初三英语知识点总结(二).pdf

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1、初三英语详细总结Unit 1一、知识点1.Check in:在旅馆的登记入住。Check out:在旅馆结账离开。2.By:通过 方 式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.在.旁边 o 例：by the window/the door乘坐交通工具例：by bus/car在之前，到为止。例：by October在 10月前被 例：English is spoken by many people.3.how与 what的区别：how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样如何，通常用来做状语、表语。what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为什么

2、，通常做宾语，主语。How is your summer holiday?Its OK.（how 表示程度 做表语）How did you travel around the world?I travel by air.What do you learn at school?I learn English,math and many other subjects.What.think of.?H ow.like.?What.do with.?H ow.deal with.?（3）What.like about.?H ow.like.?Whafs the weather like today?H

3、 ows the weather today?What to do?H ow to do it?e.g.What do you think of this book?=H ow do you like this book?I dont know|what|I should do with the matter=1 dont know how|I should deal with it.What do you like about China?=H ow do you like China?I dont know what to do next step?=I dont know how to

4、do it next step?What good/bad weather it is today!（weather 为不可数名词，其前不能加 a）What a fine/bad day it is today!（day 为可数名词，其前要加 a）4.aloud,loud与loudly的用法：三个词都与 大声 或 响亮 有关。aloud是副词，重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大，常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。如：H e read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时，常 与sp

5、eak,talk,laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级，须放在动词之后。如：She told us to speak a little louder.她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词，与loud同义，有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思，可位于动词之前或之后。如：He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.他不当众大声谈笑。5.voice指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。sound指人可以听到的各种声音。noise指噪音、吵闹声6.find+宾 语+宾 补（名 词 形 容 词 介 词 短 语 分 词 等）例：I find him

6、 friendly.I found him working in the garden.We found him in bed.He found the window closed.We found her honest.7.常见的系动词有：是：a m、is、are保持：ke印、stay 转变：become get、turn(4).起来 feel look smell taste、sound8.get+宾语+宾补(形容词过去分词动词不定式)使某种情况发生例：Get the shoes clean.把鞋擦干净Get Mr.Green to come.让格林先生进来I want to get my

7、 bike repaired.我想去修自行车You cant get him waiting.你不能让他老等着9.动词不定式做定语与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系The next train to arrive was from New York.He is always the first to come.与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系I have nothing to say.I need a pen to write with.I need some paper to write on.I dont have a room to live in.10.practice,fun做名词为不可数名词11

8、.a d d补充说又说12.jo in加入某团体并成为其中一员 attend出席参加会议或讲座join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。13.all、both always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为：allnone,both-neither,everything-nothing,everybody-nobody.14.be afraid of doing sth./sth.害怕 be afraid of being alonebe afraid to do sth.害怕be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气15.either：放在

9、否定句末表示“也”两者中的“任一”either.。或者或者引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则plete完成，是个较正式的词，后不能接动名词finish指日常事物的完成17.a,an与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。例：Please give me a second apple.There comes a fifth girl.18.have trouble/difficult/problem(in)doing.干.遇到麻烦，困难19.unless除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。例：My baby sister

10、 doesnt cry unless shes hungry.=My baby sister doesnt cry if she isnt hungry.Unless you take more care,youll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。2O.instead:adv.代替，更换。例：We have no coffee,would you like tea instead?我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？It will take days by car,so lets fly instead.开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。Tom was ill,

11、so I went instead.汤姆病 了，所以换 了 我去。instead of doing sth.作为某人或某事物的替换例：Lets play cards instead of watching TV.We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.Give me the red one instead of the green one.21.spoken 口头的，口语的。spoken English 口头英语speaking讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking skills讲英语的能力2 2.提建议的句子：What/how about+doin

12、g sth.?如：What/How about going shopping?Why dont you+do sth.?如：Why dont you go shopping?Why not+do sth.?如：Why not go shopping?Lets+do sth.如：Lets go shoppingShall we/1+do sth.?如：Shall we/1 go shopping?23.a lo t许多 常用于句末$0：I eat a lo t.我吃了许多。24.too.to 太而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv.+to do sth.$0：Tm too tired t

13、o say anything,我太累了，什么都不想说。25.not.at all 一点 也 不 根 本 不 如：I like milk very much.I dont like coffee at all.我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at a ll则放在句尾26.be/get excited about sth.=be/get excited about doing sth.=be excited to do sth.对感兴奋 如：lam/get excited about going to Beijing.=I am excited to go t

14、o Beijing.我对去北京感到兴奋。27.end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing.晚会以唱歌而结束。end up with sth.以结束 如：The party ended up with her singing.晚会以她的歌唱而告终。28.first of all 首先.to begin with 一开始later o n后来、随29.also也、而 且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间either也（用于否定句）常在句末t o o 也（用于肯定句）常在句末=25 well30.make mistakes 犯错mis

15、take sb.for把.错认为.make mistakes(in)doing sth.在干某事方面出错by mistake错误地；由于搞错mistake-mistook mistaken如：I often make mistakes.我经常犯错。I mistook him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。make a mistake 犯 b车 昔 误 如：I have made a mistake.我已经犯了一个错误。31.laugh at sb.笑话；取笑(某人)如：Dont laugh at me!不要取笑我！32.take notes做笔记，做记录33.enjo

16、y doing sth.喜欢做乐意做 如：She enjoys playing football.她喜欢踢足球。enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself.他过得愉快。34.native speaker说本族语的人35.one of+(the+形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 其中之一如：She is one of the most popular teachers.她是最受欢迎的教师之一。36.Ifs+形容词+(for sb.)to do sth.(对于某人来说)做某事.如：It，s difficult(for me)to study English.对于我来

17、说学习英语太难了。句中的i t是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English37.practice doing练习做某事 如：She often practice speaking English.她经常练习说英语。38.decide to do sth.决定做某事 如：LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing.李雷已经决定去北京。39.deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.40.worry about sb./sth.担心某人/某事如：Mother worried about his son just

18、now.妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。41.be angry with sb.对某人生气 如:I was angry with her.我对她生气。42.perhaps=maybe 也许43.go by（时间）过去 如：Two years went by.两年过去了。44.see sb./sth.doing看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生see sb./sth.do 看见某人在做某事 如：如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里 1EI1EI。45.each other 彼此46.regard.as.把看作为.如:The bo

19、ys regarded Anna as a fool.这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。47.too many 许 多 修 饰 可 数 名 词 如：too many girlstoo much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milkmuch too 太修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful48.change.in to.将.变为.如：The magician changed the pen into a book.这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。49.with the help of sb.=with ones help 在某人的帮助下如：with the help of Li

20、Lei=with LiLeis help 在李雷的帮助下pare.to.把.与.相比如：Compare you to Anna,you are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。二、短语：l.by making flashcards通过做单词抽认卡2.ask.for help向某人求助3.read aloud 朗读4.that way(=in that way)通过那种方式5.i mprove my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧6.for example(=for instance)例如7.have fun玩得高兴8.have conversations with fr

21、iends 与朋友对话9.get excited 高兴，激动lO.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话1 l.do a survey about 做有关的调查12.keep an English notebook t己英语笔t己13.spoken English(=oral English)英语 口 语14.make mistakes 犯错误15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确16.practise speaking English 练习说英语17.first of all 首先18.begin w ith以开始19.lat

22、er on 随后20.in class在课堂上21.1aught at 嘲笑22.take notes 记笔记23.enjoy doing 喜欢干.24.write down 写下，记下25.look up(v+ad v)查找，查询26.native speakers说本族话的人27.make u p编造，虚构，化妆，打扮28.around the world 全世界29.deal w ith对待，处理，解决30,worry about(be worried about)担心，担忧31.be angry w ith生某人的气32.stay angry 生气33.go by 消逝34.regar

23、d.as.把当做plain about/of 抱怨36.change.into.把.变成.(=turn into)37.with the help o f在的帮助下pare.to(with).把.和.作比较39.think of(think about)想起，想 至4O.physical problems 身体上的问题4Lbreakoff中断，突然终止42.not.at a ll根 本不，全然不三、句子l.How do you study for a test?你怎样为考试做准备？2.1 have learned a lot that way.用那种方法，我已经学到了很多东西。3.I ts t

24、oo hard to understand the voice.听懂那些声音太难了。4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。5.Wei Ming feels differently.卫明有不同的感受。6.He finds watching movies frustrating.他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.她又说和朋友对话根本没用。8.1 dont hav

25、e a partner to practice English with.我没有搭档一起练习英语。9.Later on,I realized that it doesnt matter if you dont understand every word.随后，我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。lO.Its amazing how much this helped.我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。11.My teacher is very impressed.给老师留下了深刻的印象。12.She had trouble making complete sentences.她很难造出完整的句子。13.W

26、hat do you think you are doing?你在做什么？14.Most people speak English as a second language.英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。15.How do we deal with our problem?我们怎样处理我们的问题？16.lt is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers.在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。He cant walk o

27、r even speak.他无法走路,甚至无法说话Unit 2知识点l.used t o 过去常常做某事，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态.后跟动词原形.used to do sth.There used to be.（反意疑问句）didnt there?否定形式为：didnt use to 或 usednt to疑问形式为：Did.use to.?或 Used.to.?be/get used to doing sth.习惯于,to 为介词.2.wear表示状态.=be in+颜色的词put o n表示动作.dress+人 给某人穿衣服.dress sb./oneselfhave on表 示 状

28、 态（不用于进行时态）3.on the swim team o n是的成员，在供职.4.Dont you remember me?否定疑问句.（考点）Yes,I d o.不,我 记 得.No,I dont是的，我不记得了.5.反意疑问句：陈述部分的主语为this,that,疑问部分主语用it;陈述部分主语用these,those,疑问部分用they做主语.例：This is a new story,isnt it?Those are your parents,arent they?陈述部分是there b e结构，疑问部分仍用there彳 列：There was a man named Pau

29、l,wasnt there?I a m后的疑问句，用arent I例：I am in Class 2,arent I?(4)陈述部分与含有 not,no,never,few,little,hardly,seldom,neither,none 等词时，疑问部分用肯定.例：Few people liked this movie,didnt they?但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时一，这个句子仍视为肯定，后面仍用否定.例：Your sister is unhappy,isnt she?陈述部分的主语若为不定式或V-in g短语，疑问部分主语用it.例：To spend so much mon

30、ey on clothes is unnecessary,isnt it?陈述句中主语是nobody,no one,everyone,everybody等指人的不定代词时，疑问部分用they做主语；若陈述部分主语是something,anything,noting,everything等指事物的不定代词时，疑问部分用i t做主语.例：Nobody says one word about the accident,do they?Everything seems perfect,doesn?t it?当主语是第一人称I时 一，若谓动为think,believe,guess等词时，且其后跟宾丛，这

31、时疑问句部分的人称,时态要与宾语从句保持一致，同时还要考虑否定转移.例：I dont think he can finish the work in time,can he?前面是祈使句，后 用will you?（le f s开头时，后 用shall we?）6.be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.7.miss:思念，想念 例：I really miss the old days.错 过，未中，未赶上，未找到.例：Its a pity that you miss the bus.The boy shot at the goal,but missed.8.

32、no more（用在句中）=not any more（用在句尾）指次数；no longer（用在句中）=not any longer（用在句尾）指时间.9.right:a d j.正确的，右边的n.右方，权利a d v.直接地.10.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot.=Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.11.afford+n./pron.afford+to do 常与 can,be able to 连用.例:Can you afford a new car?The film couldnt afford to pa

33、y such large salaries.12.as well a s连词，不但而且 强调前者.（若引导主语，谓动与前者在人称和数上一致彳 列：Living things need air and light as well as water.生命不仅需要水，还需要空气和阳光.I as well as they am ready to help you.不仅是他们，我也愿意帮助你.13.alone=by oneself 独自一人.lonely 孤独的，寂寞的.14.in the last/past+一段时间during the last/past+一段时间 与现在完成时连用.15.die(v

34、.)dead(adj.)death(n.)dying(垂死的)16.play the piano 弹钢琴17.be/become interested in s th.对感兴趣be interested in doing s th.对做感兴趣show great interest i n在.方面产生极大的兴趣a place of interest 处 名 月 生 some places of interest如：H e is interested in math,but he isnt interested in speakingEnglish.他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。inte

35、rested adj.感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物 an interesting book/man18.害怕 be terrified of sth.如：I am terrified of the dog.be terrified of doing sth.如：I am terrified of speaking.19.o n 副词，表 示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，其反义词off.with the light o n 灯开着20.walk to somewhere步行到某处 walk to

36、school步行到学校21.spend动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”spend.on sth.在某事上花费（金钱、时间）spenddoing sth.花 费（金钱、时间）去做某事 如：He spends too much time on clothes.他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。pay fo r花费如：I pay 10 yuan for the book.我花了 10 元买这本书。take动 词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构有:It take(s)sb.to do sth.如：It takes me

37、 a day to read the book.22.chat with sb.与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him.我喜欢和他聊天。23.worry about sb./sth.担心某人/某事 worry是动词be worried about sb./sth.担心某人/某事 worried是形容词如：Dont worry about him.不用担心他。Mother is worried about her son.妈妈担心他的儿子。24.all the time 一直、始终25.take sb.to+地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如：A person took hi

38、m to the hospital.一个人把他送到 了 医院。Lui took me home.刘把我送回了家。(home的前面不能用to)26.hardly adv.几乎不、没 有hard困难的；猛烈地hardly ever 很少hardly修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前助动词/情态动词+hardlyhardly+实义动词 如：I can hardly understand them.我几乎不能够明白他们。I hardly have time to do it.我几乎没有时间去做了。It rains hard outside,I could hardly go out

39、.27.in the last few years.在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如：I have lived in China in the last few years.在过去的几年内我在中国住。28.be different from 与不同29.how to swim 怎样游泳不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what,which,how,where,when等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：The question is when to start.问题是什么时候开始。I dont know where to g o.我不知道去哪。30.make sb./sth.+形容词

40、make you happymake sb./sth.+动词原形 make him laugh31.move to+地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.32.lt seems that+从句 看起来好像.如：It seems that he has changed a lo t.看起来他好像变 了 许多。33.help sb.with sth.帮某人某事help sb.(to)do sth.帮某人做某事She helped me with English.她帮助我学英语。She helped me(to)study English。她帮助我学习英语。3

41、4.fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15 岁的fifteen-year-olds作名词指15岁的人fifteen years old 指年龄 15 岁 如：a fifteen-year-old boy 一个 15 岁的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing.15 岁的人喜欢唱歌。I am fifteen years old.我是 15 岁。35.支付不起 cant/couldnt afford to do sth.cant/couldnt afford sth.如：I cant/couldnt afford to buy the car.I can，t/c

42、ouldn，t afford the c a r,我买不起这个辆小车。36.as+形容词./副词+as sb.could/can尽某人的能力 如：Zhou run as fast as her could/can.她尽她最快的能力去跑。37.get into trouble with 遇到麻烦38.in the end 最后39.make a decision下决定 下决心40.to one surprise令某人惊讶 如：to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLeis surprise 令李雷惊讶41.take pride in sth.以而自豪 如：His father

43、 always take pride in him.他的爸爸总是以他而自豪42.pay attention to sth.对注意，留心 如：You must pay attention to your friend.你应该多注意你的朋友。43.be able to do sth.能做某事 如：She is able to do it.她能够做到44.give up doing s th.放弃做某事 如：My father has given up sm oking.我爸爸已经放弃吸烟 了。复合句与简单句的转化：when-at the age o f.so.that.-too.to./enoug

44、h to.(3)so that.-in order to do sth.because.-because o f.i f.-without/with.(6)if.-祈使句+and/or+简单句 宾语从句-特殊疑问词+动词不定式 be afraidAbe sure J that+从句 动词不定式be sorry It seems/seemed that sb.-sb.seems/seemed to do sth.Sb.hopes/hoped that.-sb.hopes/hoped to do sth.一 五-M t i口1.be more interested in 对更感兴趣.2.on th

45、e swim team 游泳队的队员.3.be terrified of 害怕.4.gym class 体操课.5.worry about.担心.6.all the time 一 直，总是7.chat w ith与闲聊8.hardly e v e r几乎从不9.walk to school=go to school on foottake the bus to school=go to school by bus10.as well a s不仅而且11.get into trouble 遇到麻烦12.make a decision 做出决定13.to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是1

46、4.take pride in为感到骄傲15.pay attention to 留心，注意16.consist o f由组成/构成.be made up o f由组成/构成.17.instead o f代替，而不是18.in the end最后，终于19.play the piano 弹钢琴三、句子1.1 used to be afraid of the dark.我以前害怕黑暗.2.1 go to sleep with my bedroom light o n.我开着卧室的灯睡觉.3.1 used to spend a lot of time playing games with my fr

47、iends.以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.4.1 hardly ever have time for concerts.我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.6.1t will make you stressed out.那会使你紧张的.7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lo t.玉梅似乎变化很大.Unit 3一、知识点英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Cats eat fish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。F

48、ish is eaten by c a ts.（被动语态）鱼被猫吃。被动语态的构成由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词b e有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与b e作为连系动词时完全一样。时 态 被 动 语 态 结 构 例句一 般 amEnglish is spoken现 在are+过去分词in many countries.时一 般was+过去分词过去were+过去分词时情 can/should态动 分词词 must/.may+be+过 去This bridge wasbuilt in 1989.The work must bedone right now.被动语态的用法当我们不

49、知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。2.allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事（主动语态）如:Mother allows me to watch TV every night.妈妈允许我每晚看电视。be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事（被动语态）如：LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou.莉莉被允许去钦州。3.get their ears pierced 穿耳洞让/使（别人）做某事 get sth.done（过去分词）have sth.done 如：I get my car

50、repaired.=I have my car repaired.我让别人修好我的车I want to have my hair cut.我要理发.4.enough 足够形容词+eno u g h如：beautiful enough足够漂亮enough+名词 如：enough food足够食物enough to 足够去做 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing.我有足够的钱去北京。She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。5.stop doing sth.停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止