考研英语-78.pdf

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1、考研英语-78(总分:100.0 0,做题时间：90分钟)一、B S ec tion I U se of E nglish /B (总题数：1,分数：1 0.0 0)BDirections:/BRead the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don A N SW ER SHEET 1.The fact that blind people can see things using other parts of theirbodies apart from their

2、eyes may help us to understand our feelings aboutcolor.If they can U (1)/U color differences,then perhaps we,too,are affected byU (2)/Uunconsciously.Manufacturers havediscovered byU (3)/Uthat sugar sells badly in greenwrappings,U (4)/Ublue foods are considered unpleasant,and thecosmetics should neve

3、r be packagedU (5)/Ubrown.Thesediscoveries have grownU (6)/Ua whole discipline of colorpsychology that now findsU (7)/Uin everything from fashion tointerior decoration.Some of ourU (8)/Uare clearlypsychological.Dark blue is the color of the night sky andU (9)/Uassociated with passivity and calm,whil

4、e yellow is a day colorwith U (10)/Uof energy and incentive.For primitive man,activityduring the dayU (11)/Uhunting and attacking,while he soon sawas red,the color of blood and rage and the heat that cameU (12)/Ueffort.And green is associated with passiveU (13)/Uandself preservation.E xperiments hav

5、eU (14)/Uthat green,partlybemuse of its physiological associations,also has a directpsychologicalU (15)/U,it is a calming color.U (16)/Uits exciting connotations,red was chosen as the signal forchanger,U (17)/Ucloser analysis shows that a vivid yellow canproduce aU (18)/Ubasic state of alertness and

6、(19),so fireengines and ambulances in some advanced communities are nowU (20)/Uaround in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.(分数：10.00)A.seeB.reckonC.distinguishD.sense V解析：该空白处是重复第一句的意思，表示盲人能分辨颜色的差异。选项see(看见)，reckon(计算，推测)都不符合文意,选项distinguish的结构to distinguish something from som ething,因

7、此不符合语法。只有sense表示盲人能感觉到色彩的差异。A.color VB.whichC.itD.that解析：本题选项which,i t 和 th a t在此的指代都不明确，因此排除。只有color符合文意。A.ex p er imentsB.tr ia l a nd er r or JC.fa c tsD.stu d ies解析：本题选项tr ia l a nd er r or可以与b y或thr ou gh组成固定搭配，表示通过反复摸索，符合文意。A.tha t JB.w henC.ifD.b u t解析：此处缺的是本句第二个宾语从句的连词，而旦由于句子不缺少任何成分，因此选择tha

8、t。别的选项都不符合语法和文意的要求。A.b yB.thr ou ghC.in VD.w ith解析：表示用什么颜色包装或穿着什么颜色的衣服，都用介词i n,因此in正确。A.into JB.u pC.ou t ofD.a t解析：此处的介词应该与gr ow组成动词短语，因此应该首先排除选项D。gr ow u p表示长大的意思，也不符合文意。这些关于色彩差异的发现在前，颜色心理学的产生是基于其上的，因此into正确，表示逐渐发展成为的意思。A.a d v a nta geB.er r orC.shor ta geD.a p p lic a tion J解析：此处的意思是说颜色心理学的应用范围，

9、因此选择a p p lic a tion（应用）。别的选项都不符合文意。A.c ha r msB.thou ghtsC.p r efer enc es JD.a c tions解析：本段一直在讲人们对颜色的喜好，因此选择p r efer enc es表示我们的颜色偏好。A.mu c hB.ther efor e JC.c or r ec tlyD.a p p r op r ia tely解析：该部分与前面的内容存在因果关系，因此ther efor e正确。A.a ssoc ia tions VB.influ enc esC.elementsD.c ha r a c ter istic s解析：

10、这几句的内容都涉及颜色给人们带来的联想，因此选择a ssoc ia tions（联想）。别的选项不符合文意。A.ma d eB.c r ea tedC.looked likeD.mea nt V解析：原始人白天的活动意味着打猎和攻击，因此选择mea nt（意味着），别的选项在意义上讲不通。A.w i thou tB.despiteC.makingD.with J解析：原始人的狩猎生活是要付出代价的，是来之不易通过艰苦努力才能生存的，因此选择with表示红色总是和他们的鲜血和代价联系在一起的。A.offenseB.defense JC.attackD.meaning解析：绿色与红色的主动出击相反

11、，它是被动的、平和的，因此选择defense,表示被动防御。A.cast lightB.declaredC.shown VD.denied解析：实验表明绿色有直接的心理作用，因此shown正确，表示说明和显示的意思，别的选项都不符合文-后 V-、0A.effect VB.influenceC.affectionD.implication解析：绿色给人的心理作用或效果，只有effect符合文意，别的选项都不符合文意。A.W i th a view toB.Because of JC.With the intention ofD.In spite of解析：选项With a view to（为了）

12、与With the intention o f同义,选项in spite of（尽管）都不符合文意，红色被认为是警告色，是因为有令人激动的联想，因此只有Because of（由于）正确。A.meanwhileB.furthermoreC.moreoverD.but J解析：本句是转折句式，因此but正确。A.more JB.veryC.quiteD.much解析：该部分的主语是closer analysis明显与前半句构成比较，因此more正确。A.surpriseB.frightC.alarm JD.fear解析：从上文可以得知红色是警告色，使人保持警惕，因此alarm（警报）正确。A.ru

13、nningB.rushing JC.movingD.driving解析：消防车和救护车的行动是越快越好，因此只有rushing最能表示其紧争的情况。二、B S e c ti on I I R e a d i ng C ompre h e nsi on/B（总题数：4,分数：4 0.0 0）P a rt A(/B B D i re c ti ons:/B R e a d th e f ol l owi ng f our te xts.A nswe r th e que sti ons b e l ow e a c h te xt b y c h oosi ng A,B,C or D.M a rk

14、 your a nswe rs on A N S W E R S H E E T 1.B T e xt 1/B The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts,unalloyed,unslanted(不歪曲的)，objectively selected facts.But in the days of complex newsit must provide more;it must supply interpretation,the meaning of thefacts.This is the most important assign

15、ment confronting Americanjournalism一to make clear to the reader the problems of the day,to makeinternational news as understandable as community news,to recognize thatthe there is no longer any such thing as local news,bemuse any eventin the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft,

16、ineconomic strain,in terms,indeed,of our very Way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark oninterpretation,you are entering dangerous waters,the swirling tides ofopinion.This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editorshall confine

17、himself to the facts”.This insistence raises twoquestions:What are the facts?And:Are the bare facts enough?As to the first query.Consider how a so-called factual story comesabout.The reporter collects,say,fifty facts;out of these fifty,hisspace allotment being necessarily restricted,he selects the t

18、en whichhe considers most important.This is J udgment Number One.Then he or hiseditor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of thepiece.(This is an important decision bemuse many readers do not proceedbeyond the first paragraph.)This is J udgments Number Two.Then the nighteditor

19、 determines whether the article shall be presented on page one,where it has larger impact,or on page twenty-four,where it has little,J udgment Number Three.Thus,in the presentation of a so-called factual or objective“story,at least three judgments are involved.And they are judgments not at allunlike

20、 those involved in interpretation,in which reporter and editor,calling upon their research resources,their general background,andtheir news neutralism arrive at a conclusion as to the significance ofthe news.The two areas of judgment,presentation of the news and itsinterpretation,are both objective

21、rather than subjective processes一asobjective,that is,as any human being can be.(Note in passing:eventhough complete objectivity can never be achieved,nevertheless the idealmust always be the beacon on the murky news channels.)if an editor isintent on slanting the news,he can do it in other ways and

22、more effectivelythan by interpretation.He can do it by the selection of those facts thatprop up(支持)his particular plea.Or he can do it by the play when he givesa story promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.（分数：10.0 0）（1）.T h e ti tl e th a t b e st e xpre sse s th e i d e a s of th

23、i s pa ssa g e is.（分数：2.0 0）A.*I nte rpre ti ng th e N e ws JB.”E ve ryth i ng C ounts”C.S ub j e c ti ve V e rsus O b j e c ti ve P roc e sse s”D.”C h oosi ng F a c ts”解析：主旨题。题意为“这 篇 文 章 的 最 佳 标 题 为。本文首先指出一些人对解释新闻持批评态度，接着对这些人的观点进行批驳，最后阐述解说新闻领域和提供新闻内容一样都是客观过程。因此选项A “解释新闻”是答案。选项B “选择事实”；选项C “主观与客观的过程

24、”；选项D “每件事都重要”。（2）.W h y d oe s th e wri te r of a n a rti c l e se l e c t te n out of 5 0 a va i l a b l e f a c ts?（分数：2.0 0）A.U i s e d i tor i s pre j ud i c e d.B.T h e sub j e c t i s not i mporta nt.C.S pa c e i s l i mi te d.JD.R e a d e rs wou1d pre f e r sh ort stone s.解析：细节题。题意为“一篇报道的作者为

25、什么从5 0条新闻事实中选出10条？”根据文中第四段第三句“举例说，记者收集5 0条新闻事实。他从5 0条中选出10条他认为是最重要的新闻，因为他的版面空间的分配必定有所限制”，可知选项C“版面空间有限”是答案。选项A“他的编辑有偏见”；选项B“文章主题不重要”；选项D“读者偏好篇幅短的新闻”。（3）.W h y s h o u l d t h e l e a d s e n t e n c e p r e s e n t t h e mo s t i mp o r t a n t f a c t?（分数：2.0 0）A.It w i l l i n f l u e n c e t h e r

26、 e a d e r t o c o n t i n u e.B.It w i l l b e t h e b e s t w a y t o w r i t e.C.S o me r e a d e r s d o n o t r e a d b e y o n d t h e f i r s t p a r a g r a p h.JD.It w i l l g r a t i f y t h e e d i t o r.解析：细节题。题意为“为什么新闻导语应当讲述最重要的事实？”根据文章倒数第三段括号中提到的“许多读者不读一段以下的新闻”，可知选项C为答案。选项A“它会影响读者继续读下去

27、”；选项B“这是的最佳方式”；选项D“这会使读者高兴”。（4）.W h a t i s t h e LE AS T e f f e c t i v e w a y o f s l a n t i n g n e w s?（分数：2.0 0）A.In t e r p r e t a t i o n.JB.S e l e c t i o n.C.P l a c e me n t.D.Co n c e n t r a t i o n.解析：推断题。题意为“歪曲新闻效果最差的方式是什么？”根据文章最后一段最后三句”如果编辑想要歪曲新闻，他可以采取其他方法，远比解释有效得多。他可以通过选择支持他的观点的

28、素材，或通过他给每条新闻所定的位置达到歪曲的口的一一提升到头版，或者降到第三十版”，可知选项A“解释”为正确答案。选项B“选材”；选项C“定位”；选项D“集中”。（5）.W h a t i s t h e a u t h o r，s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f n e w s?（分数：2.0 0）A.Ap p r o v i n g.JB.Co n c e r n e d.C.Cr i t i c a l,D.In d i f f e r e n t.解析：作者态度题。题意为“作者对解释新闻

29、的态度是什么？”根据文章第二段“报界有一种普遍存在的观点：当你从事解释新闻的工作，你就进入了险象环生的水域。这纯粹是无稽之谈”，可知选项A”赞成的”为正确答案。选项B“关切的”：选项C“批评的”：选 项D“漠不关心的”。B T e x t 2 /B Much of the American anxiety about old age is a flight from the realityof death.One of the striking qualities of the American character is theunwillingness to face either the

30、fact or meaning of death.In the moresomber tradition of American literature-from Hawthorne and Melville andP o e t o F a u l k n e r a n d He mi n g w a y一o n e f i n d s a t r a g i c d e p t h t h a t b e l i e s t h es u r f a c e t h i n n e s s o f t h e o r d i n a r y Ame r i c a n d e a t h

31、a t t i t u d e s.By a n e f f o r to f t h e i ma g i n a t i o n,t h e g r e a t w r i t e r s f a c e d p r o b l e ms t h a t t h e c u l t u r e i na c t i o n i s r e l u c t a n t t o f a c e一t h e f a c t o f d e a t h,i t s my s t e r y,a n d i t s p l a c ei n.t h e b a c k-a n d-f o r t h

32、 s h u t t l i n g o f t h e e t e r n a l r e c u r r e n c e.T h eu n b l i n k i n g c o n f r o n t a t i o n o f d e a t h i n G r e e k t i me,t h e e l a b o r a t et h e o l o g i c a l p a t t e r n s w o v e n a r o u n d i t i n t h e Mi d d l e Ag e s,t h e r i t u a lc e l e b r a t i o

33、 n o f i t i n t h e r i c h,p e a s a n t c u l t u r e s o f La t i n a n d S l a v i c E u r o p ea n d i n p r i mi t i v e c u l t u r e s;t h e s e a r e d i f f i c u l t t o f i n d i n Ame r i c a n l i f e.W h e t h e r t h r o u g h f e a r o f t h e e mo t i o n a l d e p t h s,o r b e c

34、 a u s e o f a d r y i n g u po f t h e s l u i c e s o f r e l i g i o u s i n t e n s i t y,t h e Ame r i c a n a v o i d s d w e l l i n g o nd e a t h o r e v e n c o r n i n g t o t e r ms w i t h i t;h e f i n d s i t mo r b i d a n d r e c o i l sf r o m i t,s u r r o u n d i n g i t w i t h

35、w o r d a v o i d a n c e （Ame r i c a n s n e v e r d i e;t h e y“p a s s a w a y,/z）a n d v a r i o u s t a b o o s o f s p e e c h a n d p r a c t i c e.A f u n e r a lp a r l o r i s d e c o r a t e d t o l o o k l i k e a b a n k;e v e r y t h i n g i n a f u n e r a l c e r e mo n yi s d o n e

36、 i n h u s h e d t o n e s,a s i f i t w e r e s o me t h i n g f u r t i v e,t o b e c o n c e a l e df r o m t h e w o r l d;t h e r e i s s o mu c h e mp h a s i s o n b e i n g d i g n i f i e d t h a t t h ec e r e mo n y o f t e n l o s e s i t s q u a l i t y o f d i g n i t y.In s o me o f t

37、 h e p r i mi t i v ec u l t u r e s,t h e r e i s d i f f i c u l t y i n u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e mu s e s o f d e a t h;i ts e e ms p u z z l i n g a n d e v e n u n i n t e l l i g i b l e.Li v i n g i n a s c i e n t i f i c c u l t u r e,Ame r i c a n s h a v e a r e a d y e n o u g h e

38、 x p l a n a t i o n o f h o w i t c o me s,y e t t h e y s h o wl i t t l e c a p a c i t y t o c o me t o t e r ms w i t h t h e f a c t o f d e a t h i t s e l f a n d w i t ht h e g r i e f t h a t a c c o mp a n i e s i t.W e j u b i l a t e o v e r b i r t h a n d d a n c e a tw e d d i n g s”

39、,w r i t e s Ma r g a r e t Me a d,“b u t mo r e a n d mo r e h u s t l e t h e d e a t h o f ft h e s c e n e w i t h o u t c e r e mo n y,w i t h o u t a n o p p o r t u n i t y f o r y o u n g a n d o l d t or e a l i z e t h a t d e a t h i s a s mu c h a f a c t o f l i f e a s i s b i r t h”.A

40、n d o n e ma ya d d,e v e n i n i t s h u r r y a n d b r e v i t y,t h e l a s t s t a g e o f a n Ame r i c a n，sl i f e t h e l a s t o c c a s i o n o f t h i s r e l a t i o n t o h i s s o c i e t y一i s a ss t a n d a r d i z e d a s t h e r e s t.（分数：10.00）（1）.Unwillingness to face death is.（

41、分数：2.00）A.a characteristic of American societyB.a quality found in al 1 civilizationsC.a quality inherited from our Latin ancestorsD.a striking quality of the American character V解析：细节题。题意为：“不 情 愿 面 对 死 亡 是。”根据文章首段第二句（美国人引人注目的性格特点之一是不情愿面对死亡，既不愿面对死亡这一事实，也不愿面对死亡的意义。），可知选项D “美国人引入注目的一个性格特点”为正确答案。选项A ”美

42、国社会的一个特点”；选项B ”在文明社会中都能找到的一种品质”；选项C“从拉丁祖先遗传的一种品质”。（2）.In the novels of Hawthorne and Melville,one will find.（分数：2.00）A.ordinary American death attitudesB.a willingness to accept death as a fact of life VC.a superficial attitude toward deathD.the foundation of modern American beliefs about death解析：细节

43、题。题意为：“在Hawthorne and Melville的小说中，将会发现。“根据文章首段第三、四句（在美国忧郁文学传统中 从Hawthorne,Melville和Poe到Faulkner和Hemingway 人们发现了普通美国式死亡态度的浅薄背后深刻的悲哀.在一个不愿面对死亡的文化氛围中，通过想像力，伟大的作家们直面死亡的事实、它的神秘以及它永恒地穿梭的地点。），可知选项B“愿意把死亡当作生活的事实来接受”为正确答案。选项A “普通美国式的死亡态度”；选项C“对死亡的浅薄态度”；选项D “关于死亡的现代美国信仰的建立”。（3）.According to the passage,which

44、 of the fol lowing is N O T tru e?（分数：2.00）A.In Greek times,people were afraid of facing death.JB.In the Middle Ages,death was surrounded by the elaborate theological patterns.C.In primitive cultures,death was celebrated ritually.D.In American life,people hardly mention death.解析：细节题。题意为：“在文中，下列哪句话不正

45、确？”根据文中首段倒数第一句（在希腊时代人们面对死亡亳无畏惧。），可知选项A ”在希腊时期，人们害怕面对死亡，”为正确答案。选项B “在中世纪，死亡由精美的神学形式包围”：选项C ”在原始文化中，人们举行带有宗教仪式的葬礼”：选项D “在美国人的生活中，人们几乎不提死亡”。（4）.In the author*s opinion,American refuse to dwell on the idea of d e a t h （分数：2.00）A.out of fear of the emotional depthsB.because they no longer are intensely

46、religionsC.because they are materialistsD.either A or B J解析：细节题。题意为：“作 者 认 为 美 国 人 拒 绝 思 考 死 亡。”根据文章第二段第一句（无论是由于情感深处的恐惧，还是由于宗教激情的枯竭，美国人都不愿思考死亡，甚至不愿提到死亡。）,可知选项D为正确答案。选项A “出于情感深处的恐惧”；选 项B “因为他们不再非常地笃信宗教”；选项C “因为他们是唯物主义者”。（5）.Margaret Mead suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.we should not rejoice at a birthB.we

47、should cry at a birth and rejoice at a funeralC.a wedding should be solemn affairD.death should be accepted in the same spirit as marriage and birth-J解析：推断题。题意为：“Margaret Mead建议_ _ 。”文章最后一段倒数第二句（“我们庆祝婴儿的出世，在婚礼中跳舞唱歌，Margaret Mead写道，“但是越来越匆忙地打发死亡，甚至不举行葬礼，使得人们没有机会意识到死亡和婴儿诞生一样是生活的一部分”。）可知选项D “应该向对待婚礼和出生

48、一样地对待死亡”为正确答案。选 项A “我们对一位婴儿的降生不应该欢天喜地”；选项B“我们应当在婴儿降生时哭泣，而在葬礼上欢笑”；选项C“婚礼应当庄严”。（B）Text 3/BIn recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on itsuniversities to find solutions to its major problems.It is theuniversities that have been charged with the principal responsibility fordeve

49、loping the expertise to place men on the moon;for dealing with oururban problems and with our deteriorating environment;for developing themeans to feed the world，s rapidly increasing population.The effortinvolved in meeting these demands presents its own problems.In addition,this concentration on th

50、e creation of new knowledge significantlyimpinges on the universities efforts to perform their other principalfunctions,the transmission and interpretation of knowledge the impartingof the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation tocarry it forward.With regard to this,perhaps th