中考复习动词形式时态语态.docx

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1、第21节动词分类及动词时态动词的分类中考单项选择对动词的考查主要涉及动词(包括实义动词和感官动词)、动词短语、情态动词、非谓语动词(只考查动词不定式)。完形填空中也涉及实义动词词义辨析，而词语运用中对动词的考查主要是和时态相结合。【版权所有：21教育】预计中考单选仍会从动词短语、情态动词、动词不定式方面来考查。完形填空主要考查动词词义辨析。中考重难点突破动词的分类动词分类动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为4类，即行为动词，也称实义动词，(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。情态动词将在第三节中具体讲解。中考侧重于感官动词的考查，偶尔也涉及实义动词的辨析。动词作为句子的核心成分，学生应重点掌握。1动词

2、的分类动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：动词宾语。如：He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。动词宾语宾语补足语。如：They asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：m

3、ake，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：I will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。如：Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。(2)系动词的用法系动词本身没有词义

4、，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常考系动词的分类类别功能例词表示状态表示主语所处的状态。am，is，are，was，were表示持续表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态。keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官表示人体感官的系动词。look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示状态变化表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态。become，get，go，grow，turn常见用法的注意事项： 一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐”，可用于进行时。如： Its

5、getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。(3)助动词的用法助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：分类作用beam/is/are现在分词现在进行时was/were现在分词过去进行时be过去分词被动语态do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气havehave/has过去分词现在完成时had过去分词过去完成时havebeen现在分词现在完成进行时will/shallwill/shall动词原

6、形一般将来时would/should动词原形过去将来时【易错点提醒】will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。(4)情态动词的用法2动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式。be，do，have，come第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加s。workworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加es。gogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加es。flyfliesstudyst

7、udies过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加ed。workworkedstaystayed在以e结尾的动词后只加d。closeclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed。studystudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ed。stopstoppedplanplanned现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加ing。sleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ing。smilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母

8、再加ing。sitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。diedyinglielying动词辨析近几年的中考真题不难看出动词辨析是中考的一个必考点。主要涉及实义动词辨析，感官动词辨析等这种题目多会在单选和完形填空中出现。这种题目主要考查学生平时对单词的记忆。中考考点精练()1.(2015南京中考)Whats wrong with Simon He isnt at school today.His legs hurt . He was _by a motorcycle this morning.AtreatedBHit Coper

9、ated Dcured()2.(2015滨州中考)Mom is making dinner. It _ so nice!Asmells Btastes Cfeels Dsounds()3.(2015沧州9中模拟)Why didnt you buy any bread Sorry，I _.Aforget BForgot Cremember Dremembered()4.(2015安徽中考)The running water makes the stones _ very smooth.Asound Btaste Csmell Dfeel()5.(2015连云港中考)Oh，my God! I _

10、my notebook in my bedroom.It doesnt matter. Ill lend you mine.Aforget Bforgot Cleave Dleft()6.(2015江西中考)Fresh food is good for you.But you have to _ it first because sometimes it is a little dirty.Ataste Bsmell Cwash Dplant()7.(2015保定8中模拟)Lao Shes Teahouse _ the changes in Chinese society over fifty

11、 years.Adescribes BImproves Cprepares Dcorrects()8.(2015盐城中考)The librarian told me that I could _ these magazines for three days.Aborrow BBuy Ckeep Dreturn()9.(2015扬州中考)When you _ yourself with others，you miss the wonder of who you are.Acompare BCommunicate Ccontact Dconnect()10.(2015无锡中考)The school

12、 network will be shut down for safety reasons.That doesnt _ me at all. Im not a networm，anyway.21世纪*教育网Asatisfy BSurprise Cworry Dinclude()11.(2015邯郸35中模拟)My brother _ to move the heavy box，but I didnt give up. Areminded BRefused Cagreed Dconsidered()12.(2015秦皇岛中考模拟)The girl is greatly interested in

13、 the song.The lyrics of it _ her thoughts and feelings.Aexpress BDiscuss Cexpect Dimagine()13.(2015唐山一模)Im sorry I left my homework at home. Shall I go and _ itNo，you neednt. Bring it here tomorrow.Aget Bsend Ctake Dpass()14.(2015承德中考模拟)Who reached the station on timeI _！ In fact，I arrived there 5 m

14、inutes earlier.Awas Breached Cdid Ddo()15.(2015廊坊中考模拟)I dont _ the heat，for Im used to hot weather.Alike Bmind Cknow Dstand()16.(2016原创预测)He is an honest boy.I have no reason to _ what he said.AhearBdoubtCrepeatDbelieve()17.(2016原创预测)It _ about eight minutes for sunlight(阳光)to travel from the sun to

15、 the earth.Atakes Bspends Ccosts Dpays()18.(2016原创预测)He always doesnt know where to _ for vacation.Ago Blead Cmake Dinvite()19.(2016原创预测)We all know that learning a foreign language _ time and effort.Arequires Breduces Cremoves Drepeats()20.(2016原创预测)I got a message saying my phone number won a priz

16、e worth $3 ，000.Too good to be true. Dont _ it.Ado Bhold Cmake Dbelieve动词短语动词短语在意义上相当于一个实义动词。动词短语辨析是近年来各省市中考常考点，同一个动词与不同介词或副词的搭配、不同动词与同一个介词或副词的搭配会产生不同意义的动词短语。动词短语的词义辨析试题旨在通过题干或微型语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语的不同搭配识别、记忆及动词短语词义的辨析并恰当运用动词短语的能力。分析中考真题可看出单项选择对动词短语的考查主要集中在三方面：(1)同一动词不同介词；(2)不同动词同一介词；(3)不同动词不同介词。A同一动词

17、不同介词。如：get短语：get up，get off，get to，get inturn短语：turn on，turn off，turn up，turn downB不同动词同一介词。如： cut down，look down，turn down，put downput up，get up，look up，wake upC不同动词不同介词。如：put on，take off，look for，cut down中考考点精练()1.(2015鄂州中考)I hope to be a volunteer on weekends.You could help to _ the city parks.Ac

18、heer upBmake up Ctake up Dclean up()2.(2015淄博中考)Hurry up! The plane will _ at six oclock.Aput off Btake off Cget off Dturn off()3.(2015攀枝花中考)Dont _ too late，or you will feel tired next day.Awake up Bget up Cstay up Dshow up()4.(2015抚顺中考)Dont worry.I can help you _ your pet cat when you go on a trip.

19、Alook up Blook at Clook after Dlook like()5.(2015乌鲁木齐中考)Have you read little women yetYes.It was so fantastic that I couldnt _.Aput it off Bput it down Cput it away Dput it up()6.(2015昆明中考)Waiter，I ordered beef noodles，but I cant see any beef in the noodles!_ your glasses and you can see the beef.AP

20、ut off BPut up CPut on DPut into()7.(2015随州中考)As we know，many successful people never _ no matter what difficulties theyve had.【来源：21网】Astay up Bcheer up Ctake up Dgive up()8.(2015河南中考)Jane is very busy these days，for she has a lot of problems to _.Adeal with Bkeep up with Cagree with Dcome up with(

21、)9.(2015孝感中考)These problems are too hard to _ .Will you give me some adviceThere are many ways. The most important is to have a careful plan.Ahand out Bwork out Clook out Dbreak out()10.(2015莱芜中考)_！ Its not the end of the world. Lets try again.APut up BSet up CCheer up DPick up()11.(2015十堰中考)_these

22、past three years，I remember many things.ALooking up to BLooking out CLooking back at DLooking after()12.(2015宜昌中考)The organization Wild Aid is _ to protect wild animals.It has done a lot so far.Acheered up Bpicked up Ctaken up Dset up()13.(2015邢台二模)Spring has come.We cant_ the plan. The trees must b

23、e planted this week.Aput off Bmake up Ccome up with Dlook up()14.(2015保定8中模拟)When will _ your new book _？It has not been decided yet.Afind out Bcome out Clook up Dset up()15.(2015唐山9中模拟)This bus doesnt go to the train station.Im afraid youll have to _ at the library and take the A52.Atake off Bput o

24、ff Cget off Dturn off()16.(2015承德2中模拟)Do you _ your son after schoolNo.He comes back home on the school bus.Apick up Blook after Cdrop in Dsend for()17.(2016原创预测)CoCo Lee was born in Hong Kong but _ in America.Apicked up Bgave up Cgrew up Ddressed up()18.(2016原创预测)After hours of discussion，we finall

25、y_ a new way to solve the problem.Acame up with Bcaught up with Ckept up with Dput up with()19.(2016原创预测)We should think of others if we want to _them.Aget on well with Bhear of Cget ready for Dhear from()20.(2016原创预测)Mr.Wang is _ his wallet at home，but he cant find it anywhere.Alooking out Blooking

26、 up Clooking at Dlooking for情态动词情态动词为历年的必考点，主要为其基本用法和词义辨析，如：may在疑问句中表请求，neednt表示没必要，cant表否定推测和不能。特别是must的各种用法，如：must表肯定推测和强制命令。尤其注意在have to和must的问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。同时，也涉及情态动词在被动语态中的运用。设题形式多为单句或对话形式，且词数为1016。21教育网c-n-j-y 常见情态动词的用法情态动词用法例句can表示能力，意为“能、会”。Sam can speak English well.

27、Sam英语讲得很好。表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句。She cant be at home now because I saw her out.她现在不可能在家，因为我看见她出去了。表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。Can I borrow your bike？我能借你的自行车吗？couldcan的过去式，意为“能、会”， 表示过去的能力。Lang Lang could play the piano well when he was young. 在疑问句中表示委婉的请求Could I have one cup of tea？我可以要一杯茶吗？must表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”

28、。You must finish your homework first！你首先必须完成你的家庭作业！表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句，表示“一定”。 The coat must be Marys because her name was on it. 这个大衣肯定是玛丽的，大衣上面有她的名字。should/ought to意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议。1.We should protect the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。2.You ought to teach them carefully.你应该耐心地教导他们。may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。You

29、 may sit here if you want.如果你想的话，你可以坐在这儿。表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能，也许”。She may come back tomorrow，but I am not sure.她可能明天回来，但是我不确定。mightmay的过去式。He asked if he might go home.他问是否他可以回家了。表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉。Might I smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？表示推测，常用于肯定句，意为“可能、也许”(可能性比may小)。It might rain tomorrow.明天可能有雨。need表示需要、必须，主要

30、用于否定句和疑问句中。You neednt say sorry to him.你不需要对他说对不起。情态动词的其他用法一、must和have tohave to表示因外部因素而使得某人“不得不”；must表示主观上感到“有必要”。此外，must只有一般现在时，表示“过去”通常用had to，表示将来要用will have to。have/has/had to动词原形，在改否定句或疑问句时要外加助动词do/does/did。如：21教育名师原创作品She has to stay at home and look after her sick mother.她得待在家里照顾生病的妈妈。Does s

31、he have to stay at home and look after her sick mother？她得待在家里照顾她生病的妈妈吗？Must I go there with you？我必须和你去那儿吗？二、can和be able to两者表“能力”时用法相同，但can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式，其他时态要用be able to来表示。另外，be able to常常有“做成了某事”的意味。如：21*cnjy*comJim cant speak Chinese.吉姆不会说中文。We will be able to see him next week.下个星期，我们将会看到

32、他。三、can和may1can和may均可用来表示请求或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/May I help you？我能帮助你吗？2can与may表示可能性时的区别(1)在肯定句中表推测时，may表示具体事情实际发生的可能性，can表示客观的(理论上的)可能性。(2)在疑问句中表推测时用can(可能)，不用may。(3)在否定句中表推测时用cant(不可能)，may not(可能不)。如：She may be in the classroom.她可能在教室里。Where can they be now？他们现在可能在哪儿？四、maybe和may be前者是副词，意为“大概，或

33、许”，与perhaps/probably同义；后者属于情态动词，may与be动词用，意为“或许是”。 如：Maybe she is in the office.或许她在办公室。She may be in the office.她或许是在办公室。五、cant和mustnt表否定推测时应用cant。mustnt意为“禁止，不允许”，不用来表推测，在肯定句中可用must表推测，意为“一定”。21cnjy六、情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词bedone(过去分词)”。做题时要兼顾情态动词和语态这两个方面的用法。如：More and more trees must be pla

34、nted in China.在中国，越来越多的树必须被种植。注意：(1)由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用neednt。如：Need I answer the question？需要我回答这个问题吗？Yes，you must/have to./No，you neednt.是的，你必须回答。/不，你不需要。(2)need作为实义动词有人称和数的变化，后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to的动词不定式；可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中。如：She doesnt need to see the doctor. She just needs a rest. 她不需

35、要看医生，她只需要休息一下。中考考点精练()1.(2015德州中考)Mr.Wang，must I come again to clean the classroom on SundayNo，you_.I have asked Kate to do it.AcantBmustnt Cneednt Dshouldnt()2.(2015广安中考)Look! It _ be David in the classroom.It _ be him. Because I saw him in the library a moment ago.Amay；mustnt Bmust；cant Ccan；cant

36、Dmustnt；can()3.(2015保定8中模拟)Harrys been driving all day，he _ be tired.AneedBcanCshallDmust()4.(2015潍坊中考)I have been to the moon twice. You_ be joking! Its impossible! AcanBmayCmustDneed()5.(2015安徽中考)Do you have any plans for this Sunday Im not sure.I _ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.Acan

37、BmustCmayDneed()6.(2015江西中考)Nathan likes his job because he _enjoy the beauty of nature. Acan BMust Cshould Dis supposed to()7.(2015聊城中考)Will Karen come to our partyShe hasnt decided yet .She _ come.Aneed Bmust Cmay Dhas to()8.(2015日照中考)You_ go through the security check(安检) before getting on the tr

38、ain.AcanBmightCmayDmust()9.(2015青岛中考)You_ return the book now.You can keep it until next week if you like.Ahave to Bcant Cmustnt Dneednt()10.(2015绵阳中考)Look! Here comes your moms car.It _ be hers. She sold her car yesterday.AmustBcantCneedntDmight()11.(2015保定17中模拟)People _ drive after drinking alcoho

39、l(酒)Its against the law.Amustnt Bneednt Ccouldnt Dwouldnt()12.(2015扬州中考)You look pretty in green，Kate.Thank you.I like green. Green _ give me energy.Acan Bmust Cshould Dhas to()13.(2015安徽无锡中考)I think we need to sit down and have a talk.I _ agree more.Lets take the bench over there.Acould BcouldntCsh

40、ould Dshouldnt()14.(2015上海中考)Mom，_ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrowIt is closed on Monday.Amust Bmay Cshould Dneed()15.(2015常州中考)Who will give us the speech on public mannersMr.Brown _，but Im not sure.Acan Bneed Cmust Dmight()16.(2015石家庄)Mom，must I take out the trash nowNo，you _.You may take a rest

41、 first.Amustnt Bcant Cshouldnt Ddont have to()17.(2015石家庄The manager says that theres no hot water after 8：00 tonight.You mean we _ go to bed without a shower.How terrible!Acan Bhave to Cmay Dcould()18.(2015承德)Excuse me.Can you tell me what time it is nowSorry，I _.My watch doesnt work.Acant Bmay not

42、 Cmustnt Dneednt()19.(2015石家庄)Look at the “No parking” sign. You _park your car here.Ashould Bmust Cneednt Dmustnt()20.(2015唐山)How nice that Lucy has been invited to the party too!Well，Lucy_ not come. She is not certain whether her mother will allow her to.Amight Bwould Cmust Dneed动词时态考点一一般现在时1. 概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语(1)概念： 一般现在时表示主语经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力及自然现象等。(2)句式结构(肯定句)有以下四种：句式结构例句be+表语She is a beautiful girl. There beThere is a schoolbag on the desk. have(got)Ive