[2005-2017考研英语一真题]2005-2017历年考研英语一真题和答案解析详细讲解[12年考研英语一真题官方最全].pdf

《[2005-2017考研英语一真题]2005-2017历年考研英语一真题和答案解析详细讲解[12年考研英语一真题官方最全].pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《[2005-2017考研英语一真题]2005-2017历年考研英语一真题和答案解析详细讲解[12年考研英语一真题官方最全].pdf（231页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、WORD 格式整理版20162016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一一)试题试题Section I Use ofSection I Use ofEnglishEnglishDirections:Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia,the choice of a spouse is a complex one for t

2、he young male.It mayinvolve not only his parents andhis friends,1 those ofthe young woman,but also a matchmaker.A young man can 2a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3the marriage negotiations,or the young man sparents may make the choice of a spouse,giving the child littleto say in

3、 the selection.4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents havechosen.5 aspouse has beenselected,each familyinvestigates the otherto make sure itschildis marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is along and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted threedays,7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a d

4、ay and a half.Buddhistpriests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing.Parts of theceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9 cotton threads soaked in holywater around the bride s and groom s wrists,and10a candle around a circleof happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlywedstra

5、ditionally move inwith the wife s parents and may12 with them up to a year,13 theycan build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14,but not common.Divorced personsare 15with some disapproval.Each spouse retains 16propertyhe or she17into the marriage,and jointly-acquiredpropertyis18equally

6、.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagender prejudice19up:the divorced male doesn t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1.A by way of2.A adapt to3.A close4.A Above all5.A Although6.A into7.A since8.A copy9.A foldingB on behalf ofB provide forB renewB In theoryB Les

7、tB withinB butB testB pilingC as well asC compete withC arrangeC In timeC AfterC fromC orC reciteC wrappingD with regardtoD decided onD postponeD For exampleD UnlessD throughD soD createD tying学习指导参考WORD格式整理版10.A passing11.A meeting12.A grow13.A whereas14.A obtain15.A isolated16.A whateverB lighting

8、B collectionB partB untilB followB persuadedB howeverC hidingC associationC dealC ifC challengeC viewedC wheneverD servingD unionD liveD forD avoidD exposedD wherever学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版17.A changed18.A withdrawn19.A breaks20.A so thatB broughtB investedB warnsB whileCshapedC donatedC showsC onceD pushe

9、dDdividedD clearsDinthatSectionSection IIII ReadingReading ComprehensionComprehensionPartPartA ADirectionsDirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Text 1France,which prides itself asthe

10、 global innovator of fashion,has decided itsfashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it acrime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to banwebsites that i nci

11、 te excessive thinness by promotingext rem e dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should notbe defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodels seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death as s

12、ome have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibilityfor the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape-measurethey must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to women(and many men)that theyshould not let oth

13、ers be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hintthat people shouldlook to intangible qualities like character and intellectrather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change aculture that still rega

14、rds beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body masscould result in a$85,000 fine and sixmonthsprison.inThe fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on materialadornment and idealized body types.I

15、n Denmark,the United States,and a few othercountries,it is trying to set voluntary standardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressurefor enforcement.In contrast to France s actions,Denmark s fashion industry agreed last month on rules andsanctions regarding the age,health,and other charact

16、eristics of models.The newlyrevised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearlystates:We are aware of and take responsibilityfor theimpact the fashionindustryhas on body ideals,especiallyon youngpeopl e.Thechar ters main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modelingagencies to Copenhag

17、en Fashion学习指导参考WORD格式整理版Week(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneral it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body idealsmay be the学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions

18、of beauty beyond the materialstandards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen inFrance?A New runways would be constructed.BPhysicalbeautywouldberedefined.CWebsitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.DThefashion industry would decline.22.The phrase impinging on(Line 2,Para

19、.2)is closest in meaningto.A heightening the value ofBindicatingthestate ofC losing faithinD doing harmto23.Which of the following is true of the fashionindustry?A New standards are being set inDenmark.B The French measures have alreadyfailed.C Models are no longer underpeer pressure.D Its inherent

20、problemsare getting worse.24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW forA pursuing perfect physical conditionsB caring too much about modelscharacterC showing little concern for healthfactorsD setting a high age threshold formodels.25.Which of the following may be the best title ofthe text?A

21、 A Challenge to the Fashion IndustrysBody IdealsB A Dilemma for the Starving Models inFranceC Just Another Round of Struggle forBeauty学习指导参考WORD格式整理版D The Great Threats to the FashionIndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a c

22、urious result.While polls showBritonsrate t he countrysidealongside the royalfamily,Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as whatmakes them proudest of their country,this has limited political traction.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylishhouses but t

23、o save t he beauty of natural places for everyoneforever.It was specificallyto providecity dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experiencearefreshing air.Hills pr essur e later led to thecreation of national parks and green belts.They don t makecountryside any mor e,and every year concr

24、ete consumes more of it.It needs constantguardianship.学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority overconservation,even authorisingo f f-planbuilding wherelocal people

25、might object.The conceptof sustainable development has been defined as profitable.Labour likewise wantsto discontinue local planningwhere councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent.Only Ukip,sensing its chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approachtousing gree

26、n land.Nigel Farage s speechthis year to the Campaignto Protect RuralEngandstruck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses,factories and offices is where peopleare,in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents StirlingAckroyd recentl

27、y identified enough sites for half a million houses in the Londonarea alone,with no intrusion on green belt.What is true of London is even truerof the provinces.The idea thath ousing crisis equals c oncreted meadows is pure lobby talk.The issueisnot the need for more houses but,as always,where to pu

28、t them.Under lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.Hefavours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free marketbut a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.Theydo so best where building sticks to

29、 their edges and respects their character.Wedo not ruin urban conservation areas in this way.Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned,not let rip.After the Netherlands,Britain is Europe smostcrowded country.Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retainan enviable rura

30、lcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.There is no doubt of the alternative the corrupted landscapes ofsouthern Portugal,Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of thepolitical spectrum.26.Britainspublicsentimentaboutthecountryside_.A did

31、nt start till the Shakespearean ageB has brought much benefit to theNHS C is fully backed by the royalfamily D is not well reflected inpolitics27.According to Paragraph 2,the achievements of the National Trust are nowbeingA gradually destroyedBeffectivelyDreinforced C largelyovershadowed学习指导参考.WORD格

32、式整理版properly protected28.which of the following can be inferred fromParagraph 3?A Labour is under attack for opposingdevelopment.B The Conservatives may abandon off-planbuilding.C The Liberal Democrats are losing politicalinfluence.D Ukip may gain from its support forrural conservation.29.Theauthorh

33、oldsthatGeorgeOsbornesPreference.学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版A highlights his firm stand against lobby pressureB shows his disregard for the character ofrural areas C stresses the necessity ofeasing the housing crisis D reveals a strongprejudice against urban areas30.In the last paragraph,the author shows his a

34、ppreciationofA the size of population in Britain.B the political life in todays BritainC the enviable urban lifestyle in BritainD the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of busines s,wroteMilton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist.That is,

35、to use its resources and engage in activitiesdesigned to increase its profit s.But evenif you accept Friedman s premise and regardcorporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcom

36、paniesat least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15 billiona year on CSR,according to an estimate last year by EPG,a consulting firm.Thiscould add value to their businesses in threeways.First,consumers may takeCSR spending asa s

37、 ignal that acompany sproducts are of high quality.Second,customers may be willingto buy a companys products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuseha loef fect,whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous s

38、tudies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects becauseconsumers can be affected by all three.A recent paper attempts to separate themby looking at bribery prosecutions under Americas Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a companys products

39、 aspart of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out thepossibility that it was firms political influence,rather than

40、their CSR stance,that accounted for the leniency:companies that contributed more to politicalcampaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the authors conclude that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate acase based on its merits,they doseem to be influencedby a companys record inCSR.Weestimate tha

41、teithereliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as childlabour,or increasing corporate givingby about 20%results in fines that generally are 40%lower than the typical punishment学习指导参考WORD格式整理版for bribingforeign officials,saysone researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answ

42、er the question of how muchbusinesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are bankingon the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide theirdo-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies getinto trouble with the law,evide

43、nce of good character can win them a less costlypunishment.学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版31.The author views Milton Friedman s statement about CSR with_.A toleranceB skepticismC uncertaintyD approval32.According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company by_A winning trust from consumersBguardingitagainstmalpractices C p

44、rotecting itfrom being defamed D raisingthe quality of its products.33.The expression more lenient(Line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaningto.A more effectiveB less controversialC less severeD more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a companys CSR record.A has an impact on their decisionB comes a

45、cross as reliable evidenceC increases the chance of being penalizedD constitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the following is true of CSR,according to the lastparagraph?A Its negative effects on businesses are oftenoverlooked.B The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown.C C

46、ompanies financial capacity for it has been overestimated.D It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day whenTheNewYorkTimesceases to publish storieson newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.Sometime inthe future,the papers publish

47、er said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,theres plenty ofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaperprinting presses,delivery trucksisnt just expensive;its excessiveat a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of finan

48、cialconstraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though printad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still学习指导参考WORD格式整理版declining.Overhead may be high and circulation maybe lower,but rushing to eliminate itsprint edition would be a mistake,say

49、s BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says theTimesshouldnt waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way.Figuring out a way to acceleratethat transition would make sense for them,he said,but if you discontinue it,youre going to have your most loyal cus

50、tomers really upset with you.学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example ofNetflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.*It was seenas a blunder,he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti werein charge atThe New York