2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习--专题十　主旨要义-高考真题.pdf

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1、2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习专题十主旨要义Passage 1（2021 天津,B）When people ask me how I started writing,I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to workwith language.Having said that,I did not know for a long time what I was looking for.It was not until Ifollowed this feeling to its source that I discovered

2、 I had a passion for writing.With some encouragementfrom my colleagues,I had one of my poems published.This bit of success,however,was the point where myproblem began.Back in 1978,1 had to travel between three different campuses in the morning,teaching freshmancomposition.Afternoons I spent taking m

3、y daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons.I composed mylectures on the way,and that was all the thinking time I had.When I returned home,there was not enough ofme left for writing after a full working day.As a way out,I decided to get up two hours before my usual time.My alarm was set for 5:

4、00 A.M.Thefirst day I shut it off because I had placed it within arms reach.The second day I set two clocks,one on mynight table,and one out in the hallway.I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family wasawoken.This was when my morning writing began.Since that first morning in 197

5、8,1 have been following the habit to this day,not making or acceptingmany excuses for not writing.I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book waspublished.When I decided to write a novel,I divided my two hours:the first for poetry,the second for fiction.Well or badly,I

6、wrote at least two pages a day.This is how my novel,The Line of the Sun,was finished.If Ihad waited to have the time,I would still be waiting to write my novel.What 1 got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that 1 am in control.For many people,theinitial sense of urgency to create e

7、asily dies away because it requires making the tough decision:taking thetime to create,stealing it from yourself if its the only way.l.What motivated the author to start her writing career?A.Her strong wish to share.B.Her keen interest in writing.C.Her urgent need to make a living.D.Her passionate d

8、esire for fame.2.What problem did the author face when she decided to begin her writing?A.She was too exhausted to write after a busy day.第1页 共122页B.She had trouble in deciding on her writing style.C.She had to take time to discipline her daughter.D.She was unsure about her writing skills.3.Why did

9、the author place an alarm clock in the hallway?A.In case the clock in her room broke down.B.In case she failed to hear the ringing.C.To force herself out of bed.D.To wake up her family.4.How did the author manage to finish her novel?A.By sticking to writing every morning.B.By writing when her mind w

10、as most active.C.By drawing inspirations from classic novels.D.By reducing her teaching hours at school.5.What can we learn from the author5s success in her writing career?A.It is never too late to change your job.B.Imaginative ideas die away if not taken in time.C.A tight schedule is no excuse fbr

11、lack of action.D.Daily life provides ideas for creative writing.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。主题语境是人与自我，主题语境内容是认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我。作者主要讲述了自己是如何养成写作的习惯并取得成功的故事。1.B 解题指导细节理解题。根据题干中的“motivated”,将答案区域锁定在第一段。解析 本题题干意为:什么激发了作者开始她的写作事业?根据第一段中“.I find myself describing anurgent need that I felt to work with language.It was not u

12、ntil I followed this feeling to its source that Idiscovered I had a passion for writing.“可知，作者热爱写作,keen interest 强烈的兴趣。故选 B。拓展延伸 This bit of success,however,was the point where my problem began(先行词为point”,为抽象地点,所以用“where”来引导定语从句。类似词有:stage、activity situation等。2.A 解题指导推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句以及题干可将答案区域锁定在第二段。

13、第2页 共122页解析本题题干意为:当作者决定开始她的写作时她面临什么问题?根据第二段整段的描写:作者上午要在三个校园间来回奔波，下午要带女儿上课，工作了一整天后回到家已经没有精力去写作了（there was notenough of me left for writing after a full working day）。由此可推断作者忙了 一天后已经筋疲力尽，无力写作。故选A。3.C 解题指导 推理判断题。根据题干中的“an alarm clock in the hallway”可将答案区域锁定在第三段。解析 本题题干意为:作者为何在门厅处放一个闹钟?根据第三段最后两句I had to

14、jump out of bed andrun to silence it before my family was awoken.This was when my morning writing began.”可推断出作者这么做是为了强制自己写作。故选C。4.A 解题指导 细节理解题。根据题干中的“finish her novel”,将答案区域锁定在第四段。解析本题题干意为:作者是如何设法完成她的小说的?根据第四段第一句话可知,作者从1978年至今一直沿袭早起写作的习惯,从来没有为不写作找借口。故选A。stick to坚持。5.C 解题指导 主旨大意题。根据题干问题，纵观全文得出答案。解析本题

15、题干意为:我们可以从作者的写作事业的成功中学到什么?根据全文的叙述，我们知道作者一开始是因为觉得自己太忙,忙到筋疲力尽而没办法写作，后面利用早起的时间坚持写作，而她的总时间并没有增加。由此可知时间紧张并不是我们不去行动的借口。干扰项B 中Imaginative ideas和原文initialsense of urgency不一样，偷换了概念。故选C。审题技巧 除主旨大意题外，通常出题顺序即为文章的顺序。同时我们应善于抓住题干中的关键信息，再到文中去定位答案，如42题的problem、43题中的hallway、44题中的finish her novel。难句分析原句:For many peopl

16、e,the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making thetough decision:taking the time to create,stealing it from yourself if its the only way.分析:because引导状语从句.require doing 需要做.”，冒号后的内容为decision的具体内容。译文:对于许多人来说，最初要创作的紧迫感很容易就消失了，因为这需要做出艰难的决定:花时间去创作,如果这是唯一的方法，（那么就）从自己身

17、上偷来。Passage 2（2021 北京,B）I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期）project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.When the teacher introduced us to the differentorganizations that needed our help,my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children（OIC

18、）.My first impression ofthe organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.第3页 共122页Then,an OIC representative gave us some details,which somewhat interested me.After doing someresearch,I believed that we could really do something for those kids.Wh

19、en I went online to the OIC website,I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望）and need that I joined this project without hesitation.We decided to collect as many school supplies aspossible,and make them into kitsone kit,one child.The

20、most rewarding day for our group was project day,when all the efforts we put into collecting theitems finally came together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected,it hit me that every kit wewere to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months,

21、1 hadnever imagined how I would feel once our project was completed.While making the kits,I realized that I hadlost sight of the true meaning behind it.I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project andone I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kits were completed,and ready to b

22、e sent overseas,the warmfeeling I had was one I would never forget.In the beginning,I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now that our projectis over,I realize that I have affected not only one life,but ten.With our efforts,ten young boys and girls willnow be able to furt

23、her their education.l.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?A.It would affect his/her initial plans.B.It would involve traveling overseas.C.It would not bring him/her a good grade.D.It would not live up to his/her expectations.2.What mainly helped the author change h

24、is/her attitude toward the project?A.Images of Iraqi children.B.Research by his/her classmates.C.A teachers introduction.D.A representative comments.3.The authors OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to.A.become OIC volunteers B.further their educationC.study in foreign countries D.influe

25、nce other children4.What can we conclude from this passage?A.Ones potential cannot always be underrated.B.First impression cannot always be trusted.C.Actions speak louder than words.第4页 共122页D.He who hesitates is lost.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文，主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是志愿服务。文章主要讲述了作者参加一个帮助伊拉克儿童完成学业的志愿者活动的心路历程。1 .D 解题指导 细

26、节理解题。根据题干中“feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning”将目标信息定位在第一段的末尾。解析 本题题干意为:作者一开始是怎么认为参加OIC项目这件事情的?根据文章第一段最后一句话，“我”对这个组织的第一印象是它不会对“我 心中的计划产生足够的影响。选 项D“它没有达到他/她的期望，符合文意。2.A 解题指导 细节理解题。根据题干中“change his/her attitude”将目标信息定位在第二段中。解析 本题题干意为:什么主要使作者改变了他/她对这个项目的态度?根据第二段可知，“我”看到了伊拉克儿童的照片，他们的面孔如此

27、强烈地传递出绝望和需要的信息,以至于“我 毫不犹豫地参加了这个项目。这是作者态度的一个重要转变。3.B解题指导 细节理解题。根据题干中“help ten Iraqi children”将目标信息定位在最后一段。解析 本题题干意为:作者的OIC项目组将帮助十名伊拉克儿童_ _ _ _ _ _。根据文章最后一段最后一句话可知,是帮助他们继续接受教育。选 项B与文中信息表述完全一致。4.B 解题指导 主旨大意题。根据题干中“conclude from this passage”可判断此题考查学生理解文章或作者写作目的的能力。解析本题题干意为:我们可从这篇文章中总结出什么?A.一个人的潜力不能总是被低

28、估;B.第一印象不能总是可以被相信的;C.行胜于言;D.当断不断，必受其乱。从整个文章和最后一段得知，一开始这个项目没有达到作者的期望，而后来作者从中感受到温暖和意义，由此可知，不能总是相信第一印象。难句分析原句:When I saw the various supplies we had collected,it hit me that every kit we were to build that daywould eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.分析:这是一个主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句,主句中it作形式主语,第一个tha

29、t引导的从句作真正的主语。译文:当我看到我们已经收集到的各种物品时,我突然想到那天我们要做的每一套装备最终都将会到一个伊拉克孩子手里。Passage 3（2021 天津春,D）第5页 共122页There is something to be said for being a generalist,even if you are a specialist.Knowing a little about alot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole,well-lived life.Society pushes

30、 us to specialize,to become experts.This requires commitment to a particular occupation,branch of study or research.The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more aboutless and less.There is a great deal of pressure to master ones field.You may pursue training,degrees,orinc

31、reasing levels of responsibility at work.Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.But such commitment canalso weaken a sense of freedom.These specialists could work at the office until ten each night,then look bac

32、kand realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends,or traveled to exciting places,meeting interesting people.Mastering one thing to the exclusion（排除）of otherscan hold back your true spirit.Generalists,on the other hand,know a lot about a wide r

33、ange of subjects and view the whole with all itsconnections.They are people of ability,talent,and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective（视角）into specific fields of expertise（专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor,onewho can give so much more to his patients

34、than just good medical skills.Things are connected.Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas.Some of yourinterests may not appear to be connected but,once you explore their depths,you discover that they are.Myeditor Toni,who is also a writer,has edited several history b

35、ooks.She has decided to study Chinesehistory.Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter,she is equally interested to learnmore about Chinese philosophy.461 dont know where it will lead,but Im excited Im on this pursuit75These expansions into new worlds help us by giving u

36、s new perspectives.We begin to see theinterconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life,of ourselves and the universe.Developbroad,general knowledge and experience.The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.l.To become a specialist,one may have to.A.narrow his range of knowle

37、dgeB.avoid responsibilities at workC.know more about the societyD.broaden his perspective on life2.The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to.A.treasure their freedom第6页 共122页B.travel around the worldC.spend most time workingD.enjoy meeting funny people3.According to the author,a superior doct

38、or is one who.A.is fully aware of his talent and abilityB.is a pure specialist in medicineC.should love poetry and philosophyD.brings knowledge of other fields to work4.What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?A.Passion alone does not ensure a persons success.B.In-depth explorati

39、on makes discoveries possible.C.Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.D.Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Be More a Generalist than a SpecialistB.Specialist or Generalist:Hard to DecideC.Turn a Generalist into a Speciali

40、stD.Ways to Become a Generalist答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。主题语境是人与自我，主题语境内容为丰富自我。本文讨论了专业与博学的关系,作者认为事事相关联，应该让你在一个领域的专长激发你在其他相关领域的热情。第7页 共122页1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more andmore about less and less.（成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的东西了解得越来越多。）可知答案为A（缩小了知识面）。2.C 推理判断题。依据第三段

41、第一句 Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrowspecialty.（有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。）可知答案为Co3.D 细节理解题。依据第四段最后一句 The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor,one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.（这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，

42、他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。）可知答案选D（将其他领域的知识带到工作中）。4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段中 Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but,once youexplore their depths,you discover that they are.（你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）可知选D（看似无关的兴趣在某种程度上是联系在一起的）。5.A 主旨要义题。本文的主旨是希望人们更加博学而不是只顾专业。故选A（做一个多才的人,而不是专家）。Passage

43、 4（2020 江苏,D）I was in the middle of the Amazon（亚马孙）with my wife,who was there as a medical researcher.Weflew on a small plane to a faraway village.We did not speak the local language,did not know the customs,and more often than not,did not entirely recognize the food.We could not have felt more fore

44、ign.We were raised on books and computers,highways and cell phones,but now we were living in a villagewithout running water or electricity.It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a littlemisunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening,with monkeys calling from beyond the vil

45、lage green,we playedsoccer.I am not good at soccer,but that evening it was wonderful.Everyone knew the rules.We all spoke thesame language of passes and shots.We understood one another perfectly.As darkness came over the field andthe match ended,the goal keeper,Juan,walked over to me and said in a m

46、atter-of-fact way,“In your home,doyou have a moon too?”I was surprised.第8页 共122页After I explained to Juan that yes,we did have a moon and yes,it was very similar to his,I felt a sort ofawe（敬畏）at the possibilities that existed in his world.In Juans world,each village could have its own moon.In Juans

47、world,the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.Anything was possible.In our society,we know that Earth has only one moon.We have looked at our planet from every angleand found all of the wildest things left to find.I can,from my computer at home,pull up satellite images ofJuans village.Th

48、ere are no more continents and no more moons to search fbr,little left to discover.At least itseems that way.Yet,as I thought about Juans question,I was not sure how much more we could really rule out.I am,inpart,an ant biologist,so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew tha

49、t much in theworld of insects remains unknown.How much,though?How ignorant（无知的）are we?The question of whatwe know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species,new monkey,new spider.,and on and on theyappear.My drawer quickly filled.I began a second d

50、rawer for more general discoveries:new cave systemdiscovered with dozens of nameless species,four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach.The second drawer began to fill and as it did,I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there,notjust species,but life that depends on t