英文复习材料(共19页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上选择题1.Situation 1 After a busy week, Jim, an American, was looking forward to spending Saturday reading and relaxing by himself. How do you think Jim felt?a)Jim probably had mixed feelings when he saw Magid. He was happy to see him, but felt disappointed that he couldnt spend the time al

2、one. b)Jim was a little bit upset by the sudden dropping by of Magid. c)Jim was so happy to see Magid that he forgot about wanting to spend the day by himself. Situation 2 One Saturday morning, Magid was home and didnt have much to do. How do you think Magid felt? a) Magid was probably offended. b)

3、Magid understood that Jim wanted to be by himself that day.c) Magid understood that Jim was a little bit upset because he dropped by without calling first.Situation 3Jim asked Magid to come into his home. Why do you think Magid was a little uncomfortable?a) Magid thought that Jim should have asked h

4、im to stay longer. b) Magid thought that he didnt stay long enough.c) Magid couldnt understand why Jim thanked him for coming.Why do you think Jim was uncomfortable?a) Jim thought that Magid should have stayed longer. Three hours was too short for a visit.b) Jim thought that Magid should have apolog

5、ized for visiting without calling first. c) Jim thought that Magid had stayed too long and that he should have said something like, Im sorry if Ive disturbed. 2.Kenneth, an American student, met Amir, a Muslim student who recently arrived in the United Stated from Saudi Arabia, and they decided to h

6、ave dinner together at the university cafeteria. Amir was greatly displeased with Kenneth because in the Muslim world 1. the right arm is sacred and cannot be touched by any other persons.2. the left hand is considered unclean and it cannot be used to handle food. 3. the left hand is profane and tou

7、ching someone with it is very offensive. 4. the left hand is sacred and cannot be used for touching anything not holy.5. the right arm can only be touched with the right hand.3.An American university student Tom is active in a foreign student club at his university and has several good friends from

8、different countries. Try to figure out at least three things among the following Tom did that the visitors regarded impolite.1.Tom invited them to visit his home but didnt invite them to have dinner with him.2.Tom opened the gift as soon as he was presented with it.3.Tom thanked them only twice for

9、the gift4.Tom didnt make a second offer of drinks when they refused the first. 5.Tom talked about the cost of living of the U.S.A.6.Tom didnt ask them to stay longer when they said they had to be leaving. 7.Tom didnt go out to see them off. 8.Tom didnt promise to return them a visit later.4.After go

10、ing out for some time, Qian Rong and Peter have become very intimate lovers. Peter was greatly displeased with Qian Rongs comment because in North America1.Being overweight is considered unhealthy. 2.Friends can joke about each others weakness, lovers cant.3.People are more concerned about having go

11、od food than having a good figure.4.Men are also very sensitive about their physical appearance. 5.One shouldnt point out a flaw that his/her sweetheart is only too aware of. 5.Li Hong: Hello, my name is Li Hong.Paula: Hi, Im Paula.交谈禁忌不能谈的话题：price(价格) marriage(婚姻) income(收入) religion(宗教) age(年龄) pa

12、rty(党)能谈的话题：fashion(时尚) weather(天气) music(音乐) sports(体育) hobby(业余爱好) arts(艺术) travel(旅行) food(食品) holiday(假日) TV programs(节目) education(教育) film(电影) book(书) a local or national event(一个当地或一个国家的事件)6.If in the dining hall, a fly was seen in a glass of beer, Comment : We know social interactions may va

13、ry greatly owing to different cultural backgrounds. In this case, peoples different reactions toward a fly in a beer reveal not only their individual personality but also the orientation of their nations mainstream culture, e.g. the Englishs seriousness(认真的，严肃的), the Frenchs arrogance(傲慢), the Spani

14、shs generosity(慷慨), the Japaneses critical approach(苛刻), the Arabs sarcasm(讽刺，挖苦) and the Americans humor(幽默).7.During a lunch buffet at a conference in China, Wu Fa, the interpreter of the conference, sat with four foreign participants. Comment : Wu Fa was trying to be helpful at the buffet. Even t

15、hough a buffet means that everyone could pick his/her own food, she felt that she should take care of the foreign participants. Chinese often say “no” when people offer them something, just to be polite, thus Wu Fa did not really take the rejection to her first offer to help seriously. Western peopl

16、e are familiar with buffets, and one of the rules they are taught is not to take more than they can eat. Wu Fas effort at kindness, which she couched in the terms, “I cant eat this much food myself”, came across as being silly and greedy. If she could not eat as much as she took, why did she take it

17、? Western people will sometimes say “no” to be polite, too. It can be difficult to know if someone is just being polite or if they truly mean “no”. However, Western people usually dont hesitate to accept food offer at table if they want more helpings. Furthermore, one can easily help oneself during

18、a buffet, so their “no” should be taken as “no”. 8.Study the dialogue between two Americans and two Chinese and an American and a Chinese about “ airport ride request”. Comment : This case demonstrates the American direct and Chinese indirect verbal interaction styles. By comparison, Chinese tend to

19、 beat around the bush. They are not forthright enough, so that Westerners often perceive them as insincere and untrustworthy. Americans tend to use a straightforward form of request whereas Chinese tend to ask for a favor in a more roundabout and implicit way. Indirect requests can help both parties

20、 to save face and uphold harmonious interaction. When the hearer detects a request during a conversation with the speaker, the hearer can choose to either grant or deny the request. If the hearer decides to deny it, he or she usually does not respond to it or subtly changes the topic of conversation

21、. Consequently, the speaker discerns the cues from the hearer and drops the request. An implicit understanding generally exists between a speaker and a hearer in Chinese culture that is essential to maintain relational harmony at all costs in everyday social interaction. So when Chinese and American

22、s communicate with each other, misunderstanding becomes highly probable because they each adhere to their habitual verbal styles.9.Linda was a young Puerto Rican girl studying in a New York City high school. Comment : American parents and teachers tell children, Look at me when Im talking to you! Am

23、ericans feel sure that the other person is listening if they can see his or her eyes. They think that it is important to make eye contact during a conversation. To Americans, its a sign of openness and honesty. It shows respect. Americans think that a person who doesnt look at them may be hiding the

24、 truth. According to the English saying “Dont trust anyone who wont look you in the eye,”although there was no proof of Lindas wrongdoing and although she had a good record, the principal decided she was guilty and suspended her without being aware in some other cultures, children are taught not to

25、look directly at someone. They learn that looking directly at a person shows a lack of respect. In Japan, for example, prolonged eye contact is considered rude, threatening and disrespectful. People from Latin American and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. Arabs, On the

26、 other hand, look directly into the eyes of their communication partners, and do so for long periods. They believe such contact shows interest in the other person and helps them assess the truthfulness of the other persons words. However, Americans generally avoid eye contact with complete strangers

27、 on the street. Parents teach their children not to stare at strangers. Small children are curious about the world. They enjoy seeing new things and new kinds of people. They often stare at anyone who looks different. Don t stare. It s not polite. is what their parents teach them.10.(今天承蒙各位光临，不胜荣幸。我

28、们略备粗馔，聊表寸心，没有什么可口的东西，不成敬意，请大家多多包涵)“I am very happy to have all of you here today. Though these dishes are coarse and not delicious and good enough to show my respect for you I hope you will enjoy them”Comment : What Li said is just some formulaic polite expression common in type; almost all Chinese

29、people know this and could hear that nearly everywhere. As far as the literary meaning is concerned, Lis words are inappropriate, but they do convey the meaning of respect. Here, the language form is different from its content, a phenomenon only found in the Eastern culture. However, this case happe

30、ned in America, and the audience was American. America is a country with highly valued individualism and they express themselves rather directly. They could not understand the Easterners over-modesty, for they tend to comprehend what they hear literally, and a clash was inevitable. If you want to en

31、ter an American company, and say, “My ability is limited”. Then, mostly likely you will be refused. A common response may be, “If you have limited ability, why should I hire you?” On the contrary, if you say how capable you are, he may hire you. So the reaction of the restaurant boss was nothing unu

32、sual. If Li Hongzhangs words were translated into: “The cuisine of your country is really great. It is my great honor to have a chance to entertain you with them”，then everyone would have been happy. So learning a foreign language well means more than mastering the pronunciation, grammar and express

33、ions. It also means learning its culture.11.While I was studying in America, I met an American classmate named Jimmy. 有关中西方对于借钱还钱差异的短文。老师留的作业。12.John, 28 years old, an Australian studying Chinese in Beijing, met Li Hua at a dance party. Comment : In Li Huas eyes, it is the time for her to bring John

34、 home to meet her parents. As for Li Huas parents, shaped by Chinese traditional thought patterns, they treat John as a future son-in-law and asked him many questions concerning his background and marriage plans. To John, six months of dating does not necessarily lead to marriage. In fact, there is

35、nothing wrong with either Li Huas parents or Johns attitudes. Great misunderstanding and conflict occur because they are behaving according to their own cultures and thought patterns.13.Chen Qing was a visiting scholar in an American university. Comment : Many Chinese people probably share Chen Qing

36、s embarrassment. Despite the growing Western influence in Chinese life, women and men who are friends still do not hug or kiss each other in public. Chen Qings reaction to the womans hug was quite predictable. However, people also need to feel that they fit into their social group. The fact Chen Qin

37、g had not learned to get used to hugging means that he was not yet really a part of the group with whom he socialized. As a result, he felt alienated. He was caught in the dilemma of still having Chinese sensibilities but living in a Western environment where hugging, whether at a time of meeting a

38、friend or at departing, usually has no sexual connotation. For the North Americans, hugging is warmer, more enthusiastic and less formal than a handshake and does not necessarily convey a romantic message. Chen Qings discomfort at hugging was wrongly interpreted as being unfriendly.14.Mr. Wang and M

39、r. Zheng were doing their MA course in TESOL at the former Canberra College of Advanced Education,Comment :The Chinese often mean something else beyond their polite words. This originates from the Chinese thought pattern of being modest. Chinese are usually ill at ease when talking about pay with fr

40、iends or relatives. If they cannot avoid giving a price, usually the price they offer is lower than the true price or value ( Of course, this has changed in recent years.) As far as Mr. Wang and Mr. Zheng were concerned, they felt rather bad about asking for payment considering favors from Dr Huang.

41、 On the other hand, they knew that Dr Huang would certainly pay them, so they gave a price lower than the standard, which they knew would be acceptable to Dr Huang. To their surprise, Dr Huang, though having Chinese blood, is totally westernized. In Dr Huangs eyes, it is perfectly all right to pay t

42、hem according to their agreement. This case again reminds us Chinese of the saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”.15.Huang Ping was meeting Zhou Ming, an old university friend from China in the street of New York City. Comment : Helping the old, the physically weak or the disabled has always be

43、en a nice Chinese tradition. It is not uncommon for young and healthy people to give their seats to elderly people, to pregnant women, to women with babies, to handicapped people on a crowded bus. If the former do not do so while the latter are around, other people may make very unfavourable comment

44、s on their behaviour or even make them do so. Refusing to help someone who needs assistance or turning a blind eye to someone less fortunate is considered to be unkind or rude. The people being helped will most likely accept the offer gratefully. As a result, the overwhelming majority of Chinese wil

45、l do what Huang Ping has done. Zhou Mings comment seemed cruel and uncaring according to Chinese people. However, Zhou Mings advice is based on real experiences in many large North American cities. In the US, especially, people are very quick to sue someone else if anything goes wrong. If the elderl

46、y woman fell, she or a member of her family might indeed have sued Huang Ping. People have also heard such stories in which people like themselves have attempted to help strangers only to be attacked, robbed or sued. It is good to help those less fortunate, but one has to be sure not to put oneself

47、in personal danger needlessly.Red 红1. wedding or funerals：红白喜事2. black tea：红茶3. the world of mortals：红尘 4. A Dream of Red Mansions (中国人的译法)：红楼梦 The Story of the Stone(西方人的译法，石头记)5. Green Boy：贾宝玉6. red flag：红旗7.pace setter：红旗手8.advanced worker：先进工作者9. honor roll：红榜10. Being loyal to the party：一颗红心，两手

48、准备11. red eye：一种廉价的威士忌12.green-eyed：红眼病13.red vengeanc：表示血腥的报复14.a red flag：激怒15. red ruin：火灾(ruin意指毁灭)16.red alert：空袭警报17.have red hand = murder：杀人罪18.red-handed：双手沾满鲜血，杀人罪19.catch sb. red-handed：当场被抓获20.red tap：意指繁文缛节，复杂的手续.21.red cap：搬运工22.red hat：红衣主教(地位仅次于教皇)23.red ink：赤字24.in the red：亏损，赤字White：白色1.white：a spotless reputation 纯洁，清白2. white mark = legal market：合法市场3. white income = legal income：合法收入4. white men：诚实的人，可依