考研英语必考词组.pdf

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1、86.take the floor 起立发言造句：He invited the mayor to take the floor.他请市长发言。136.congratulate sb.on 祝贺同义替换：extend greetings forCongratulate 原始涵义：vt.向（某人）道贺；祝贺 He is to be congratulated for his success.他将会由于取得的成就而受到祝贺。造句：We congratulated him on having passed the exam.我们祝贺他通过了考试。137.in connection with 关于同义替

2、换:with regard to造句：The customers are more interested in goods in connection with their dailylives.消费者对与日常生活有关的物品更感兴趣。138.be conscious of觉察，知道同义替换：be aware ofConscious原始涵义：adj.神志清醒的；有知觉的；有意识的 She spoke to us in her conscious moments.她神志清醒时跟我们说过话。自觉的；蓄意的 I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude

3、 to her.我得亥ij意约束自己不要对她粗鲁。真题重现:The doctors are very conscious of their godlike role.医生对自己神圣的角色有清醒的认识。（2002阅读）造句:I was not conscious of having offended him.我没有意识到得罪了他。139.consent to 同意同义替换:give agreement to permissionConsent原始涵义:n.准许，同意,赞成 Her parents refused their consent to the marriage.她的父母对这桩婚姻持反对

4、态度。vi.同意；赞成 My father wont consent to my leaving school.我父亲不会同意让我辍学。131.be confident of 有信心同义替换：have confidence in造句：I have every reason to be confident of our victory.我有充分的理由坚信胜利是属于我们的。256.in the event of 万一，即使发生“时同义替换：=in case of造句：In the event of an emergency,please Huse the marked exits.万一发生紧急情况

5、，请走带有标志的安全出口。257.except除以外；besides除以夕卜还有“造句：He goes to office every day except(on)Sunday.他每天去办公，星期天除外。The salesman gets expenses besides his salary.推销员除了薪水外还得津贴。258.except 除了。同义替换：=but造句：He never drinks except on special occasions.除非在特别场合,他从不喝酒。259.except for 除.“以 夕 卜同义替换：=apart from真题重现：The gain in

6、 1970s was the lowest in American annual recordsexcept for the Depression years.除了大萧条那几年，美国在20世纪70年代所获得的财富在年度记录中是最少的。(1998阅读)造句：Except for one minor incident,he seemed to be in excellent health.他除了偶然发生过一次小病外，似乎非常健康。260.(an)exception to”.的 例 夕 卜exception原始涵义：n.1.例外，不包括在内的人(或物)This is considered an ex

7、ception to the rule.我们把这看作是该规则的例外。2.规则的例外：例外的事物造 句:There is no exception to this rule,这条规定没有例外。251.(be)equivalent to 相等于，相当于同义替换：=equal in value,amount,meaningequivalent 原始涵义：adj.1.相等的，相当的There is no exactly equivalent French tense to the present perfect tense inEnglish.法语里没有和英语中的现在完成时完全对应的时态。2.（数量、

8、度量、价值、力量、意义、重要性等）均等的；同等重要的，等量的；等价的,等值的；等效的；等势的；同义的，等义的造句：His reply is equivalent to a refusal.他的回答等于是拒绝。252.in essence 本质上同义替换：=in its/ones natureessence原始涵义：n.1.本质，实质，要素In the above chapter,we have learned what the essence of translation is.在上一章中，我们学习了翻译的本质。2.（植物，药物等）精髓，精华，香精；精油This factory produce

9、s essences.这家工厂生产香精。造句：In essence,treat your subordinates fight,and they will literally die foryou.其实，只要你好好对待下属，他们就会为你卖命。253.at all events不论怎样，无论如何同义替换：=in spite of everything,in any caseevent原始涵义：n.1.事件，大事Next day the newspapers reported the event.第二天，报纸报道了这个事件。2.运动项目Some 2000 athletes competed in

10、20 events.约 2000名运动员参加了 20个项目的比赛。造句：Lucy had an accident,but at all events she wasnt killed.露西出了车祸，但不管怎样，她死里逃生了。254.in any event无论如何，不管（将来）怎么样同义替换：=whatever happens in the future造句：In any event,my feelings were hurt when I learned that he had fallenin love with someone else.无论如何，当知道他爱上了别人时，我的感情受到了伤害

11、。255.in the event that假如，如果.in the event结果，实际情况是（常 与 but连用）同义替换：=if造句：Customers shall be informed promptly in the event that nonconformingproduct has been shipped.一旦装运了不合格品应立即通知客户.132.confine.to.把限制在某范围内同义替换：restrict.in the range of.Confine原始涵义：vt.限制；局限于 She confined heractivities in educational cir

12、cles,她把她的各项活动都限制在教育圈内。禁闭；管制；关起来They confined the prisoner in a cell,他们把犯人监禁在监狱里。造句：At such,marriages are confine to the same caste,from the same family.因此，结婚对象也是限制在同一阶级或来自同一个家庭。133.confirm sb.in 使某人更坚定（信念等）同义替换:make sb.more ensureConfirm原始涵义：vt.证实，证明；肯定,确认We have confirmed the report.我们证实了那则报道。使巩固，加

13、强The news confirmed my resolution.这消息坚定了我的决心。造句：This information confirms me in the belief that he is to blame.这一消息使我坚信他该受到责备.134.conform,to符合，遵照，遵守同义替换：l)obey 服从；2)observe;3)comply with 照办;4)keep to 遵循；5)abide by服从;6)stick to 按，.做Conform原始涵义：vi.遵守，符合，遵从，月 艮 从 The building does not conform to safety

14、 regulations.这座建筑物不符合安全条例。顺应，致，顺从，随潮流 There is great pressure on schoolchildren to conform.小学生有巨大的压力要去适应。135.be confronted with 面对，面临同义替换：be brought face to face withConfront原始涵义：v t.面对；对抗；与(某 人)对 峙 A soldier has to confront danger.士兵须面对危险。造句：The new system will be confronted with great difficulties

15、 at the start.新系统开始时遇到极大困难。126.in(out of)condition 健康状况好(不好)同义替换：thoroughly healthy or fit(not fit)造句：You have to be in condition to play any sport seriously these days.现在你想认真进行任何运动都得有健康的体魄。I cant go swimming now;Im out of condition.我现在不能去游泳,我身体欠佳。.in good(bad)condition 处于良好(坏)状态造句：He exercised stre

16、nously to keep his carcass in good condition.他刻苦训练，以使身体处于良好状态。He was still in bad condition and could recall only a fragmented account ofthe accident.他的情况仍然不好,只能回忆起那次事故的零碎片断。127.confess(to)承认，供认同义替换：admit a fault,crime,or sth.wrongconfess原始涵义：vt.&vi.承认，供认(错误或罪行)I must confess myself completely puzzl

17、ed by the question.我必须承认我被这个问题搞迷糊了。造句:He refused to confess to his crime.他拒绝认罪。128.confide in 对“.讲真心话，依赖同义替换：to talk freely to sb.about onezs secretconfide原始涵义：vt.&v i.（向某人）吐 露（隐私、秘密等）Jone felt she could only confide in hermother.琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐心中的秘密。造句：I confide in him and he has never deceived me.我信赖

18、他，他从来没有欺骗过我。129.in confidence 秘密地，暗中confidence原始涵义：n.信任，信赖，信心 He was always amazed by her confidence.他常常对她的自信惊叹不已。造句:I should like to exchange a few words with you in confidence.我想私下和你交换点意见。with confidence满怀信心地；造句：You must figure out this matter with confidence.你必须满怀信心地解决掉这个问题。130.have confidence in

19、 sb.sth.对.的信赖同义替换：be confident of造句：We have confidence in the mayor,我们信任这位市长。121.be concerned with(=about)与有关concern原始涵义：n.关心;担心；挂念 He exhibited total lack of concern for the child.可以看出他对那孩子毫不关心.vt.有关于，关系至ij；使关心 Economics is one of the subjects which concernhuman activities.经济学是有关人类活动的学科之一。造句：Collid

20、 chemistry is concerned with dispersions.肢体化学与各种分散体系有关。122.concern oneself about/with 关心、真题重现：I am a good economic indicator,she says.I provide a service that peoplecan do without when they concerned about saving some dollars.,z她说：我是个很好的经济指标，当人们想要节省几美元时，他们可以不享受我的服务。”（2004阅读）造句：He doesnt concern hims

21、elf aboutwith what people say.不管人们怎么讲，他都不关心。123.in conclusion 最后一点；同义替换:as the last thingconclusion原始涵义：n,结束，结尾The meeting came to a successful conclusion.会议圆满结束。结论，推论 Edwards conclusion conforms with Georges.艾德华的结论和乔治的一致。造句：In conclusion he wished us very success in our work.最后，他祝我们工作顺利。at the conc

22、lusion of 当结束时造句：At the conclusion of these words,the count rose to depart.说完这几句话，伯爵就站起身来，准备告辞了。124.condemn sb.to 判决condemn原始涵义：vt.谴责，指责We condemn all sorts of slanders.我们谴责一切诽谤中伤的言论。宣判；判处 How could she possibly condemn him to the horrible death of thetigers teeth and claws?她怎么可能判处他死在老虎的尖牙利爪之下呢？造句:T

23、hen you condemn me to live wretched and to die accursed?那么你就是判定我活着受罪，死后要受诅咒了？125.on condition th a t以为条件，假如同义替换：if造句：Ill do it on condition that you pay for everything.我可以做此事，条件是你得支付一切费用。in th a t因为同义替换：because造句：The courtesy of nations allows you my better,in that you are the first-born.各国的风俗承认你有比我

24、优越的位置，因为你是长子。now that 既然同义替换:since造句：Now that the technical problems have been settled.既然有关技术问题已经解决for all that 尽管同义替换：although造句：For all that,the brute was there.虽然如此，但兽性并未消失。88.be busy with sth.忙于某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事真题重现:Alone in a deserted house,he was so busy with his research work that hef

25、elt anything but lonely.他自己呆在一个废弃的屋子里忙于自己的研究工作，以至于一点都不感觉到孤独。（1990词汇）造句：He is busy with proving up a coal deposit.他正忙于勘探煤层。He is too Busy doing God knows what.他太忙，不知道究竟在忙些什么。89.last but one 倒数第二.造句：The problem is the last But one.这是倒数第二个问题。81.on board到船上，在船上，上火车或飞机造句:Everybody on board was worded and

26、 we were curious to find out what hadhappened.飞机上的人都很着急，大家都想了解出了什么事。82.boast of(or about)吹嘘boast原始涵义：n.自吹自擂，自夸的话Talent is his boast.他自夸有才.vt.&vi.自夸We must never brag and boast.我们决不可自吹自擂。真题重现：Given all these disadvantages,central bankers seem to have had much to boastabout of late.如果考虑到所有这些不利因素，中央银行家

27、们最近似乎有了夸耀的资本。(1997阅读)造句：Thats nothing to boast of.那没什么好夸耀的。83.out of breath喘不过气来breath原始涵义：n.呼 吸 The joggers paused to catch their breath.慢跑者们暂停下来以便呼吸。造句：The 5-mile run left us all out of breath.五英里的长跑让我们都上气不接下气了。85.in bulk成批地，散装的bulk原始涵义：n.大部分；大量；散装 The bulk of the work usually starts in one depart

28、ment.大量的工作通常在一个部门先开始。造句：They needed flour in bulk to bake bread.他们需要大量的面粉来烤面包。76.for the better 好转造句：His illness has taken a turn for the better.他的病有了好转。77.get the better of 打败，胜过同义替换：defeat sb.造句：You always get the better of me at chess.你下国际象棋总是赢我。78.by birth在出生上，论出身,按血统at birth在出生时;give birth to 出

29、生造句：Im a Chinese by birth.我生在中国,是个中国人。Mans nature at birth is good.人之初，性本善。Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son,but was determined tofinish college.艾德琳 艾华里斯18岁结婚并生有一子，但她决心要读完大学。80.be in blossom开花（强调状态）come into blossom开花（强调动作）blossom原始涵义：n.花丛，花簇 The oriental cherry is in full blosso

30、m,樱花盛开。vi.开花 In March the peach blossomed.三月桃花开。造句：All the shrubs are in blossom.灌木丛中花团烂漫。The plum trees come into blossom in winter梅树冬天开花。66.turn ones back on s b.不理睬（某人），背弃，抛弃同义替换：turn away from sb.in an impolite way造句：We cannot turn our back on the world outside.我们不能不去理睬整个世界。67.behind ones back背着

31、某人（说坏话）造句：Dont speak ill of him behind his back.别在背后说他坏话。68.be based on upon 基于base原始涵义：n.基础,底座The lamp stands on a circular base.这盏台灯是装在圆形底座上的。基地，根据地The country maintains military bases on foreign soil.那个国家在国外设有军事基地。vt.把.建立在，以.为基础 One should always base ones opinion on facts.我们应总是把自己的观点建立在事实的基础上。基于

32、；以为根据(on,upon)He based the book on his own life.他根据他自己的生活写这本书。vi.基于(on,upon)Fluctuating prices usually base on a fickle publics demand.物价的波动往往因公众需求的变化而造成。真题重现：Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible,because scoring isnow based on a statistical population distribution among age peers

33、.人们已经不可能得到像萨凡特那么高的分数了，因为现在的得分以各年龄段的人口统计学分布为依据。(2007阅读)造句：A visual interface is based on visual patterns.视觉模式是视觉界面的基础。69.on the basis o f 根据，在.基础上basis原始涵义：n.基础,要素：基点 The simplest basis for classification is in terms of structure ortexture.最简单的分类基础是结构或构造。真题重现：On the basis of their models,scientists a

34、re of the opinion that the climate of theworld should be becoming cooler.科学家根据他们的模型，认为全球的气候应该是在变冷。（1992阅读）造句：On the basis of the evidence we deduced that he was guilty.根据这些证据，我们推论他是有罪的。70.beat.at在运动项目上打赢beat原始涵义：v i.(心脏等)跳动His heart was still beating.他的心脏还在跳。(翅膀)扑扇；有节奏地拍动；颤动，震动The wings of the sea g

35、ull were beatingfrantically.海鸥的翅膀在疯狂地扑扇着。vt.&vi.接连地击打It is wrong to beat others.打人是不对的。vt.打败 At last they beat their enemy,最终，他们打败了敌人。n.敲打，敲打声 We heard the beat of a drum.造句：He said that no one could beat him at tennis,but he had to eat his words afterlosing several games.他说过打网球谁都赢不了他，可是输了几场比赛后他不得不认

36、错了。l.It is in(or with).as in(or w ith).It is in life as in a journey.人生好比旅途。It is in studying as in eating；he who does it gets the benefits,and not he whosees it done.读书和吃饭一样，得到利益的是那些实际在吃的人，而不是旁观的人。It is in mind as in body which must be nourished by good food.精神和身体都必须有好的食物来营养。2.as good as/as well as

37、It is as goos as done.这就和做好了一样。It is broad as well as long.那既长且宽。as good a s 有两个含义：(1)amounting to；not falling short of；等于；同样；几如；不欠缺He was as good as his word,他不爽约。(2)virtually；essentially；in every essential respect 其实；实在；在各要点上He is as good as dead already,宛如死人；行尸走肉；名存实亡as well a s 有四个含义：(1)no less

38、than；equally with 等于；不下于；亦；一样好I have understanding as well as you.(2)both.and.；one equally with the other与、两者皆Work in moderation is healthy as well as agreeable to the human constitution.适度劳动对身体给予快感，又有益卫生。(3)与 not only.but also有连带关系He has experience as well as knowledges He has not only knowledge bu

39、t alsoexperience.(4)可以代替 better thanAs well(=better)be hanged for a sheep as(=than)for a lamb.窃钩如窃国，与其盗小羊。3.As it is其含一义为：as it stands；to state the matter as it really stands；as a matter offact；in reality.相当于：实际上；就实际情况而言；根据(现在)情况看；就现在这个样子等等。它用来指事物的单数；即指前面的单数名词。如果指事物的复数，则用Astheyare”.如果用来指人时,则为 as I a

40、m/you are/she/he is/we are/they are.as iti s 的过去式为as it was.其位置可以放在句首，句末或句子中间。(1)用于句首，注意前后时态与该结构保持一致As it is,we can not help him.As it was,we could not help him.(2)用于句末Lets keep it as it is.You mustnt go to the ball as you are.你不能这样去参加舞会。有 时 it可以省略为as is ,意即：照现在的样子，常指 不再修理或改进 等情况。He has an old radio

41、 as is.他有一台没有修理过的旧收音机。Ill sell it to you as is,but dont complain if it doesnt work.(3)句中时，用逗号把它从前后隔开A.虚拟语气句式+but+as it is/w a s,该结构意为：其实；事实上I thought things would get better,but as it is,they are getting worse andworse.The rice could have been got in yesterdy if the weather had been fine,but asit wa

42、s,it had to be left in the fields.B.过去分词+as it is,表示强调前面的过去分词Written as it is in an interesting way,this book is enjoyable to young and oldalike.Published as it was at such a time,his work attrached much attention.C.现在分词+as it does(d id)。意为：因为这样，(实际)所以.Living as he does in Shanghai,he knows the plac

43、e extremely well.Reading as he did many times,he could recite it fluently.几个类似的结构：A.as it stands根据目前情况来看As it stands,it is certain that our country can realize the four modernizationahead of schedule.B.such as it is不怎么样，质量不过如此The room,such as it is,is very bright.C.as it were=as if it were so.属虚拟语气，

44、用于插入语。不可以与as it is 混淆He is，as it were,a living dictionary.Comrade Lei Feng still lives,as it were，in our heart.97.be cautious of 谨防cautious原始涵义：adj.小心的，谨慎的He is a cautious investor.他是个谨慎的投资者。造句：He is always cautious of giving offence to others.他一直注意不得罪人。92.be capable o f 能够，有能力be capable of being+过去

45、分词 是能够被的capable原始涵义：adj.有能力的，有技能的；能力强的;足以胜任的Hes a capable businessman.他是一位很有能力的业务员。造句：She is capable of judging works of art.她有鉴赏艺术品的能力。This sewing machine is capable of being improved.这台缝纫机是可以改进的。111.keep company with 和.要好同义替换：be friendly and go out togethercompany原始涵义：n.公司 The company is an intern

46、ational trader in grain.这家公司是国际粮食贸易公司.伴随，陪伴 Light and color,peace and hope,will keep them company to theend,or almost to the end,of the day.光线与色彩，和平与希望，将伴随他们一生，或几乎一生。客人，朋友 People judge a man by the company he keeps.人们从一个人所交的朋友来判断其人。伙伴关系，同伴 We terminated our relation with the company。我们结束了伙伴关系。造句：The

47、y married after keeping company with each other for one year.他们交往一年后就结婚了。pare.with.把与比较compare原始涵义：vt.&vi.比较，对照 Compare your answers with those at the back of the bookto see if they are right.把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。真题重现：Its true of the old family firms that they lacked efficiency compared withmodem

48、 companies.与现代公司相比，古老的家族公司的确是缺乏效率。（1996阅读）造句：My English cannot compare with his.我的英语不及他。pare.to.把比作真题重现：A technologist can be compared to an artist because they are both expertsin spatial thinking.可以将技工比作艺术家，因为他们都是空间思维方面的专家。（1996阅读）造句:Compare to his early work,this be a rather slight novel.这部小说与他早期作

49、品相比，不甚重要。114.by comparison 比较起来comparison原始涵义：n.比较,对照The comparison hold good!这个比较是贴切的。造句：The pair of shoes are cheaper by comparison.相比之下这双鞋要便宜些。115.in comparison with 和“.比起来同义替换：in contrast to造句：Man is an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society.与社会的其余部分相比，人类是不重要的一部分。106.charge.

50、for 因.索取（费用）,造句:How much do they charge for advertising?他们索取多少广告费？107.round the clock 昼夜不停地同义替换：all day and all night,usually without stopping真题重现：They had been working round the clock for a couple of days hoping to getthe design out before their competitors did.他们昼夜不停地干了几天，希望先于竞争者把设计搞出来。（1997词汇）造句：