高中语法配套练习.pdf
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1、高中语法基础练习(答案：P63)一.句子成分与句子结构【句子成分】主语(Subject)：主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者，一般位于句首。可充当主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语、从句等；(划出下面句子主语)1.The students are learning grammar.2.He likes playing tennis.3.Five is an odd number.4.To learn English well is important;It is not easy to remember all rules.5.Learning gramma
2、r well is difficult.6.What we cant get seems better than what we have.谓语(Predicate)：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，由动词或动词短语构成，一般放在主语之后；谓语动词有人称、数和时态及语态的变化。(划出下面句子谓语)1.To see is to believe.2.He said he would come here to help us.3.Is your bedroom often kept clean every day?4.A new chemical works will be built am
3、ong the hills far away form our town.5.The operation had been carried out on Tom before his parents got to the hospital.6.Seeing from the hill,you will find the city more beautiful.宾语(Object)：用来表明动作的对象或结果，是动作的承受者;宾语常用于及物动词之后，称为动词宾语,介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。宾语一般位于谓语之后。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等都可以充当宾语成分1（划出下面句子宾语）
4、1.I*ve bought an English-Chinese dictionary.2.They didnt promise him anything.We should learn from him.3.1 enjoyed working with you.4.My father likes to swim in winter.5.Did you write down what she said?6.He found it difficult to get up early.注意】英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语等表语（Predicative）：表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明
5、主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。一般位于系动词（如 be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。充作表语的可以是单词（名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词）、短语或从句。（划出下面句子表语）1.The wedding was that Sunday.2.Thats something we have always to keep in mind.3.The girl looks beautiful in pink.4.My job is teaching them grammar.5.All I can do is to send her a tele
6、gram.6.He looks as if he were going to cry.7.The suggestion is that we should recite more words.定语（Attribute）：定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的”表示。可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词（短语）或句子充当。（划出下面句子定语）前置定语：1.1 want an English-Chinese dictionary.2.There are two policeman in
7、the street.3.He gave me a vivid description of the battle.4.The swimming pool is wonderful.后置定语：5.The buildings around are of modern construction.6.The students in the classroom are good.7.1 have a lot of homework to do.8.The boy who went to the library is our monitor.29.There are some boys playing
8、outside.10.We must solve the problems left by history.状语（Adverbial）：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。英语中常见状语：（划出下面句子状语）1）时间状语:He is to fly to London tomorrow.2）地点状语:The meeting was held in Harbin.3）方式状语：The workers there are paid by the week,not by the month.4）比较状语：He w
9、orked as fast as a skilled worker.5）程度状语：He loves his son very much.6）原因状语：Because of the warm and sunny weather,oranges grow very well here.7）目的状语：We do it in this way so as to save time.8）结果状语：He returned home to find his father dead.9）条件状语：Without plants,animals could not live in the world.10）让步状
10、语：In spite of all his efforts,he failed.11）伴随状语Seeing the notice,he ran away;Seen from the hill,the village is beautiful.补语（Complement）：补语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补语分为主语补足语和宾语补足语（划出下面句子补语）1.We call him Zhang Sir.2.The letter made him sad.3.We consider her as our friend.4.Ill made him come in.5.1 saw
11、 her crossing the street.同位语（Appositive）：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明（who or what）,与前面的词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。同位语常常置于被说明的词之后。（划出下面句子同位语）1.Zhang Sir,our grammar teacher is humorous.32.He himself did it.3.The year,1988,is important.4.My task,looking after these children,is important.5.My job,to teach them grammar
12、 is hard.6.The suggestion that we should recite more words is useful.【句子结构】英语句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句。例】判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。1.He often reads English in the morning.2.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.3.He wants to go there but I dont go there.4.This house belongs to Mr.Smith;
13、it costs millions of dollars.5.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.6.What he said is right.7.This is the book that I want.总结】句子结构的判断：简单句的判断：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子；并列句的判断：由并列连词（and,or,but等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成;复合句的判断：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子（名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句等）；
14、练】判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at 7:30am and come back home at 7pm.5.He is in Class 1 and I am in Class 2.6.He was fond of drawing wh
15、en he was a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.【五种基本句型】S+V 此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）。1.The sun rises from the east.42.Things have chan
16、ged.s+v+o此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）。1.1 look forward to hearing from you soon.2.You can put the dishes in the kitchen.S+V+IO+DP间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。1.Could you pass me the salt?=Could you pass the salt to me?2.Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines.=Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers.s+V+0+0C宾语补足语的作用
17、是说明宾语的动作或状态，“宾语+宾语补足语”也可称之为复合宾语,二者之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。1.We all think him an honest boy.2.1 saw Little Tom being punished by his parents.3.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading room.s+v+c：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况，“连系动词+表语”二者缺一不可。1.This is my English book.2.The weather continued win
18、dy and rainy.练】指出下列简单句是属于哪种基本句型。1.The World War II broke out in 1939.2.The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once.3.His wish is to become a scientist.4.Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me.5.We want to have the desk repaired.6.The woman caught her husband stealing her money.7.C
19、ould you please tell me whether there is a post office near here?8.That is why she failed to pass the exam.9.Story telling has much strength in improving oral English.10.When I first met her,my heart beat heavily.I.划分下列句子的成分并判断句子结构。1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more p
20、opular.2.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.3.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading room.4.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li burned off.5.It has been six years since I began to study English.6.The computer center,opened last year
21、,is very popular among students in this school.7.We all know it our duty to clean our classroom after school every day.8.John told me why he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.9.Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at seven oclock tomorrow.510.1 think we should do whatever
22、 we can to help the children whose parents work outside for money.A.一个简单陈述句可以由6 部分组成，但是并不是每个句子都有这么多组成部分。注意下表中句子的语序。第 6 栏（表示时间）可以放在句首或句尾。6时间状语1（定 语）主语2谓语动词3（定语）宾语4方式状语5地点状语6时间状语When?Who?Which?What?ActionWho?Which?What?How?Where?When?Last weekIWentto the theatre.Ihada very good seat.The playwasveryint
23、eresting-Idid notenjoyIt.B.下列陈述句的词的语序不对。参照例句在表中重新排列各句的语序。例句：I last year to America went.正确语序：I(who)went(action)to America(where)last year(when).或者：Last year I went to America.1.The film I enjoyed yesterday.2.The news listened lo I carefully.3.Well the man the piano played.4.Games played yeslerday in
24、 iheir eoom the children quietly.5.Quietly the door he opened.6.Immediately left he.7.A tree in ihe comer of the garden he planted.8.Before lunch ihc letter in his office quickly he read.9.This morning a book I from ihe library borrowed.10.The soup spoilt the cook.11.We at home stay on Sundays.12.Th
25、ere a lot of people are at the bus-stop.13.The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.14.She beautifully draws.615.Music I like very much.16.A new school built they in our village last year.17.The match at four oclock ended.18.She a letter from her brother last week received.翻译
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