(完整版)常用医学英语词根一.pdf

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1、1 常用医学英语词根词缀1 人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例心heart cardiao- cardial cardium / carditis / cardiology 脑brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum / encephalitis / encephalology 肺lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis / pulmonectomy / pulmonology 肝liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis / hepatobiliary / hepatology 胃stomach gast

2、ro- gastric gastritis / gastrointestinal / gastrology 胆gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis / cholinergic / cholecystectomy 肠intestine entero- intestinal enteritis / enterectomy / enterology 脾spleen splen- splenic splenitis / splenectomy / splenology 胰pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis /

3、 pancreatectomy 肾kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis / nephropathy / nephrology 2 与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma 血管vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular 静脉vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction 动脉artery arterio- arterio

4、logy/arteriole/arteriosclerosis 肌muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis 髓marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma 神经nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron 细胞cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte 尿urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital 体body somato-/some somatology/somatopsy

5、chic/chromosome 3 与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一（单）mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional 二bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide 三tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve 四tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia 五penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride 六hexa- hexachromic/ben

6、zene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund 七hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent 八octa- octahedral/octal system 九nona- nonapeptide/nonagon 十deca- decade/decagram/decaliter 注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀 +deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素） ，octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - -

7、- - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2 4 颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer 红red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer 白white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira 黑black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma

8、 黄yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma 蓝blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia 紫violet/purple 绿green 棕brown brown mixture / brown ring 橙orange Victoria orange / ethyl orange / orange G 粉红pink oink frothy sputum 绯红crimson 青铜bronzed bronzed diabetes 注：有些病名的“蓝” “紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”. 5

9、与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1) 含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis /-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy 病态-osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis 增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis 减少-penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia 无a-/an- atypical

10、 anuria/agranulocytopenia 小/微-let droplet/platelet/leaflet micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus 大/巨macro- macroscopic macronucleus/macrophage -megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly 复合 /多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia 全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic 6 与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2) 含义前（

11、后）缀示例相反dis- disease/disorder/disability 困难 /障碍dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea 不良mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice 炎症-itis appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis 瘤/块-oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma 血症-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia 痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

12、 麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia 流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea 坏死-necrosis/necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3 结石litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

13、 7 与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal 下lower/inferior infra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous 前front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis /pre- 后back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac 内nner/int

14、ernal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial 外outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial 间between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse 旁/副 on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal 周around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum 中心central centri-/centra-

15、centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus /centro- 反/对 opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication 注：in vivo /in vaivou/ 活体内 ; in vitro /in vaitrou/ 活体外或试管内；in situ /in saitju:/ 原位8 与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例切除-ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy 切开-tomy tracheotomy/hystero

16、tomy/craniotomy 切（割）-tome tracheotome/thoracotome 吻合-stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy 成形术-plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty 整（矫）形ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy 造影-graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography 经trans- transdominal/translateral/transurethral 注： ortho-也是 “

17、正” “原” 的前缀，如：ortho-acid （正酸）-graphy 为方法，如： electrocardigraphy 心电图检查术；graph 为仪器，如：electrocardigraph 心电图机； gram 为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram 心电图记录。9 与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例酸盐ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate 醇 -ol alcohol/propanol/taxol 醛 -al retinal/methylal/propanal 酮 -one acetone/progesterone/ketone 糖 glyco-

18、 glycogenolysis saccharo- saccharomyces -saccharide polysaccharide 酶 -ase reductase/transminase/kinase 素 -in penicillin/heparin/nuclein 原 -gen allogen/antigen/glycogen 苯基 /酚 phen-/pheno- phenol/phenate/phenetidin 氨基amino- aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrin 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下

19、载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4 10与“作用”有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例杀 -cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal 抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic 驱逐-fuge febrifuge/centrifuge 抗 -anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen 去/脱/除 de- dehydroprednisone/deterg

20、ent/desensitization 回/再/复 re- reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant 冷冻cryo- cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant 否/去/分离dis- disinfection/dissociate/dissection 向后 /退行retro- retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -