2022年大学英语考试模拟卷198测.pdf

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1、2022年大学英语考试模拟卷（本卷共分为1 大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总 分 100分，60分及格。）单位:姓 名：考 号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.What did the Japanese investors worry aboutA.Russias poor business environment.B.Russias tariff barriers.C.Russia s investment policies.D.Russias economic reforms.2.When did

2、Israel stop transferring customs and tax funds to thePa Iest i n i an Author i tyA.Last week.B.Wednesday.C.Last September.D.Last Month.3.Why do the rebels and param iIitaries fig h t each otherA.To control the government.B.To control the peasants.C.To control the army.D.To control the coca fields.4.

3、Where do the young hatchA.In a hole.B.In the water.C.Under the mother?s tail.D.In the motherJ s mouth.5.What kind of dispute strain s the relationship between Japan and RussiaA.Debts.B.Ideology.C.Territory.D.Economic.6.How can we avoid a worldwide water shortage in the futureA.We can invent ways of

4、increasing rainfall.B.We can develop ways of reusing water.C.We may use less water.D.We may build fewer steel plants.7.B I Quest i ons 21 and 22 are based on the follow ing news.At theend of the news item,you wi11 be given 10 seconds to answer the twoquestions.Now Iisten to the news./I/B According t

5、o Pakistan,what kind of support does it give to the rebelsA.Financial.B.Technology.C.Weapon.D.Moral.8.Why does the crocodiIe put her babies in her mouthA.To keep them warm.B.To protect them from harm.C.To transport them to the water.D.To clean them.9.Which of the fol lowing is trueA.Water can be use

6、d only once.B.Used water can be recycled.C.Recycled water is unfit for drinking.D.Only rain water is drinkable.10.How long does the mother wait for the young to hatchA.Five weeks.B.Ten weeks.C.Twelve weeks.D.Fifteen weeks.11.What was the fund raised forA.For earthquake disaster in Africa.B.For devas

7、tated flood in Africa.C.For famine relief in Africa.D.For disease affected area in Africa.12.I Questions 9 and 10 are based on the fol lowing news.At theend of the news item,you wi 11 be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now Iisten to the news./IHow did he want to bring about true democracy i

8、n HaitiA.By releasing all opposition politicians.B.By arming the public.C.Through popular insurrection.D.Through election.13.PoIi cewomenA.work together with policemen on the graveyard.B.do the same thing as policemen.C.can have days off but policemen cannot.D.don t have to work double-backs.14.IB 1

9、 TEXT A/BAn airI iner travel I ing from London to New York may take from five tof i fteen hours to cross the At I ant i c,while a space capsule makes onecomp Iete circuit of the earth in about n i nety minutes.The sequence ofevents is very sim ilar in both types of fIig h t:the vehicIe must takeoff,

10、c I i m b to a su i tab Ie hei ght,fly in the r i ght d i rect ion at a relativelyconstant speed for an appropriate time,descend,and land at thedest i nat i on.Yet a I though fl ights to New York are rout i ne affairs whicha I most anyone may safe Iy undertake,a f I i ght into space is a hazardousad

11、venture for which only a few seIected men are at present consideredsuitable.The most obvious difference between an aircraft and a space vehicIeis that of speed,but this alone cannot account for the greater staminarequired of astronauts.The human body is unaffected by speed alone andwe are norma 11 y

12、 quite unconsc i ous of the earth1 s rotation on its axis,or of its rapid motion around the Sun.Of much greater importance is therate at which the final speed is achieved,for the body is extremelysensitive to alterations of veIocity,or accelerations,especially ifthey are sudden.An airI iner can take

13、 a comparatively long time to reachits cruising speed of,say,400mph,and its passengers wi11 experienceacceleration only to a mi Id degree.The space capsule,however,must behurled through the atmosphere to reach its final speed of 18,000 mph asquickly as poss i b I e,and the acce I erat i on app I i e

14、d by the I aunch i ng rocketmust be correspondingly high.The firs t problem of manned space fI ight,therefore,is to match the performance of the rocket to the body1 stolerance foracceleration,and this naturally invoIves a study of the physiologicaleffects of acceleration.Like al I other acceleration

15、s,gravity acts upon objects to producea force,and this force is experienced as weight,or as pressure.It isusual and convenient to regard the earth1 s gravity as a standard unit,referred to as Ig,and also to use the expressions MforceM andacceleration as interchangeable.Most of our knowI edge of the

16、phys i oIog i caI effects of accelerationhas come from studies on human centrifuges,in which acceleration isproduced by rotation instead of by changing speed.It has been found thathuman tolerance is greatly affected by the direction in which the forceacts.When the acceleration is appI ied in I ine w

17、ith the long axis of thebody,the early symptoms are merely of d ifficu lty in liftin g the armsand legs,and of being thrust down into the seat.If the accelerationis raised to 3g or so,vision becomes sIightIy misty or veiled.As thestress is increased further,the field of view contracts from the edges

18、,unti I at about 4.5g only a smalI patch of central vision remains.Withyet higher accelerations,even this smal I area is lost,and this is thestate we 11 known to fighter pi lots as Mb I ack-out.Finally,at about 5.5gto 6g consciousness is lost.The remedy fo11ows logically:if tolerance depends upon th

19、e ab ilityof the heart to push blood to the head,it shouId be possible to reducethe load by shortening the distance between heart and brain.Crouching,or bending the head forward,would be one solution,but an even moresatisfactory result can be achieved by placing the body across the I ineof thrust.Th

20、e effort needed to pump blood to the brain is then quitesma11,for the heavy fluid does not have to be I ifted very far.In thisposition men have,withstood an acceleration of 17g for a period of threeor four minutes without loss of consciousness.Gravity and acceleration become important once more duri

21、ng there-entry of the space capsule through the earth s atmosphere.In thisphase,al I the speed acquired at the cost of so much fuel during the I aunchmust be lost.Deceleration has exact I y the same properties andphysioIogicaI effects as acceleration,and the same precautions must betaken to avoid ex

22、ceeding the I imits of tolerance.This is why the Amer icanplan invoIves turning the whole capsule round shortly before re-entry,so that the man is again pressed back into his protective couch.The highest,and shortest,deceleration of the entire fIigh t comesat the moment of impact with the land or wa

23、ter.Here the last remnantsof the speed must be lost very suddenly,and forces of up to 30g can easi lyaccompany descent to an unyieIding surface.The duration of this finalinsult is so short,however,that its physioIogicaI effects areneg Iigib Ie.No doubt the astronaut would regard the jo lt as a we I

24、comeindication of his return to a normal 1g environment.What is the passage mainly concerned aboutA.Physiological problems of space flight.B.Speed and gravity of space flight.C.Gravity and acceleration of space flight.D.Acceleration and deceleration of space flight.15.B Get r id o f w as t e/B.On ce

25、 t he fu n damen t a I in fr as t r u ct u r eis in p lace,t he co n cep t o f t he ext en ded en t er p r is e0 co mes in t o p lay.It s n o t ju s t abo u t iin t egr at ed lo w es t-co s t1 man u fact u r in g an ds t r eamIin ed dis t r ibu t io n p r o ces s es,a I t ho u gh bo t h ar e key co

26、mp o n en t s.It in v o I v es t akin g w as t e o u t o f t he en t i r e v alu e chain t hr o u gh effect i v elyimp Iemen t in g t echn o Io gy,a Io n g w it h bu ildin g s t r o n g aliian ces an dp ar t n er s hip s.Take Gen er al Elect r ic(GE),w ho has in fo r med it s s u p p l ier st hat it

27、 w i11 co n du ct it s en t ir e p r o cu r emen t p r o ces s o n t he In t er n et v iaelect r o n ic p r o cu r emen t co mmu n it ies.So if a co mp an y w an t s t o do bu s in es sw it h GE,it n eeds t o do it GE s w ay-o n lin e.B Kn o w t hecu s t o mer s./B Bes t-p r act i ce co mp an i es t

28、 o day hav e a deep u n der s t an d i n go f t heir cu s t o mer bas e an d t heir I ev e I s o f s at i s f act i o n w it h t heirp r o du ct s an d s er v ices.E-bu s in es s w i11 hav e a dr amat ic imp act o n t ho s eco mp an ies w ho co n t in u e t o mar ket t heir p r o du ct s an d s er v

29、 ices v ia t heco s t Iy face-t o-face dir ect s ellin g mo de I.Co mp an i es w ho fo s t er o n lin eco mmu n it ies an d co mmu n icat io n s w it h t heir cu s t o mer s w i 11 en jo y cu s t o merIo yaIt y an d mar ket s har e.In fo r mat io n is p o w er.Fin ally,n o n e o f t heo t her t hr e

30、e co r n er s t o n es is v er y mean in gfu I w it ho u t accu r at e p r o fitin fo r mat io n.The s t r eamI in i n g p r o ces s is imp o s s ible w i t ho u t clear an daccu r at e in fo r mat io n abo u t t he co mp an y,s act iv it ies an d co s t s.Kn o w in gw hich cu s t o mer s t o n u r

31、t u r e an d w hich o n es r eq u ir e mo r e effo r t-ev en amo d i f i cat i o n o f p r o du ct an d s er v ice deliv er y mo de Is is cr it ical t ou n der s t an din g cu s t o mer p r o f it abi I it y.Makin g u p p r o f it def icien cies inv o lu me fr o m o n e cu s t o mer s et s u bs idiz

32、in g an o t her is an o xymo r o n in aw o r ld o f cu s t o m p r o du ct s an d s er v ices.In a w o r ld w her e each cu s t o mercan s p ecify exact Iy w hat he w an t s,v o Iu me p r o du ct dis s o I v es i n t o lo t s i zeso f o n e.If yo u t hin k yo u hav e p r o fit mar gin s q u eeze t o

33、 day,imagin e ho wmu ch t ight er t hin gs can beco me w hen yo u r cu s t o mer s can co mp ar e s ho p so n lin e!Kn o w I edge o f t r u e co s t s is imp er at iv e.What is the author1 s main intention in writing the passageA.To tell why you should shift to e-business.B.To inform you of some ste

34、ps to bring your business online.C.To suggest that e-business will replace the conventional business model.D.To advice you to regard the four cornerstones as your e-business model.16.BTEXT D/BNot surprisingly,interaction among peopIes of different cultures isoften fille d with uncertainties and even

35、 d ifficu lties.Take the matterof the Ianguage of space,identif ied by the anthropologist Edward T.Hall.He notes that Arabs tend to get very close to other peopIev closeenough to breathe on them.When Arabs do not breathe on a person,it meansthat they are ashamed.But Americans insist on staying outsi

36、de the rangeof other people9 s breath,viewing the odour as distastefuI.Arabs ask,Why are Americans so ashamed They withhold their breath.Americanson the receiving end wonder,“Why are the Arabs so pushy“Americanstypica11y back away as an Arab comes close,and the Arab fol lows.Suchdifferences can have

37、 serious consequences.For example,an Arab businessrepresentative may not trust an American who backs off.And the Americanmay distrust the Arab for seeming so pushy.Culture is a taken-for-granted aspect of Iife,one we commonlyoverlook as we go about our daily activities.Yet it touches al I aspectsof

38、our I ives.Alexander Al land,Jr.a sociologist,provides the followingdescription:I remember watching a bI ind student several years ago walking across thecampus of a Iarge state uni versity.He guided himseIf with a cane,tappingit against the sidewaIk which ran in spokes from building to building.AI t

39、hough he knew the campus well,on that particular occasion he becamedistracted for a moment and wandered onto the grass,where he i mmed i ate I ylost al I sense of direction.His movements became disorganised as hesearched hope I ess I y for a b i t of cement.He became visib ly pan i eked unt i Ia pas

40、sing student came up and led him back to the appropriate path.Onceagain he was able to continue toward his class unaided.I was struck by the sim ilarities of this situation to the situation ofa 11 human be i ngs who have grown up within a part icu lar soc i a I env i ronment.Out of an incredibly Iar

41、ge number of possible ways of living successfu11y,al I normal human beings operate within a narrow framework of convention.The convention is sometimes Iimiting and perhaps to certainindividuals unsatisfying,but it provides a set of rules which act asgu i de Ii nes for act i on.What does the Ianguage

42、 of space refer toA.Language used in space science.B.Language used by peoples of different cultures.C.Language that may cause misunderstanding between people.D.One of the non-verbal languages.17.BTEXT B/BChristmas is a sad season.The phrase came to Char I ie an i nstant afterthe alarm clock had woke

43、n him and named for him an amorphous depressionthat had troub I ed h i m a 11 the prev i ous even hag.The sky outs ide his wi ndowwas b I ack.He sat up i n-bed and pulled the I ight chain that hung in frontof his nose.Christmas is a very sad day of the year,he thought.Of al Ithe mi 11 ions of peopIe

44、 in New York,I am practically the only one whohas to get up in the cold black of 6 a.m.on Christmas Day in the morning;I am practically the only one.He dressed,and when he went downstairs from the top floor of ther o o min g ho u s e in w hich he I iv ed,t he o n ly s o u n ds he hear d w er e t he

45、co ar s es o u n ds o f s Ieep;t he o n ly I ight s bu r n in g w er e I ight s t hat had beenfo r go t t en.Char Iie at e s o me br eakfas t in an a 11-n i ght lu n ch w ago n an dt o o k an e I ev at ed t r a i n u p t o w n.Fr o m Th i r d Av en u e,he w a I ked o v er t o Su t t o nPI ace.The n

46、eighbo u r ho o d w as dar k.Ho u s e aft er ho u s e p u t in t o t he s hin eo f t he s t r eet I ight s a w al I o f black w in do w s.Mill io n s an d mill io n s w er es Ieep in gv an d t his gen er al lo s s o f co n s cio u s n es s gen er at ed an imp r es s io no f aban do n men t,as if t h

47、is w er e t he fa 11 o f t he cit y,t he en d o f t ime.He o p en ed t he i r o n-an d-gI as s do o r s o f t he ap ar t men t bu ildin g w her ehe had been w o r kin g fo r s ix mo n t hs as an elev at o r o p er at o r,an d w en tt hr o u gh t he eIegan t lo bby t o a lo cker r o o m at t he back.

48、He p u t o n a s t r ip edv es t w it h br as s bu t t o n s,a fals e as co t,a p air o f p an t s w it h a I ight blu es t r ip e o n t he s eam,an d a co at.The n ight eIev at o r man w as do zin g o n t helit t le ben ch in t he car.Char I ie w o ke him.The n ight elev at o r man t o ldhim t hick

49、ly t hat t he day do o r man had been t aken s ick an d w o u ldn,t bein t hat day.Wit h t he do o r man s ick,Char Iie w o u ldn9 t hav e an y r elieffo r Iu n ch,an d a lo t o f p eo p Ie w o u ld exp ect him t o w his t le fo r cabs.Char I ie had been o n du t y a few min u t es w hen 14 r an g-M

50、r s.Hew in g,w ho,he hap p en ed t o kn o w,w as kin d o f immo r al.Mr s,Hew in g hadn t been t obed yet,an d s he go t in t o t he eIev at o r w ear in g a lo n g dr es s u n der herfu r co at.She w as fo 11 o w ed by her t w o fu n n y Io o k i n g do gs.He t o o k herdo w n an d w at ched her go