中考形容词副词复习与练习.doc
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1、中考形容词副词专项复习 编制: 审核: 学习目标:1。注意形容词、副词在句中的作用。2比较级及最高级的构成,一些不规则变化,以及用法。3掌握有关形容词及副词的一些句型及用法。4形容词修饰不定代词的用法。考点精析 一、形容词:用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用:作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置:作定语时放在名词的前面。形容词修饰名词。如:a big yellow wooden Chinese ship(一个黄色的大型中国木船)前置形容词(作定语)的顺序为: 冠词+描述性形容词(pretty/ugly/kind等)+表特征形容词(大形
2、新年色)+专属形容词(国籍等)+材料 +名词作表语时放在连系动词之后,构成系表结构。如:The idea sounds great. 连系动词主要有:be(am, is, are), look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感到,摸起来).作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean. keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词(作宾补)后置的情况: 修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如:Something serious has h
3、appened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)及表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如:Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)二、副词:用来说明事情发生时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类:(见下表)时 间 副 词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,h
4、ow,too, also,yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so,then, early, late,always,anywhere,rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, inside, out,much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,so
5、metimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等,的副词where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little,
6、a bitwhen,2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用:(副词可以修饰动词、形容词或副词,也可放句首修饰整个句子。)作状语: 时间副词:一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。 频度副词:一般放在be动词之后或者助动词及主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。 方式副词:一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如:Old people can har
7、dly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光) 地点副词:一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如:There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He w
8、alked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回) 程度副词:修饰动词时,放在动词之前;修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面;only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如:I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的
9、耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车) 疑问副词:用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如:When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生?)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上?)/ How do you do?(你好!) 连接副词:用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still
10、a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事) 关系副词:用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如:This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉
11、我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法) 其它副词:too“也”,用在句尾;also放在动词前;either “也”(用于否定句),放在句尾;nor“也不”,放在句首;so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前;on/off“开/关”放在动词之后;not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在句首或动词之前。如:He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的
12、票就在你的里边衣袋里) / -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。) (2)作表语:地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如:Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)(3)作定语:时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语
13、,放在名词的后面。如:People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代的女人过着可怕的日子)(4)作宾语补足语:地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如:Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开!它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in
14、and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)注意 “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则代词放在动词及副词之间,如果宾语是名词则可以放中间,也可放后面。如:He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。) 类似的有:put it/them on take it/them off turn it/them on/off hand it/them in三、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类:形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(
15、1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est :b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est:c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est:(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好;(身体)好的,bad, badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的;更mo
16、st最多的;最much许多的(不可数);非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的;远地farther更远的;更远地farthest最远的;最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法:级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.
17、She does not think swimming is as interesting as hiking.注意I dont think否定前移句型比较级不同程度(用于两者比较)比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级(越来越)The + 比较级,the + 比较级(越, 越)He is growing taller and taller.He studies bett
18、er and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand.最高级最高程度(用于三者或三者以上)The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略注意:有些形容词,如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制,没有比较级。5、形容词比较级及最高级的特殊用法举例: His bike is newer than he
19、rs. (见到than 必须用比较级) Jim is the tallest in our class.(在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围) Jim is the tallest of all (the studens). (见到of all 要用最高级) = Of all the students, Jim is the tallest. Jim is the tallest of the three. (见到of the three要用最高级) Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ? (两者比用比较级) Which is the biggest
20、, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ?(三者或三者以上比用最高级) This ruler is short , Please give me a longer one. Id like the bigger (one) of the two cakes.(两者中“较”用“the+比较级”) Tom is two years older than I. 汤姆比我大两岁。 Tom is twice as old as I. 汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is bigger/larger/smaller
21、 than yours. 我们学校的学生数目比你们学校大/小。(两个数量/目只级比较大小,不能比较多少(价格price只能比较高低,用“high”或“low”,不能比较贵或便宜)6、比较级及最高级的互换Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个男孩都高)= Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高)= Jim is taller than any of the other boys in our class.= Jim is the tal
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