英语代词用法归纳(共10页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语代词的用法全归纳一、定义与分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况,在这九类代词中,不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。二:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词用法概述这三种代词都有人称(一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)的变化。其中,人称代词除了这三种变化外,还有格(主格、宾格)的变化。物主代词又包括两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意:形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代
2、词。这三种代词的形式变化表如下:人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits无itself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves三、人称代词的用法1) 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数
3、(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。如:I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student.Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.The boys are students, and they are in the room.The doy is small. It is Toms.2) 人称代词的句法功能A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语。B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。 如: I like music(主语). She is a
4、 teacher.(主语)She and I are good friends(主语).Neither she nor I am student.I saw the boys this morning.Are you sure it was they(表语)?It might have been she.C) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语,或者介词的宾语。如:I saw him at the party(宾语).I havent seen them recently.(宾语)I bought a book for them.(作介词宾语)=I bought them a book.(间接宾
5、语)注意:a.在口语中,人称代词的主格形式作表语时,常常可以用宾格替换。如:It cant be he/him.Is this Mr. Green?Yes, this is he/him.b. 在口语中,当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时,用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均可以。如:He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。You know more than she/her.She is as tall as me(I am).c. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如:“I like English.” “Me t
6、oo=I like English too.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”Who did it?Them.(=They did it)三、物主代词的用法1)定义:物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语,相当于一个形容词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,相当于一个名词词组,可以单独使用,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如:Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.(形容词性物主代词) My sister lost her bicycle.Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主
7、代词)2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能 a. 作主语如: May I use your pen? Yours works better. b. 作宾语如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。c. 作介词宾语I am writing with your pen, not with mine.d. 作表语如:My life is yours. Its yours. Its yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。3) 形容词性物主代词的用法A) 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其顺序是:形容
8、词性物主代词+形容词+名词。如: my new bike 我的新自行车 her young son 她年幼的儿子B) 形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。如: my pen我的钢笔 his books他的书C) 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它后面必须跟名词,即在名词前作定语。如:这是我的钢笔.误This pen is my.正This is my pen.D) 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词a, an或the来修饰名词。如:那是我的自行车.误That is my a bike. / That is a my bike.正That is my bike.3)当
9、名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词this, that, these或those来修饰名词。如:他们的电脑在这儿。误Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.)正Their computers are here. 注意:A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词,或代词one。它总是单独出现在句中。如:The umbrella is mine.He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers. B) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代
10、词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。 如:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag,可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. C) 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 -s属格结构.如: Jacks cap 意为 The cap is Jacks. His cap 意为 The cap is his. D) 可以说 a friend of mine (ours, y
11、ours, hers, his, theirs),=one of my friends;但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。E) 有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如:Dot lose heart. 别灰心She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。四、反身代词的用法1)定义:如人称代词一致,反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。2)反身代词的句法功能反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。如:He himself wa
12、s a doctor. (同位语)=He was a doctor himself.She is too young to look after herself. (宾语)I dont blame you, I blame myself(宾语).He cut himself when he was cooking.(宾语)That poor boy was myself.(表语)那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。注意:反身代词用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如:Ill be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。He d
13、oesnt feel himself today.Im not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 五、相互代词的用法英语的相互代词只有each other和one another,它们在句中通常只用作宾语,不能用作主语或状语等。如:Students should help one another. 学生应该互相帮助。We have known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。注意:相互代词可以有所有格形式(each others, one anothers)。如:They often stay in one anot
14、hers house. 他们常常在彼此的家里住。另外,有人认为 each other用于两者,one another用于三者,但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。6、 指示代词的用法1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如: 单数 复数限定词:This girl is Mary.Those men are myteachers.代 词:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.2) 指示代词的句法功能指示代词主要有四个,即this, that, these 和 those
15、。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。This is my book.(主语)I want that.(宾语)My book is that.(表语)I like that dress.(定语)注意:1. 为避免重复,可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词。如:The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground)My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市长座位旁边。2. 用来回指上文提到的事情时,可用this 或
16、that,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用 this。如:She is a beautiful girl.Who said that?I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点:她美吗?3. 在打电话时,通常用 this 指自己,用that指对方:Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?4. 除用作代词外,this 和that 还可用作副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,意为“这么”、“那么”,相当于 so。如:Ive done only that much. 我所做的就这么多。Is he alw
17、ays this busy? 他总这么忙吗?5. 指示代词this, that 和these在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句。如:(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)(错)He is going to marry this.(this作宾语时不能指人)(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语) H
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