amanda安装_计算机软件及应用_IT计算机_专业资料.pdf

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1、Amanda安装网上关于amanda的教程很多，但基本安装平台都在Centos7.0前，我的平台是7.0的，所以各种各样的问题出现在我安装的过程中，差点放弃！为了自已可以温习和大家少走弯路，把自己的安装过程写下来。1.首先配置hosts文 件，如下图：172.16.0.94为客服端，172.16.6.69为服务端。然后把hosts文件复制到服务端#scp/etc/hosts 172.16.6.69:/etc/hosts输入密码完成复制。2.客服端安装软件包：#yum install-y AmandaAmanda-develAmanda-client3.#Vim/etc/xinetd.d/Ama

2、nda很多教程中socketjype=dragm protocol=u d p不知道为什么，我做的时候出错，看了一些国外的方法我把客服端和服务端改成一样了还有server中lib和 Iib64要注意，好像7.0后只有64位 了，编辑完成后重启xinetd#systemctl restart xinetd4.#vim/var/lib/Amanda/.amandahosts5.创建要备份的文件夹#mkdir data#cd/data#touch 12 3#测试用,随意建我们要注意amanda这个用户，安装软件后我们生成的用户为amandabackup,是没有amanda这个用户的，所以我们在/et

3、c/passwd中加：6.服务端安装：#yum install-y amandaAmanda-server Amanda-devel7.#scp 172.16.0.94:/etc/xinetd.d/Amanda/etc/xinetd.d/Amanda端相同。#systemctl restart xinetd 重启进程/xinetd配置和客服8.#vim/var/lib/Amanda/.amadahosts9.修改amanda配置文件#vim/etc/amanda/DailySet1/Amanda.conforg server 设置使用amanda的单位或者机构的名称mailto rootloc

4、alhost 指定将报告发送的邮件地址dumpuseramanda 指定使用Amanda备份的用户，默认为amanda用户dumpcycle 7days/设置备份周期的长度，单位也可以是weeks,在这里设置7days和1 weeks的效果是一样的。runspercycle 8 设置每个备份周期内amanda运行的次数tapetype HARD-DISK/设置存储类型labelstr ADailySet1-0-90-9*$定义卷标格式logdir 7var/log/amanda/指定日志存放路径，默认存放在amanda配置目录下tpchanger chg-disk 更换磁带的脚本changer

5、file 7etc/amanda/DailySet1/changertapedev file:/amanda/DailySet1 指定存储位置define dumptype root-tar 定义转存储类global/调用前面定义的global类型program GNUTAR/使 用GNU tar作为备份程序，默认是DUMPcomment root partitions dumped with tar 描述该类型的信息compress none/不采用压缩index yes/备份集索，必须为yes(默认为no),否则在恢复的时候将不能找到可恢复的索引信息priority low)define

6、tapetype HARD-DISK/定义磁盘类型comment disk-to-disklength 1000 mbytes)9.创建虚拟磁带#mkdir-p/amanda/DailySetl#amanda.conf 中 tapedev 项#cd/amanda/DailySetl#for n in seq 1 8;domkdir/Amanda/DailySetl/slot$n;done#touch info#ln-s slotl data#创建 链接文件#chownamanda.disk/amanda#更改目录属主，备份时使用amanda用 户，必须使其有权限 10.添加备份项，这里备份19

7、2.168.4.138上的/data目录#vim/etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklistC comp-root-tar#最后一行注释掉创建tapelist文件#touch/etc/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist#chownamanda.disk/etc/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist 制作虚拟磁盘卷标与使用磁带机一样，使用前也需要为虚拟磁盘创建卷标#su-amanda$/usr/sbin/amlabel DailySetl DailySet1-01 slot 1#若成功则显示如下，其它省略changer:got exit:0 str:

8、1 file:/amanda/Dailyset1labeling tape in slot 1 (file:/amanda/Dailyset1):rewinding,reading label,not an amanda tape(Read 0 bytes)rewinding,writing label DailySetl-01,checking label,done.$for(i=2;ilistdisk200-List of disk for host client201-/data200 List of disk for host clientamrecoversetdisk/data20

9、0 Disk set to/data.amrecoveramrecoversetdate 2010-09-30200 Working date set to 2010-09-30.amrecoverls2010-09-30 yum.conf2010-09-30 yp.conf2010-09-30 xinetd.conf2010-09-30 rwtab2010-09-30 rpc-More-amrecoveradd yum.conf#查看磁盘#选择磁盘#选择日期#列出备份过的文件#增 加 还 原 内 容yum.confadd/为还原全部内容到/data目录Added/yum.confamreco

10、veradd xinetd.conf#增加还原内容 xinetd.confAdded/xinetd.confamrecoverextract#取出这两个文件Extracting files using tape drive null:on host 192.168.4.142.The following tapes are needed:DailySet1-08Restoring files into directory/dataContinue?/Y/n?YExtracting files using tape drive null:on host 192.168.4.142.Load ta

11、pe DailySet1-08 nowContinue?/Y/n/s/t?Y./xinetd.conf./yum.confamrecover还原结束。退 出amrecover,进行查看amrecover quit200 Good bye.rootclient data#IItotal 16-rw-r-r-1 root root 1001 Oct 8 14:31 xinetd.conf-rw-r-r-1 root root 333 Oct 8 14:31 yum.confrootclient data#amadmin 工具(下面英文较多，自己看)amadmin控制amanda备份的管理接口配置文

12、件configAmandaamadminconfig command commandoptions如果disklist文件中没有指定磁盘时，命令中将需要指定hostname disksBoth hostname anddisksare special expressions,see the HOST&DISKEXPRESSION section of amanda(8)for a description.force-bump hostname disks*+强制 hostname 上的 disk 在下一次amanda运行时使用增量备份force-no-bump hostname disks*+

13、强制 hostname 上的 disk 不在下一次amanda运行时使用增备份unforce-bump hostname disks*+不使用 force-bump 或force-no-bump 命令force hostname disks*+强制 hostname 上的 disk 在下一次 amanda 运行时使用完全(level 0)备份unforce hostname disks*+不使用强制命令reuse tapelabel .在它们周期结束后重新使用tapeno-reuse tapelabel.在它们周期结束后不重新使用tape，如果tape用尽，amanda则请求新的tape并使计

14、数正确。due hostname disks*查看下一次完全备份的时间 find -sort hkdlpb hostname disks*Display all backups currently on tape or in the holding disk.The tapelabel or holding disk filename,file number,andstatusare displayed.The-sort option changes the sort order using the followingflags:h host name k disk name d dump d

15、ate I backup level p dump part b tapelabel o An uppercase letter reverses the sort order for that key.The defaultsort order is hkdlpb.delete hostname disks*+删除 disk 如果没有从 disklist 中去掉 disk,则下一次运行时amanda将认为它是一个新的diskbumpsize显示当前预先预留的全部备份等级的入口参数balance -days 显示分配的备份时间表export hostname disks*将 amanda中的数

16、据记录转换为文本格式，用于将该文件传送到另外的amanda服务器并输入 import amanda数据库的导入（参照export）disklist hostname disks*显示所有在 hostname 中的 disk 的信息。通常用作查找调试debuginfo hostname disks*显示所有在 hostname 中的 disk 的 amanda 数据库的记录信息。通常用作调试debugEXAMPLES（示例）Request three specific file systems on machine-a get a full level 0backup during the ne

17、xt Amanda run.$amadmin daily force machine-a/var/usramadmin:machine-a:/is set to a forced level 0 tonight.amadmin:machine-a:/var is set to a forced level 0 tonight.amadmin:machine-a:/usr is set to a forced level 0 tonight.Request all file systems on machine-b get a full level 0 backup during the nex

18、t Amanda run.$amadmin daily force machine-bamadmin:machine-b:/is set to a forced level 0 tonight.amadmin:machine-b:/var is set to a forced level 0 tonight.amadmin:machine-b:/usr is set to a forced level 0 tonight.amadmin:machine-b:/home is set to a forced level 0 tonight.Undo the previous force requ

19、est for/home on machine-b.The otherfile systems will still get a full level 0 backup.$amadmin daily unforce machine-b/homeamadmin:force command for machine-b:/home cleared.Locate backup images of/var from machine-c.The tape or file columndisplays either a tape label or a filename depending on whethe

20、r theimage is on tape or is still in the holding disk.If the image is ontape,the file column tells you which file on the tape has the image(file number zero is a tape label).This column shows zero and isnot meaningful if the image is still in the holding disk.The statuscolumn tells you whether the b

21、ackup was successful or had some typeof error.$amadmin daily find machine-c/vardate host disk Iv tape or filefile part status2000-11-09 machine-c/var 0 0001109-OK2000-11-08 machine-c/var 2 0001092-OK2000-11-07 machine-c/var 2/amanda/20001107/machine-c._var.2 0OK2000-11-06 machine-c/var 2 0001072-OK2

22、000-11-05 machine-c/var 2 0001063-OKthat may be transmitted to another Amanda machine andimported.import Convert exported records read from standard input to a formAmanda uses and insert them into the database on thismachine.disklist hostname disks*Display the disklist information for each of the di

23、sks onhostname(or all hosts).Mostly used for debugging.info hostname disks*Display the database record for each of the disks on hostname(or all hosts).Mostly used for debugging.EXAMPLESRequest three specific file systems on machine-a get a full level 0backup during the next Amanda run.$amadmin daily

24、 force machine-a/Zvar/usramadmin:machine-a:/is set to a forced level 0 tonight.amadmin:machine-a:/var is set to a forced level 0 tonight.amadmin:machine-a:/usr is set to a forced level 0 tonight.Request all file systems on machine-b get a full level 0 backup during the next Amanda run.$amadmin daily

25、 force machine-bamadmin:machine-b:/is set to a forced level 0 tonight.amadmin:machine-b:/var is set to a forced level 0 tonight.amadmin:machine-b:/usr is set to a forced level 0 tonight.amadmin:machine-b:/home is set to a forced level 0 tonight.Undo the previous force request for/home on machine-b.T

26、he otherfile systems will still get a full level 0 backup.$amadmin daily unforce machine-b/homeamadmin:force command for machine-b:/home cleared.Locate backup images of/var from machine-c.The tape or file columndisplays either a tape label or a filename depending on whether theimage is on tape or is

27、 still in the holding disk.If the image is ontape,the file column tells you which file on the tape has the image(file number zero is a tape label).This column shows zero and isnot meaningful if the image is still in the holding disk.The statuscolumn tells you whether the backup was successful or had

28、 some typeof error.$amadmin daily find machine-c/vardate host disk Iv tape or file file part status2000-11-09machine-c/var 0 0001109-OK2000-11-08machine-c/var 20001092-OK2000-11-07 machine-c/var 2/amanda/20001107/machine-c.var.2 0OK2000-11-06machine-c/var 2 0001072-OK2000-11-05machine-c/var 2 000106

29、3-OK2000-11-04machine-c/var 2 0001052-OK2000-11-03machine-c/var 2 0001042-OK2000-11-02machine-c/var 2 0001032-OK2000-11-01machine-c/var 1 0001025-OK2000-10-31machine-c/var1 0001013-OKForget about the/workspace disk on machine-d.If you do not alsoremove the disk from the disklist file,Amanda will tre

30、at it as anew disk during the next run.$amadmin daily delete machine-d/workspaceamadmin:machine-d:/workspace deleted from database.amadmin:NOTE:you?.l have to remove these from the disklist yourself.Find the next tape Amanda will use(in this case,123456).$amadmin daily tapeThe next Amanda run should

31、 go onto tape 123456 or a new tape.Show how well full backups are balanced across the dump cycle.Thedue-date column is the day the backups are due for a full backup.#fs shows the number of filesystems doing full backups that night,and orig KB and out KB show the estimated total size of the backupsbe

32、fore and after any compression,respectively.The balance column shows how far off that night?,backups are fromthe average size(shown at the bottom of the balance column).Amanda tries to keep the backups within+/-5%,but since the amountof data on each filesystem is always changing,and Amanda will neve

33、rdelay backups just to rebalance the schedule,it is common for theschedule to fluctuate by larger percentages.In particular,in thecase of a tape or backup failure,a bump will occur the followingnight,which will not be smoothed out until the next pass throughthe schedule.The last line also shows an e

34、stimate of how many Amanda runs will bemade between full backups for a file system.In the example,a filesystem will probably have a full backup done every eight timesAmanda is run(e.g.every eight days).$amadmin daily balancedue-date#fs orig KB out KB balanceThe last line also shows an estimate of ho

35、w many Amanda runs will beThe last line also shows an estimate of how many Amanda runs will bemade between full backups for a file system.In the example,a filesystem will probably have a full backup done every eight timesAmanda is run(e.g.every eight days).$amadmin daily balancedue-date#fs orig KB o

36、ut KB balance11/10 Mon21930389768753+5.1%11/11 Tue291236272733211+0.2%11/12 Wed311552381735796+0.6%11/13 Thu231368447684552-6.4%11/14 Fri321065603758155+3.6%11/15 Sat141300535738430+0.9%11/16 Sun311362696740365+1.2%11/17 Mon301427936773397+5.7%11/18 Tue111059191721786-1.3%11/19 Wed191108737661867-9.5%TOTAL241124121877316312731631(estimated 8 runs perdumpcycle)FILES/usr/local/etc/amanda/config/amanda.conf