初一英语全册语法知识点汇总.docx
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1、初一英语全册语法知识点汇总 当我第一遍读一本好书的时候,我仿佛觉得找到了一个挚友;当我再一次读这本书的时候,仿佛又和老挚友重逢。我们要把读书当作一种乐趣,并自觉把读书和学习结合起来,做到博览、精思、熟读,更好地指导自己的学习,让自己不断成长。让我们一起到学习啦一起学习吧!初一英语语法大全 初一英语语法虽然是从简洁的一些日常用语动身的,但语法中常会有一些学问点看起来很细小,简单被忽视,但这些学问点驾驭不娴熟,往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时,要仔细、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。 下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,假如要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下, 一
2、、初一英语语法——词法 1、名词 A)、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不行数名词,而不行数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下: 一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties,
3、comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的干脆加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourse
4、lves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但假如是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数
5、。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式干脆加s或’s。如:Is (I’s
6、), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特别形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要运用全部格形式。构成如下: 一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的干脆在s后加’,假如不是以s结
7、尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day老师节, classmates’ Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节 三)由and并列的名词全部时,假如是共同全部同一人或物时,只加最终一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间) 2、代词 项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 第一人称
8、 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 其次人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词 A) 第三人称单数 当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应当像名词的单数变动词那样加
9、s,如下: 一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的干脆加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特别的有:are-is, have-has B) 现在分词
10、 当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要运用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下: 一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字
11、母+一个辅音字母(留意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最终的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级 我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要运用比较或最高级形式。构成如下: 一) 一般在词后加er或est(假如是以e结尾则干脆加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter
12、 –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest,
13、 friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特别状况:(两好多坏,一少老远) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词 (基变序,有规则;
14、一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、初一英语语法——句式 1.陈述句 确定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks very young. (连系动词) c) I want a sweat l
15、ike this. (实义动词) d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词) e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构) 否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice. c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll. e) There isn’t a cat he
16、re. (=There’s no cat here.) 2. 祈使句 确定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry. 3. 疑问句 1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? 确定
17、回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t. 2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small. 3) 特别疑问句 问年
18、龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones. 问缘由 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 What’
19、s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock. When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00. 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your fa
20、vourite color? It’s black. 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can
21、see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen. What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben. What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13
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