考研英语翻译100题.pdf
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1、1.This success,coupled with later research showing thatmemory itself is not genetically determined,ledEricsson to conclude that the act of memorizing ismore of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.词汇突破:cognitive认 知 的(后天习得的)Intuitive 先天的和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有:Nature先天;nurture后天;born;先天的;m ade后天的;inna
2、te天生的;Acquired后天习得;Determine 决定Coupled w ith相当于and,想类似的表达还有 along with;combined with 等。主 干 识 别:句 子 的 主 语 是 This success和 laterresearch;谓 语 是 led;宾 语 是 Ericsson;不定式短语to conclude做状语;主干结构是:this success and laterresearch led Ericsson to conclude that.其他成分:在 research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语,在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做s
3、howing的宾语;在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语;more.than结构翻译为与其说,不如说。微观解析:由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长,且是用两个逗号隔开的,在阅读的时候可以跳读;把 This success和动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。译文赏析:这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道,记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objectsand to figure out numerical patterns su
4、its one toanswer questions that have eluded some of the bestpoets and philosophers.词汇突破:visualize想象Figure o u t发现和找出Suits使适合主干识别:句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句,i t是句子的形式主语;句子主干为:How.is notobvious.在主语从句中主语是capacity,谓语是suits宾语是one;其他成分:状语为to answer.主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语;动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。难点揭秘:这个句子是一个
5、由形式主语it引导的主语从句,其中难点为需要识别出主语从句中的动词suits.译文赏析:构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的,这点我们还不是很清楚。3.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify thattest-taking skill also matters,whether its knowing whento guess or what questions to skip.【词汇突破】Toil through(辛苦的经历)名词:Winston Churchill:Blood,Toil,T
6、earsand Sweat”(丘吉尔演讲)sweat and toil(汗水和辛苦)He succeeded after years of toil.(他经历数年的辛劳之后成功了)S A T美 国 高 考 全 称 为scholasticassessment te st学术性评估测试testify 证实m atter这里是动词,重要;sth matters事情很重要;【主干识别】anyone为句子的主语,will testify为句子谓语,that引导一个宾语从句;【其他成分】th a t引导的宾语从句中test-taking skill为主语,matters做谓语,whether引导一个状语从
7、句【译文赏析】任何一个曾经辛苦的经历过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要,无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。【造句】Anyone who has achieved the success to anyextent will testify that cooperation matters,whether itsindividuaFs willingness to cooperate or team work spiritof a group.3.During the past generation,the American middle-classfamily th
8、at once could count on hard work and fairplay to keep itself financially secure has beentransformed by economic risk and new realities.【词汇突破】count o n 依靠;fair p lay 公平竞争【主 干 另 ij】the American middle-class family has beentransformed主干是主谓结构被动态;【其他成分 Jthat once could count on hard work and fairplay to
9、keep itself financially secure 定语从句修饰middle-class family;During the past generation 和 byeconomic risk and new realities 做状语;【微观解析】the American middle-class family 为句子主语,谓语是 has been transformed;During the pastgeneration 和 by economic risk and new realities 为状语;th a t引导一个定语从句,th a t在从句中做主语,谓语为 could
10、count on,宾语为 hard work and fairplay;to keep itself financially secure 为状语。【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。【译文赏析】在过去的20多年时间里,那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公平竞争就可以保证自己财政收支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。(定语从句前置的翻译方法来处理这个句子)5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as steering the economy to a so
11、ft landing or atouch on the brakes,makes it sound like a precisescience.Nothing could be further from the truth.【词汇突破】steer指挥,控制precise精确的【主干识另ll】Much of the language makes it sound likeprecise science.主+谓+宾+宾补结构【其他成分】used to describe monetary policy过去分词短语做后置定语修饰 the language;such as steering theeco
12、nomy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes”形容词短语;形容词短语做后置定语修饰the languageo【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。【译文赏析】有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇,例如”操纵经济软着陆”或者“轻踩刹车”,使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。(但这些说法是最不靠谱的,事情远非如此用来表 示 强 烈 的 反 对 这 与i cannt agree with you more有异曲同工之妙)【翻译点拨】第二个句子的翻译中可以使用正话反说的方法来进行翻
13、译,在肯定和否定之间进行转换。可以参考下面的两个例子:(1)An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.机会难得。(2)Such things are of no rare occurrence.这些事情经常发生。【作文】用于批驳对方的时候就可以用:Nothing couldbe further from the truth.6.0 n another level,many in the medical communityacknowledge that the assisted suicide debate has beenfueled in
14、part by the despair of patients for whommodern medicine has prolonged the physical agony ofdying.【词汇突破】agony痛苦despair 绝望prolong 延长【主干识别】many acknowledge that+宾语从句(many作为代词表示很多人,或者很多个体)【其他成分】On another level做状语和in the medicalcommunity 做定语;the assisted suicide debate has beenfueled by the despair of p
15、atients 为宾语从句主干;特别提示:fuel本来意思是燃料,但是这里可以理解为由于,因为,加剧的意思;为了以后阅读理解更透彻,可以直接把结构A is fueled by B 理解为:A 是结果;B 是原因例句:Chinas success is fueled by the age of globlization.【微观解析】in p a rt宾语从句中的状语,for whommodern medicine has prolonged the physical agony ofdying.定语从句修饰patients;定语从句还原为一个独立的句子就是:Modern medicine has
16、 prolonged thephysical agony of dying for them.这个句子中的 them和前面句子中的patients为相同名词,因此在这里作者将其写成了一个定语从句,但是在翻译的时候是要分译的。这句话在定语从句的前世和今生:suicide debate has been fueled in part by thedespair of patients.The modern medicine has prolonged thephysical agony of dying for them.(两个句子中出现了共有的名词patients和 them,于是them 被换
17、成了 whom;for whom 一并提前。)【难点揭秘】同样是隔离结构在阅读的过程中给我们带来不舒服的感觉,in p art放到了 fueled和 b y 之间,in the medical community 放至!J 了 many 和acknowledge 之间。【译文赏析】在另一个层面上,很多医疗界的人士承认,关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论,部分是因为病人的绝望情绪,对病人来说,现代医学已经延长了死亡的生理的痛苦。【写作】On another level,many in the educationalestablishment acknowledge that the debate on
18、theranking of universities has been fueled in part by thedespair of graduates for whom the discriminationbrought by the ranking of university has put moreobstacles on their job hunting way.7.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas ofscience based especially on a mathematical or laborator
19、ytraining,and can be illustrated in terms of thedevelopment of geology in the United kingdom.【词汇突破】illustrate例证;in terms o f 根据,以为依据;【主干识另U】The trend was most obvious and can beillustrated.主系表结构两个并列的动词【其他成分】naturally,in those areas of science,interms of the development of geology in the Unitedkingdo
20、m为状语。【微观解析】based especially on a mathematical orlaboratory training修饰状语中的名词science做定语。【难点揭秘】naturally和 especially副词做状语放的位置都不是在开头和结尾,而是放在了中间部分,这样给我们阅读带来一定的困扰,但是难点既亮点,我们在写作的过程中就可以灵活的运用:based especiallyon这样的表达了。【译文赏析】很自然,这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域中表现的最为明显,并且可以用英国地质学的发展作为例证来说明。【翻译点拨】把副词放到开头来翻译,正是体现了前面所讲
21、到的副词很多时候就是在修饰整个句子。8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and theaggressive use of ineffectual and forced medicalprocedures“that may prolong and even dishonor the periodof dying as the twin problems of end of life care.【词汇突破】under treatment治疗不足aggressive 1.侵略的,侵犯的2.好斗的,挑衅的3.有进取精神的;有干劲的4.
22、大胆的dishonor使丢脸,使受耻辱medical procedures 医疗手段【主干识别】The report identifies.and.as the twinproblems of end o-life care 主谓 宾宾补结构;the undertreatment of pain 和 the aggressive use of ineffectual andforced medical proceduresthat may prolong and evendishonor the period of dying 为并列的宾语成分。【微观解析】that may prolong a
23、nd even dishonor theperiod of dying 为定语从句修饰 ineffectual and forcedmedical procedures,定语从句中有两个并列的动词prolong and dishonor 做谓语。【难点揭秘】这个句子的困难之处就在于并列宾语的后半部分加上了一个定语从句进而使identify和a s之间的距离拉大,产生了阅读障碍。【译文赏析】报告把对疼痛处理不够和大胆使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的无效的和强制的医疗手段确定为临终关怀的两个问题。报告确定了临终关怀的两个问题,一是对疼痛处理不够,二是大胆的使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不
24、体面的那些无效和强制的医疗手段。【翻译点拨】这个句子的翻译主要考察对于词的理解:dishonor the period of dying直接翻译就是:使死亡的阶段受到耻辱。可以转译为:让病人死的不体面。中文是习惯是以人为主体的。还有就是medical procedures表示医疗手段而不要翻译成医疗过程。9.The notion that learning should have in it an elementof inspired play would seem to the greater part of theacademic establishment merely silly,bu
25、t that isnonetheless the case.【词汇突破】inspired有激发性的establishment 机构,建立nonetheless 但是case事实,实情【主干识别】The notion would seem merely silly.主系表结构【其彳也成分】that learning should have in it an elementof inspired p lay 同位语从句修饰notion;主干为thatlearning should have an element of inspired play,是主谓结构;in it 为状语。to the gre
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