mr.W hite,不可是：Mr.Phil。若称呼多个男性，则在姓名前用M r.的复数形式Messrs.对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼，例 如:Messrs.Black and Brothers布莱克兄弟公司。对女性一般 称 呼 Mrs.,Madam或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用在名字前Madame此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前M rs.没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性，则在姓名前用M m e.的复数形式Mmes.而对以女子名字为名称的公司、企

8、业可用Mesdames称呼。M iss多用于未婚女子，此词可缩写为Ms,用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用于名字之前。对收信人的称呼，也可用头衔或职位的名称，不分性别。例 如 Professor(缩 写 为 Prof.),Doctor(缩 写 为 Dr.),General(缩 写 为 Gen.)。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如 Prof.(Phil)White等。对外公函中对收信人的称呼，可 用 Gentlemen(而不是Gentleman),Dear S ir和 My dearSir(s)等。Gentlemen之前不能加D e a r,后面也不能带姓名。用 S irs时，前面

9、 常 用 Dear 一词，但也可单独用Sir。若收信人是妇女，则无论已婚或未婚，都可单独使用 Madam或其复数Mesdames。对外国高级官员的称呼，如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等，可用（Dear）Sir,（Dear）Mr.Chairman,（Dear）Mr.Premier,（My dear）Mr.Ambassador,Your Excellency（复数为 Excellencies）0对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主，可 以 S ir称呼，对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可 用 Madam称呼。有时也用Your Majesty称呼以表示。客气和尊敬Your Majesty可

10、兼指男性和女性，其复数为Your Majesties。对王室成员，如太子、王子、亲王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）S ir或（Dear）Madam但在正式尊称时，一 般 用 Your Highness（复 数 为 Highnesses）.,收信人称呼先 生（男人）Mr./Esq.夫 人（已婚）Mrs.小 姐（未婚）Miss夫人、小姐统称Ms.夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs.两位或两位以上男子Messrs两位或两位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames两位或两位以上小姐（未婚）Misses常见的头衔（汉英对照）如下：教授 Professor博士 Doctor（Dr.,Ph.D.）医学博士 Medical

11、 Doctor（M.D.）总统或校长President主席或董事长Chairman副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman副总统或副校长Vice President首相 Prime Minister总理 Premier省长或州长Governor市长Mayor参议员Senator大使 Ambassador秘书长 Secretary General一秘 First Secretary二秘 Second Secretary院长 Director;Dean副院长 Vice Director系主任 Dean,Head,Chair馆长 Chief Librarian,Curator阁下 Excellen

12、cy神甫Father4.信的正文（Body of the Letter）信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。在写私人信件时，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可 用 P.S.表示补叙。5.结束语（Complimentary Close）结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一二行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定。私人和公务信函-常用句式常用的起首语有：1)Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.2)

13、Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5,1997.3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say.7)Thank you very much for

14、your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on ChristmasEve.8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.ll)W ith great delight I learn from your lett

15、er of this Sunday that.14)1 am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has beenapproved.15)1 wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.16)1 am too excited and delighted at your good news.17)1 am very obliged to;you for your warm congratulations.常用的结束语有：1)Awaiting you

16、r good news,2)Looking forward to your early reply,3)Hoping to hear from you soon,4)We await your good news.5)1 hope to hear from you very soon.6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.7)1 look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.8)Your early reply will be highly appr

17、eciated.9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.11)1 hope everything will be well with you.12)Please let us know if you want more information.13)1 hope you always enjoy yourself.14)1 wish you very success in the coming year15)Please

18、remember me to your family.16)With best regards to your family.17)AII the best.18)With love and good wishes.私人和公务信函-分类举例-私人介绍信例 1Directions:One of your classmates and friends Li Fang will go to a university in New York tostudy for several months.Please write a letter to an American friend in New Yor

19、k andintroduce Li Fang to him/her.You should write about 100 words and do not need to writethe address.Dear Mrs Mark,I am giving Miss Fang Li,a classmate of minez this note of introduction to you and Mr.Mark,when she goes to visit New York City.Miss Li is my good friend.She is invited by auniversity

20、 to study there for a few months.She is a kind young lady.I believe you will enjoymeeting and knowing each other and become friends.It is my hope that you will kindlyinvite her to stay in your house for a few days.Kind regardsVery affectionately,X X X*It is my hope that.是一个强调句式，意同 I hope that.stay i

21、n your house表示在你家小住。例 2Directions:Your friend Mary Brown will go to Washington D.C.next month.Write a letter to Tony who is there and introduce Mary to him.You should writeabout 100 words and do not need to write the address.Dear Tony,This letter will introduce my best friend Mary Brown of whom

22、 youve often heard memention.She is going to be in Washington D.C.next month to lecture.I want very much tohave her meet you there.And this seems like an excellent chance for you to meet each other.I think both of youwill have a lot in common.So far as I know,you both are interested in modern litera

23、ture.Once you meet her;you will really enjoy her company.Any kindness to her will be dulyappreciated by me.Yours affectionately,xxx*这是一个向朋友介绍朋友的介绍信。Tony和 Mary都是写信人的朋友，在他看来，他们志同道合，有共同爱好，所以希望他们相识，信中说you both are interested in modernliterature once you meet her;you will really enjoy her company”。私人和公务信

24、函一分类举例-应聘信(Accepting Request for an Interview)例 1Directions:You have just received a letter from a company,which replied yourapplication for a job and asked you to go to the interview on August 30,Please write areply which is about 100 words and you do not need to write the address.Dear Mr.WangzThan

25、k you for your reply of August 20 about my application for a position.It came tohand this morning as a pleasant surprise.I am glad to tell you that I will attend theinterview at the time you set for the morning of August 30.1 will bring along full details ofmy testimonials as you suggested.I would l

26、ike to introduce myself to the company and hope to be a member of it.Iwould certainly spare no effort to acquit myself to your satisfaction.Yours respectfully,xxx*come to hand表示收到。s e t表示设定时间。spare no effort不遗余力。私人和公务信函一分类举例-推荐信(Letters of Recommendation)例 1Directions:You are preparing to introduce

27、your student to sb.Write a letter about 100words and express your opinion clearly.1)what the referee want to obtain2)the reason you want to introduce him or her.3)the opinion and suggestion of yourself.You do not need to write the address.Dear Professor Smith,It is my pleasure to recommend my studen

28、t Mr.Wang Gang for admission to yourdepartment for pursuing a master degree in accounting.I am engaged in accounting teaching at a university in Beijing China,I enjoy my workand all of my Chinese students,who are so clever and friendly.However Mr.Wang Gangexcels almost any others.He is not only outs

29、tanding in the field of accounting but alsogifted for the English language,for he seems to understand almost every word I say inclass.As concern as his personality,I find him honest,responsible,and cooperative.I betyoull like him too.I recommend him enthusiastically.If you need further information r

30、egarding Mr.WangGnag,do not hesitate to contact me.Best regards,Sincerely yours,xxx*be engaged in 表示从事(.工作)，as concern as关于、提及例 2Directions:You are asked to write a recommendation of your student for a position ofmarketing clerk about 100 words please express your reason clearly.You do not need towr

31、ite the address.Dear Mr.ManagerI am writing this letter to recommendate my student Wang Gang who is seeking theposition of marketing clerk of your company.He says you are satisfied with his presentation at the interview and requirerecommendation to be attached to his exceptional academic performance

32、 in the college.As his political instructor;I think Mr.Wang is well qualified for the position he seeks.Healways ranks among the top five in his grade,has passed CET-6 and obtains a certificate ofintermediate computer skills.Mr.Wang is a studious,selfless,and aspiring young manz andhe is awarded the

33、 title of Three Good Activist by the college every year.I believe he is a good candidate worthy of your consideration.Your sincerely,xxx*interview即面试，be well qualified表示完全具有资格、很合格例 3Directions:You are going to write a recommendation for sb.as you will introduce himor her a job.Please express your id

34、ea clearly about 100 words.You do not need to write theaddress.Dear Sirs,I take delight in recommending Mr Wang Gang to the Education Department of youruniversity.Mr Wang is a conscientious and strong-minded young man.He was first trained fortwo years in Beijing Normal University and assigned to wor

35、k as a high school teacher.Hisdesire,howevei;was to instruct English in a university.Then he entered the BeijingInstitute of Education to study English for another two years.His academic record wasexceptionally good,especially in American literature course.Now,He has graduated from the institute and

36、 hopes to study further abroad,whichwill benefit his future employment prospect and may help fulfil his desire.I should appreciate it very much if you would consider him.Yours sincerelyxxx*take delight in表示很乐于(做某事)。例 4Directions:Your are asked to write a recommendation for a student.Please give your

37、suggestions and express your opinions clearly about 100 words.You do not need to writethe address.To Professor Zhang,I have the pleasure of writing this letter of recommendation for Mr.Li Ming,who is astudent of mine.He wishes to be considered an applicant for the MS course of biology atyour college

38、.Mr.Wang is a gifted young man.He has devoted his heart to his study and research.Not only has he obtained As in all major subject areas,but he has also published severalarticles in the school journal,illustrating his originality and his deep understanding ofscience.For his competence,he is respecte

39、d by everyone who knows him.I feel sure that,if he is accepted by your college,he will be able to develop his talentto its fullest potential.I sincerely hope you will give him favorable consideration.Yours cordially,xxx*推荐信经常使用一些褒奖的形容词来描述被推荐人。以下是一些常用的描述品行和能力 的 词 语,供 大 家 参 考：bright, clever;capab

40、le,gifted,talented,ingenious,outstanding,prominent,diligent,assiduous,industrious,conscientious,hardworking,humorous,good-humored,cooperative,compromising,competent,original,innovative,ambitious,creative,original,innovative,inventive,imaginative,firm,persistent,persevering,resourceful,kind-hearted,g

41、enerous,honest,helpful,cheerful,considerate,devoted,dedicated,committed,promising,far beyond the average person 等。以上各词应根据语意选择，但不要过于堆砌。私人和公务信函一分类举例-祝贺信(Letters of Congratulation)例 1Directions:Please write a letter of about 100 words to congratulate your friend Li Ming,who did well in the passed colle

42、ge entrance exam and has been enrolled in PekingUniversity.You do not need to write the address.Dear Ming,We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entranceexamination this year and have been admitted into Peking University.Allow us to give ourmost sincere congratulatio

43、ns on this exciting occasion.You have all along been working hard at your professional studies,and you areexcellent in most subjects.Your success shows that only hard work can yield goodresults.We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you.Wish you greaterachievements in your college ed

44、ucation.Yours cordially,xxx*对朋友高考胜利的祝贺信应包括对其所付出努力的肯定，对其成绩的祝贺和对未来的祝福。例 2Directions:Your friend Steven and Jenny have just had a new baby boy.Please write aletter of about 100 words to congratulate them.You do not need to write the address.Dear Jenny:How happy you must be to have a beautiful new

45、baby boy.The happiness in my heartis just the same with you.Now youve experienced the joy that only a new mother knowsas her baby is put into her arms for the first time.I am sure that the little stranger must look like his father and some years later he willbe a smart fellow.May the years ahead be

46、filled with good health and good fortune for you and Stevenand your little Whats-his-name.Best wishes to all of you!Very sincerely yours,xxx*庆贺孩子出生的信一般都写给孩子的母亲例 3Directions:Your high school classmate Zhanghong has just graduated from CambridgeUniversity.Please write a letter to congratulate her.You

47、should write about 100 words anddo not need to write the address.Dear Zhanghong:How time flies!Here you are graduating from Cambridge University and planning tofind a job in a computer cooperation in the United States.Congratulations on the job well done while at university and good luck to you duri

48、ngyour new career.I wish you success in all your undertakings and hope youll find your career a source ofgreat joy and happiness.Any time when you come back home,!wish you would come to my place.Then,wemay recall our high school life.Everything will be well with you I believe.Sincerely yours,X X X*写

49、作时要充分挖掘导语中的有效信息，特别是high school classmate等细节信息。例 4Directions：Bill got a Doctorate in literature for Tsinghua University.Write a letter tocongratulate him.You should write about 100 words and do not need to write theaddress.Dear Bill,I got the news from Mike that you have received a Doctorate in liter

50、ature fromTsinghua University.I congratulate you for this.To have reached this milestone in yourscholarship at a young age is really great.It means,I believe,years of assiduous study andhard work on your part.And it is an achievement you can be well proud of.As your bestfriend,I hope you can reach h