2018年高考英语全国1卷试题及答案.pdf

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1、绝密启用前2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中

2、选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.答案是 C。1.What will James do tomorrow?A.Watch a TV program.A.Shes generous.3.When does the train leave?A.At 6:30.A.By car.A.Classmates.B.At 8:30.B.On foot.B.Teacher and student.英语试题第1页（共13页）C.At 10:30.C.By bike.C.Doctor

3、and patient.4.How does the woman go to work?5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?B.Give a talk.B.Shes curious.C.Write a report.C.Shes helpful.2.What can we say about the woman?B.9.18.C.9.15.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独

4、白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6.What does the woman regret?A.Giving up her research.B.Dropping out of college.C.Changing her major.7.What is the woman interested in studying now?A.Ecology.B.Education.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8.What is the man?A.A hotel manager.B.A

5、 tour guide.9.What is the man doing for the woman?A.Looking for some local foods.B.Showing her around the seaside.C.Offering information about a hotel.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In an office.B.At home.11.What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?A.Go

6、 to a concert.B.Visit a friend.12.Who is Alice going to call?A.Mike.B.Joan.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.Why does the woman meet the man?A.To look at an apartment.B.To deliver some furniture.C.To have a meal together.英语试题第2页（共13页）C.Chemistry.C.A taxi driver.C.At a restaurant.C.Work extra hours.C.Catheri

7、ne.14.What does the woman like about the carpet?A.Its color.A.Its a good size.A.Go downtown.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17.Who is the speaker probably talking to?A.Movie fans.A.Before he left his hometown.B.After he came to America.C.When he was 15 years old.19.How does the speaker feel about his teache

8、r?A.Hes proud.B.Hes sympathetic.C.Hes grateful.20.What does the speaker mainly talk about?A.How education shaped his life.B.How his language skills improved.C.How he managed his business well.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A AWashington,D.C.Bicycl

9、e ToursWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees withbeautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson

10、 about the treesand the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability andthe cherry blossoms disappear!英语试题第3页（共13页）B.News reporters.C.College students.18.When did the speaker take English classes?B.Its design.B.Its newly painted.B.Talk with her friend.C.Its quality.C.Its

11、 adequately equipped.C.Make payment.15.What does the man say about the kitchen?16.What will the woman probably do next?Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Was

12、hington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares uniquefacts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursMorning or After

13、noon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and localslooking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour ro

14、ute(路线)makecycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memor

15、ials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill andthe National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique factsand history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped withreflective vests and safety lights.21.Which tour do you need to book in advanc

16、e?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.C.Visit well-known museums.A.City maps.C.Meals

17、.英语试题第4页（共13页）B.Go to a national park.D.Enjoy interesting stories.B.Cameras.D.Safety lights.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa everymorning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showin

18、g families how to preparedelicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help ofchef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes forunder 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain p

19、resenter says shes been able toput a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexicantakeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a porti on(一份),but Matt makes them for

20、26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps ofITVs Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how

21、to get value from thevast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with adifferent family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in needof some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transform

22、s the familys long weekend ofcelebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.C.He assists her in cooking matters.A.Summarize the previous parag

23、raphs.C.Add some background information.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefB.Balancing Our Daily DietD.Cooking Well for LessB.He prepares food for her kids.D.He invites guest families for her.B.Provide some advice for the readers

24、.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?英语试题第5页（共13页）C CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in rec

25、ent times therehas been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated byhunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speechindependent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when theworld had just five to ten million p

26、eople,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,andtheir languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of univers

27、al compulsoryeducation,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,allhave caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanishand Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these

28、 languages ishugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,oftenspoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia andthe Pacific perhaps 3,200,of whic

29、h Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.Themedian number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worldslanguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),withonly a few elderly speakers left.P

30、ick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remainingspeakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)orWadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chanceof survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They d

31、eveloped very fast.C.They had similar patterns.A.Complex.C.Powerful.A.About 6,800.C.About 2,400.英语试题第6页（共13页）B.They were large in number.D.They were closely connected.B.Advanced.D.Modern.B.About 3,400.D.About 1,200.29.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?30.How man

32、y languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?31.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think were a culture that

33、gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight ofsomething shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as theseoutdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do th

34、e same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleaguesat the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for eachproduct throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method p

35、rovided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-setTVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets

36、and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.“Theliving-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kidsroom,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.The average number ofelectronic devices ro

37、se from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keepingthese old devices we continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,olddesktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energyconsumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emis

38、sions(排放)more than doubling duringthe 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解决方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007,but theresearchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products withnewelectronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing an

39、d TVviewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVsand desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.C.They cost more to use at home.B.They are no better than the old.D.They go

40、 out of style quickly.英语试题第7页（共13页）33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The b

41、ox-set TV.A.Stop using them.C.Upgrade them.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home design something youll always have in every room.Agrasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youlllove to live in.D

42、o you want a room thats full of life?Professional?Or are you just lookingfor a place to relax after a long day?36,color is the key to making a room feel theway you want it to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designersapproach this important point.37,they c

43、an get a little complex.But good news is thattherere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:thesmall ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.38.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets thatmost of us use to add visual interest to

44、 our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls andless expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significantbenefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables orbookshelves.39.They require a bigger c

45、ommitment than smaller ones,and they havea more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whetheryoure looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it aresignificant.40.英语试题第8页（共13页）B.The tab

46、let.C.The LCD TV.B.Take them apart.D.Recycle them.D.The desktop computer.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its

47、 not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入

48、空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department wasoffering a“free”course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I41the idea oftaking the class because,after all,who doesnt want to42a few dollars?More than that,Id always wanted to learn c hess.And,even if

49、 I werent43enough about free credits,news about our44was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which45I would be learning from one of the games46.I could hardly wait to47him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this48was no game for him;he m

50、eant business.In his introduction,he made it49that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to50the class,among other criteria,wehad to write a paper on how we plan to51what we would learn in class to our futureprofessions and,52,to our lives.I managed to get an A in that53and learned lifelessons t