考研英语真题(2014考研必备考研英语历年真题考研英语.pdf

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1、2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D onANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society inwhich all payments are made electroni

2、cally._1_,a true cashless society is probably not around the comer.Indeed,predictions of such a society have been_2_for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example,Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon revolutionize the very_ 3_ ofmoney itself/,onl

3、y to_4_itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless society been so_ 5_incoming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper,several factors work _ 6_the disappearance of the paper system.First,it is very_ 7_to set up the

4、computer,cardreader,and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the_8_form of payment.Second,paper checks have the advantage that they_9_receipts,something that many consumers are unwilling to_ 10_.Third,the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of float,-it takes s

5、everal days_11_ a check is cashedand funds are_12_ from the issuers account,which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the fundsin the meantime._13_ electronic payments are immediate,they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth,electronic means of payment_14_ security and priv

6、acy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorizedhacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information_15_ there.Because this is not an_16_ occurrence,unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts inelectronic payments systems and_17_ funds by moving th

7、em from someone elses accounts into their own.The_18_ of this type of fraud is no easy task,and a whole new field of computer science has developed to_19_security issues.A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic_20_thatcontains a large amount of personal d

8、ata on buying habits.There are worries that government,employers,and marketersmight be able to access these data,thereby encroaching on our privacy.1.A However|B Moreover C Therefore D|Otherwise2.A off B back C over D around3.A power B concept C history D role4.A reward B resist Cl resume D reverse5

9、.A silent B sudden C slow D steady6.A for B against Cwith D on7.A imaginative B expensive C sensitive|D|productive8.A similar B original C temporary D dominant9.A collect B provide C copy D print10.A give up B take over C bring back D pass down11.A before|B|after C since D when12.A kept B|borrowed C

10、 released|D withdrawn13.A Unless B Until C Because D Though14.A hide B express C raise Dease15.A analyzed B shared C stored D displayed16.A unsafe B unnatural C uncommon D unclear17.A steal|B|choose C benefit|D return18.A consideration|B prevention C manipulation D justification19.A cope with B|figh

11、t against C adapt to|D|call for20.A chunk B chip C path D trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled“Making It in America”,the

12、 author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just howmuch a modem textile mill has been automated:The average mill only two employees today,a man and a dog.The manis there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces that ha

13、ve recently appeared making the point that the reason wehave such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances inboth globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor withmachines or fore

14、ign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job,could earn an average lifestyle,But,today,average isofficially over.Being average just wont earn you what it used to.It cant when so many more employers have so muchmore access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,c

15、heap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation andcheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out inwhatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will.But theres been an acceleration

16、.As Davidsonnotes,In the 10 years ending in 2009,U.S.factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of theprevious 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total-disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs,new products,new services.But

17、 the one thing we know for sure is thatwith each advance in globalization and the LT.revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and bettereducation to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,there are many things we need to do to support employment,b

18、ut nothingwould be more important than passing some kind of Gl.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American hasaccess to poet-high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrateA the impact of technological advancesB the alleviation of job pressureC the shrinkage of

19、textile millsD the decline of middle-class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3,to be a successful employee,one has toA work on cheap softwareB ask for a moderate salaryC adopt an average lifestyleD contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains thatA gains of technology have been

20、 erasedB job opportunities are disappearing at a high speedC factories are making much less money than beforeD new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author,to reduce unemployment,the most important isA to accelerate the I.T.revolutionBJ to ensure more education for peopleC ro ad

21、vance economic globalizationD to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A New Law Takes EffectB|Technology Goes CheapC Average Is OverDJ Recession Is BadText 2A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers

22、 and sojourners.Along with the many folkslooking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and 7millin peoplearrived while about 2 million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for exanmle,eventually returned toItaly for good.They even had an

23、affectionate nickname,接下来也提及到了 download”,因此可以锁定答案A.44.【答案】F【解析】此题空在句末，所以需要浏览下空前以前下一个自然段的句首，通读空前的内容可以找到关联词“apyramid of production remains,w,而卜一个自然段的段首提到了 television,那么浏览七个选项，跟此关联的有两项E 和 F,再继续分析，E 项只有“television”这个词与空后对应，而 F 项不仅出现了“television”这个词，而且出现了 this pyramid of production”这个特征词，所以，答案为F.45.【答案】G

24、【解析】此题空在段末，那么需要浏览下空前的句子，寻找关联词，在 B 和 G 之间进行选择，通读可知，空前 的“flow”与 G 项 的“the flow”是相对应的，B 项 的“applications”在文中没有提及，所以此题锁定答案GPart C46.【解析】本句结构比较简单，它是一个简单句，句子主干结构是one approach takes and seeks。破折号后面的部分是对前面提到的理论的进一步解释。1)take to extreme把.发挥到极致，把。推至极限2)theory of everything万有理论。或者也可以一个短语翻译出来“适用于任何事物的理论”3)genera

25、tive equation生成等式、生成方程。【参考译文】物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论-一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。解析：4 7.【解析】对本句话的理解关键在于对fo r引导的句子的正确理解。因为有两个逗号，有的同学在考场比较紧急的时间和紧张的状态下容易把两个逗号间的部分理解为插入语，那么这句话就很难理解了。1)fo r引导的句子表原因与前句是并列关系，fo r原因并列句中又包含一个if引导的条件状语从句2)*it seems reasonable to suppose thatM对这句话的翻译可以翻译成一个长句，也可以分开翻译成“那么假设文化差

26、异也能够追溯到更有限的源头，这种假设看上去便是合理的了J3)对 于 cultural diversity的理解，我们容易受到之前在备考中经常遇到的cultural diversity的影响，直接翻译成“文化多样性”，但在本文，前文很多次提到了共性，所以这里我们翻译为“文化差异”更合适。【参考译文】在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了有力的理由，因为如果全人类有共同的起源，那么假设文化差异也能够追溯到更有限的源头好像就是合理的了。4 8.【解析】这句话结构主要在于对三个“what”从句的理解。本题是三个w hat引导的从句第一个是what引导的宾语从句，做 filterout的宾语。第二个what是介诃

27、from的宾语，from 是固定搭配中的介词filter outA from B o 第三个what是 understand的宾语，和 h o w 并列1）句子主干可以看做:To filter out A from B enables us to understand C and DA 指的是“what is contingent and unique”B 指的是“what is shared“how complex cultural behaviour aroseC 指的是“how complex cultural behaviour arose”D 指的是 uwhat guides it

28、in evolutionary or cognitive terms2）Filter o u t词组本意是滤掉，。这个单词可能有同学会不熟悉，但是如果对本句结构理解清楚，看到from这个介词，加之对前文大意的理解，我们可以猜出这个词的意思，或者理解为“区分”等也不影响全句的理解。以避免我们有的同学看到第一个单词不认识立马生出的胆怯情绪，影响下文判断。【参考译文】把差异性和独特性从共性中过滤出来也许能让我们理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，是什么从进化或认知领域指导着它。49.【解析】本句结构比较明朗，关键是句子前部分单独很难理解，需要结合前文。这也恰恰说明了考研英语中的翻译首先是阅读理解的一部分

29、，不是单独的翻译而已。1）这里的 the second 与上文的“The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky：所里这里应该翻译成“第二种理论”所以这句话需要根据上下文和逻辑解释清楚。而不能单纯的翻译成第二。2）对于括号内部的处理，我们可以直接放在括号中即可。【参考译文】约书亚格林伯格为寻找语言的共性而付出努力提出了第二种理论。他采用了一个更实用的共性理论，做法是辨认出众多语言的共有特征（尤其是按照词序排列），这些特征被认为代表了由认知局限导致的偏差。50.【解析】这句话的结构比较简单.，复杂的是其中大量的术语和不

30、熟悉的词汇。对于这些词汇我们根据直译即可。本句结构：Chomsky，s grammar should show,whereas Greenbergian*.1）That引导的定语从句修饰patterns2）这里的“grammar”是指是上文的生成语法，所以这里可以把生成语法翻译出来。3）co-dependencies这个词需要根据上下词义加之词根词缀来猜测出词义，因为下文指出是两者关系，所以可以翻译为“共存性”。【参考译文】乔姆斯基生成语法应该表明语言变化的模式，这些模式独立于族谱或贯穿其中的路径，然而格林伯格的共性理论预测词序关系的特殊类别之间（而不是其他）有着强烈的共存性。Section

31、III Writing51.小作文【参考范文】Dear international students,I am the chairman of the Students Union.T ve just received the emails from you and got the news that you wouldcome to our university.Firstly,T d like to show our warm welcome.On behalf of our university and all the studentshere,I really look forward

32、 to your coming.In order to make all of you feel at home,here are some conductive suggestions.Firstly,you d better take some warmclothes with you because it is winter in China now and it is very cold in Beijing.Secondly,I advise you to preparesome relevant knowledge about Chinese culture for better

33、understanding in class.I really hope you II find these proposals useful.And I m looking forward to your coming!Yours sincerely,Li Ming52.大作文【参考范文】How vivid the cartoon it is!What the profound cartoon reflects is a not uncommon social phenomenon,from whichwe can observe that in this cartoon stand two

34、 men and a bottle of milk.The 2 men show different perspectivestoward the bottle of milk that is place on the ground.According to the information given in the above-mentioned cartoon,the gist of it is regarding how we shouldperceive the world around us.People tend to show different attitudes towards

35、 the issue.Then,what prove to be theunderlying reasons for it?The following several reasons stated below can be taken to be responsible for it.First andforemost,that issue is largely having something to do with the current state of people*mind,without any doubt,somepeople are born positively,and whi

36、le some others are born negatively.What is more important is that the outlook andvalue embodied in society affects how we throw our insights into something we are deal with.As far as my personal thinking is concerned,when it comes to mentioning the issue concerning how to look at theworld,what we sh

37、ould do is to observe it positively and confidently,especially when we are experiencing andencountering setbacks,only if we have the above-mentioned proposals adopted,can we be bound to live a life ofhappiness.2011年考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best

38、word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.Butsome claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical filnessLaughter does short-term changes in the

39、function of the heart and its blood v e sse ls,h e a rtrate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to_,a good laugh is unlikelyto have benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishesthe_

40、,studies dating back to the 1930 s indicate that laughter,muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act oflaughing probably does produce other types of feed back,that improve an individual s emotionals t a t e.o n e classical theory of emotion

41、,our feelings are partially rooted physicalreactions.It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry they are sad butthey become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow muscularresponses.In an experiment published in 19

42、88,social psychologist Fritz.1.Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining4.Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve5.Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable6.AIn turn Bln fact Cln addition Dln brief7.Aopposite Bimpossible Ca

43、verage Dexpected8.Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes9.Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance10.Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal11.AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for12.Awith Bon Cin Dat13.Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause14.Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses15.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards

44、Dbeyond16.Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold17.Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent18.Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted19.Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing20.AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answe

45、r the questions below each text by choosing A,Bz C orD.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director hasbeen the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in

46、2009.For the most part,the response has been favorable,to say the least.Hooray!At last!”wroteAnthony Tbmmasini,a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however;is that Gilbert iscomparatively little known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gil

47、bert,s appointment in the Times,calls him“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.As adescription of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians likeGustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some

48、Times readers as faintpraise.For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions,but it is not necessary for me to visitAvery Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hear interesting orchestral music.All

49、I have to do is to go tomy CD shelf or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance aremissing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumentalist

50、smust compete not only with opera houses,dance troupes,theater companies,and museums,but alsowith the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.There recordingsare cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than today s liveperformances