高考英语一轮复习考点（新高考）-完形填空（全国卷用）（含解析）.pdf

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1、考点2 1完形填空（全国卷专用）（原卷版）【命题解读】分析近年的考点分布可以看出：语法填空考察选型词以实词为主，其中名词、动词是考察重点，其次是形容词和副词，词组短语也是常考，A、B、C、D 四个选项分布是均等的。命nw点一句不箕种一类：名词、动 词.M 3W W SiftM m L-贿一f t：式T正 事 迹 吟 布 个 血 蛔材料来惠文，0MA解技巧f,础w三.霞 g 文，解决“四、利用,不人与自我人 号 社 会 史g J人 与 国 第:记叙文G1甯）-1 oiaratt皿（的）|-妁250g（240270）短 文 也材料特征1.通读全文，理解大意。重.视首句提示，借助文中关键词,迅速通读

2、全文，抓住主线，理清全文脉络，把握全篇。完形填空解思路2.畸前顾后、先易后难，逐级辨析定答案。在把握文章主旨基础上，遵循先易后难的原则，根据不同的语义层次，选出正确答案。先选出那些自己有把握的选项，对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许根据上F文信息提示才能确定答案。3.复读全文，验证答案。将做出的答案带入全文，通读一遍，从词法、语义和固定搭配等方面进一步验证答案，基于对全文更一清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗田的少数疑难问题。巧取语篇层次题语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。【技法1利用首尾呼应关系解题】例 2021 浙江卷节选 21 was

3、 sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 We had(o 43.carryeverything we needed and walk three miles(o where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.1ong waybu(in 35 C heat and with a heavy pack,my legs were on fire.653.Needlees o sav.I suffered a lot.Bu(I know whatever I have to face

4、in my life I was thereand I 54.survived.I think I am much 55.strong for having taken part in(he project.42.A.lour B.projectC.campaign D.course解题依据：完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合苜段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息,考生可以更好地解答部分题目。分析：本题可以利用首尾呼应解题。根据文章末尾的“ihe project”可知，本篇文章讲述地是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到开头题FI，可知作者被派去Coronado NationalFor

5、est是为了一个8 天的“项技巧点拨：记叙类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾呼应的文章写法，通过文章结尾处升华主题。因此，考生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目。【技法2利用文章发展脉络解题】例 2021.全国卷乙 1 JSiniply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations.I was considering thiswhile working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then ho

6、w much easier it wouldbe if we had a range of words（hat express different 42.mrades of gratitude（!由i射）.2My thoughts were soon 43.We had a woman patient who was 44.ecoverin froin aknee replacement operation.O ne afternoon,while 45.aHeEPting to get into bed she collapsed（f到下）from what was 46.eventuall

7、Y discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous,47.requi ing the emergency medical team and good teamwork.But she recovered,though48.S1OW1Y and was ready for discharge（；。|院）after R）ur weeks.43.A.brushed asideB.put to the testC.brought under discussionD.taken into account解题依据:叙事型完形填空文章在

8、行文结构上往往包括开端故事发展高潮结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，厘清行文结构。分析：本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法：应有不同的词语表达不同程度的感谢，根据下文，作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断，作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了捡脸。be brushed aside”被漠视：be put to the test、使受考验,使受检验”：be taken into account”被考虑进去技巧点拨：解题策略遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路上下求索，捕捉关键信息回头看关注是否与前文呼应，不招遗憾关键点需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱出规避5大易错

9、点智取完形拉分题高考扣.负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有23 道较难题-1成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦跳虎”。导致这些题 I失分的原因主要有以下几点：解题信息比较隐蔽；干扰项迷惑性较强；情感态度较难把握；惯性思维所致。针对这些题F 1,考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。【易错点1因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选】语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理

10、、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题 I,一定要坚持这样一个原则不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。例 202卜新高考 1 卷JMy life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,when,for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries,which,at Easter time,m adelittle bunny（兔子）cakes for al

11、l i（s 42.stores throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plantdowntown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring break,for which I had no 44.plansbeyond listening to my favorite records.43.A.generous B.GnancialC.technical D.temporary分析：本题是典型的语篇层次邈，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据上文中60for

12、 three whole days”和下文中的“during our spring break可知，这里说的是春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generous”慷慨的，大方的“：financial”财务的，金融的“：technical”技术的，专业的“：temporary”临时的，暂时的【易错点2因不能正确区分形近（义近）词而错选】完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词比考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近,无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。例 2021 全国甲卷 I have 55.matured and I admit resp

13、onsibility for my 56.actionst hesaid in the letter.I come to you,57 Jo apologize for the damage I had 58.indirecUy causedand to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel/57.A.hands in pockets B.nose in the airC.hat in hand D.feet on the ground分析：四个备选项在册式上非常相似，基本都是名词+介词+名词的词蛆，部分考生很容易因混浙

14、而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后、apologize for the damage可推测作者的态度是谎卑的，所以选hal in hand恭敬地（乞求或请求）。其他选项不符合语境：hands in pockets双手拓兜；nose in the a ir目中无人；feet on the ground脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组，很容易选出正确选项。【易错点3因词汇理解障碍而错选】在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。例 2021 天 津 卷 a really great

15、 33.exDe ience for kids*“said a neighbor in aninterview with the local newspaper.4kPniitt is certainly providing a 34.service,but its not just thebikes.Its the relationships in the community.Ils the 35 he can make on people.”35.A.compromise B.impressionC.impact D.progress分析：本题考隹语境推断。根据全文内容可知，此处表示P r

16、u ill的行为对人们产生的“影响”。本题的选择难度在于A选项“comproniise妥协，和解”对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。【易错点4因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选】在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义 而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱 例 1 2021 新高考 I 卷 O ur 4&in the factory were sim

17、ple：Place cakes on a movingbelt.Attach icing（糖霜）ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.48.A.joys B.ideasC.roles D.choices分析：根据下文中的“Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing（掂霜）ears.from the bell”可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职贵。role除了表示“角色”外，还可以表示“职黄，作用 例 2 2018浙江高考O ne day I 46.met a

18、former classmate of mine who was 47.making alot of money running a sideline（副业）.Since his regular job was 48.borinR、】asked him why hejust didnt do his sideline full-time.He said without the job,he would 49 have too much timeand would just do what I did back in 50.colleee.He said that if he 51.auil t

19、he job.he would lose his52.drive lo work and succeed.49.AJuckily B.hardlyC.hopefully D.simply分析：根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此 处 s i叩ly 这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是“简单地，简 朴 地 山 此可知正确选项。【易错点5因惯性思维而错选】在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展 完形填空解题中因惯性思维而

20、失分常有以下两种情况：（1）学习单词时受到的思维定式影响有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事“，不可以HTsucceedlodosth”来表达。（2）学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响例如：学习了 wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到w ait,后面要接介词时就亳不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for.例 2021 天津卷For Pruitt,a keen bicyclist,the first t

21、hing to do was 19 his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping,he found few available,which got him thinking:What if the20.lack of bikes was COVID-19 related.and what if the person whod taken his bike really needed21.transDortation to get(o work?)9.A.ride B.lockC.repair D.replace分析：考查语境推断。Pu iu作为热

22、衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车，“repkice”符合语境。但考生受思维定式影响，可能看到后文的“bike就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A项。经 典 好 题【真 题1）【2022年全国甲卷】You can lell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.For many years,1 enjoyed living with my dogs.Tilly and Chance.Their 41 was nearlyenough to keep my loneliness at bay.N

23、early.Last year,I started dating,but with 42.When Ifirst dated Steve,1 43 he had a dog,Molly,and a cat.Flora.While I was 44(hat he wasan animal lover,I 45(hat three dogs were perhaps too many,and my dogs might attack4 6,the cat.The next week we 47 our dogs together,h was a hot day.When we paused to

24、catch our4 8,Steve go(down on one knee.Was he proposing(求婚)？I liked him too,but so 4 9?He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered il to iny dogs.50,I b e g a n fa llfor him.W e 51 to date,though neither of us brought up the future.And then in lateNovember.Tilly had an opennion on her 52

25、.1 took(he dogs out four times a day.and Iworried that T illy 53 climbing(he stairs could reopen(he wound.Then Steve54 his house.All worked 55.The three dogs loaned a pack that,withc o a c h i n g,56 Floras space;Steve and I formed a good team 57 for Tilly.We made good houseinales.A year later,much

26、lo m y 58,this man produced a little box with a ring andproposed to me.He did not kneel（跪）down,nor did I 59 him to.Thals only fbr giving60 to ihe dogs ihai brought us together.41.A.ownershipB.membershipC.companionshipD.leadership42.A.reservationsB.cxpeciaiionsC.confidenceD.prejudice43.A.fearedB.doub

27、tedC.hopedD.learned44.A.unsatisGedB.amusedC.lerri fiedD.thrilled45.A.predictedB.worriedC.regrettedD.insisted46.A.HoraB.ChanceC.MollyD.Tilly47.A.tiedB.walkedC.bathedD.led48.A.breathB.balanceC.allenlionD.imagination49.A.cairnB.sureC.soonD.real50.A.By the wayB.In that caseC.By all meansD.In Ihalmomenl5

28、1.A.continuedB.decidedC.iniendedD.pretended52.A.eyeB.tailC.earD.leg53.A.secretlyB.conslantlyC.evenluallyD.unwillingly54.A.leftB.soldC.suggestedD.searched55.A.lateB.hardC.fineD.free56.A.emptiedB.respecledC.occupiedD.discovered57.A.lookingB.caringC.waitingD.calling58.A.delightB.creditC.interestD.disad

29、vantage59.A.begB.truslC.needD.aid60.A.toysB.awardsC.foodD.water【真 题2【2022年全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them,theressomething highly exciting about 41 someone elses glance and making oneself unable to beseen.However,we all witness that preschool childre

30、n are remarkably 42 at hiding.They oftencover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies 43.For a long lime,this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children arehopelessly 飞gocemric（自我中心的）creaiures.But our 45 research results in childdevelopmental psychology 46 t

31、hat idea.We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.We then asked the child if she could49 or hear the adult.Surprisingly,children replied that they couldnl.The same 50happened when the adult covered her ow

32、n mouth:51 children said that they couldnt52 her.A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood wha（they were being asked.The results were clear:Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 whatwas asked of them.Their 56 to the questions reflected their（rue 57 that can seeyou only if yo

33、u can see me,too.They simply 58 miHual（相互的）recognition and regard.Our 59 suggest when a child“hides“by putting a blanket over her head,it is not a result ofegocentrism.In fact,children consider this method _60 when others use it.41.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing42.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.qu

34、ick43.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalanced44.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted45.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired46.A.explainedB.contlimedC.contradictedD.tested47.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor48.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears49.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool50.A.eventB.thing

35、C.actionD.accident51.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once52.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave53.A.insiruciionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptions54.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored55.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly56.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivity57.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD

36、.purpose58.A.hold backB.relate toC.insist onD.make up59.A.limitationsB.reuiieinentsC.theoriesD.findings60.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.etYective【真 题3】【2022年1月浙江卷】When BeveHey Burdeyney（urned seventy-four last year,she started having problemswith her 3 6 notably dryness and discomfort.“I was si

37、mply 37_ a terrible experience.M Ms.Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 38_was affected.Ms.Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39_problems and discovered that theywere largely suffeiing in 40_.nNobody chooses to talk about it because it

38、seemsso 41_ J she said.But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42Eventually,Ms.Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye reseai-ch 43_at Tel AvivUniversity in Israel.The research team 44_Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic9M)2CMX1530)材料来惠四种两类：名询、动 词.网”防血T:T W W 5&B A T*网 站二 f,m n t三.文，碑决u人身社会主

39、G.人与自第常)*皿短文长度健力要求正事困1分布解技巧人与自我材料特征1.通读全文，理解大意。重.视首句提示，借助文中关键词,迅速通读全文，抓住主线，理清全文脉络，把握全篇。完形填空解思路2.畸前顾后、先易后难，逐级辨析定答案。在把握文章主旨基础上，遵循先易后难的原则，根据不同的语义层次，选出正确答案。先选出那些自己有把握的选项，对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许根据上F文信息提示才能确定答案。3.复读全文，验证答案。将做出的答案带入全文，通读一遍，从词法、语义和固定搭配等方面进一步验证答案，基于对全文更一清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗田的少数疑难问题。巧取语篇层次题语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉

40、分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。【技法1利用首尾呼应关系解题】例 2021 浙江卷节选 21 was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 We had(o 43.carryeverything we needed and walk three miles(o where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.1ong waybu(in 35 C heat and with a heavy pack,my legs were on fire.653

41、.Needlees o sav.I suffered a lot.Bu(I know whatever I have to face in my life I was thereand I 54.survived.I think I am much 55.strong for having taken part in(he project.42.A.lour B.projectC.campaign D.course解题依据：完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合苜段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息,考生可以更好地解答部分题目。分析：本题可以利用首尾呼应解题。根据文章末尾的“ihe pro

42、ject”可知，本篇文章讲述地是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到开头题FI，可知作者被派去Coronado NationalForest是为了一个8 天的“项技巧点拨：记叙类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾呼应的文章写法，通过文章结尾处升华主题。因此，考生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目。【技法2利用文章发展脉络解题】例 2021.全国卷乙 1 JSimply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations.I was considering thiswhile wo

43、rking as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it wouldbe if we had a range of words（hat express different 42.grades of gratitude（感谢）.2My thoughts were soon 43.We had a woman patient who was 44.recover in?from aknee replacement operation.O ne afternoon,while 45.aHrmp

44、ting to get into bed she collapsed（f到下）from what was 46.even/uallY discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous.47.requi ing the emergency medical team and good teamwork.But she recovered,though48.slowh and was ready for discharge after four weeks.43.A.brushed asideB.put to the testC.

45、brought under discussionD.taken into account解题依据:叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括开端故事发展高潮结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，厘清行文结构。分析：本邈可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法：应有不同的词语表达不同程度的感谢，根据下文，作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断，作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed aside”被漠视：be pu【to the test、使受考验,使受检验”：be taken into account”被考虑进去”（技巧点拨：解题策略遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调

46、整思路上下求索，捕捉关键信息回头看关注是否与前文呼应，不招遗憾关键点需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱出规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题高考扣.负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有23 道较难题-1成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦跳虎”。导致这些题 I失分的原因主要有以下几点：解题信息比较隐蔽；干扰项迷惑性较强；情感态度较难把握；惯性思维所致。针对这些题F 1,考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。【易错点1因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选】语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是

47、分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题 I,一定要坚持这样一个原则不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。例 202卜新高考 1 卷 My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,when,for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bak

48、eries,which,at Easter time,4Lmudelittle bunny（兔子）cakes for all i（s 42.stores（hroughout Cleveland.It happened（hat the plantdowntown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring break,for which I had no 44.plansbeyond listening to my favorite records.43.A.generous B.financialC.technical D.temporary

49、分析：本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索 根据上文中的“or three whole days”和下文中的“during our spring break可知，这里说的是春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generous”慷慨的，大方的“：financW财务的，金融的“：technical 技术的，专业的“：temporary”临时的，暂时的【易错点2因不能正确区分形近（义近）词而错选】完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词比考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近,无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇

50、的意义便很容易选错。例 2021 全国甲卷 力 have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actionst hesaid in the letter.I come to you,57 Jo apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly causedand to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.57.A.hands in pockets B.nose in the airC.hat in hand D.feet