6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案.pdf

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1、20142014 年年 6 6 月英语月英语四级仔细阅读四级仔细阅读真题（第一套）及答案真题（第一套）及答案Passage OnePassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do justone year out of college,many wer

2、e at a loss to explain it.All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap-that women fall behindwhen they leave the workforce to raise kids,for example,or that they dont seek as manymanagement roles-failed to justify this one.These young women didnt have kids yet.Andbecause they wer

3、e just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees,few of thesewomen yet had the chance to go after(much less decline)leadership roles.But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent.The first is thatno matter how many women may be getting college degrees,the university exper

4、ience is stillan unequal one.The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focuson the economic consequences of our students years on campus.Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the numberof undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded,one mig

5、ht think the college campus is apretty equal place.It is not.Studies show that while girls do better than boys in highschool,they start to trail off during their college years.They enroll in different kindsof classes,tend to major in less rigorous(非常严格的)subjects,and generally head offwith less ambit

6、ious plans.As a result,its not surprising that even the best educated young women enter theworkplace with a slight disadvantage.Their college experience leaves them somewhatconfused,still stumbling(栽倒)over the dilemmas their grandmothers generation soughtto destroy.Are they supposed to be pretty or

7、smart?Strong or sexy(性感的)All theirlives,todays young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion-to pursuescience and sports,math and theater-and do it all as well as they possibly can.No wonderthey are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school.They aret

8、oo exhausted,and too scared of failing.56.Traditionally,it is believed that women earn less than men because _.A)they have failed to take as many rigorous coursesB)they do not feel as fit for management rolesC)they feel obliged to take care of their kids at homeD)they do not exhibit the needed leade

9、rship qualities57.What does the author say about Americas higher education system?A)It does not offer specific career counseling to women.B)It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.C)It does not take care of women students special needs.D)It does not encourage women to take rigorous sub

10、jects.58.What does the author say about todays college experience?A)It is different for male and female students.B)It is not the same as that of earlier generations.C)It is more exhausting than most women expect.D)It is not so satisfying to many American students.59.What does the author say about wo

11、men students in college?A)They have no idea how to bring out their best.B)They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.C)They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.D)They dont perform as well as they did in high school.60.How does the author explain thepay gap betweenmen and women fre

12、sh from college?A)Women are too worn out to be ambitious.B)Women are not ready to take management roles.C)Women are caught between career and family.D)Women are not good at negotiating salaries.Passage TwoPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Questions 61 to 65 are based o

13、n the following passage.Heading leadership literature,youdsometimes think that everyone has the potentialto be an effective leader.I dont believe that to be true.In fact,I see way fewer truly effective leaders thanI see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriouslym

14、isguided about their own abilities.Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspireto(追求)leadership in the first place.Weve all met the type of individual who simply must take charge.Whether its adecision-making session,a basketball game,or a family outing,they

15、 cant help grabbingthe lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life.They believe theyre naturalborn leaders.Truth is,theyre nothing of the sort.True leaders dont assume that its their divine(神圣的)right,to take charge every time two or more people get together.Quite the opposite.A great leade

16、r will assess each situation on its merits,and will only take charge whentheir position,the situation,and/or the needs of the moment demand it.Many business executives confuse leadership with action.They believe that constantmotion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct.Faced with any situation

17、 that cantbe solved by the sheer force of activity,they generate a dust cloud of impatience.Theirone leadership tool is volume:if they think you arent working as hard as they think youshould,their demands become increasingly louder and harsher.True leaders understand the value ofaction,of course,but

18、 it isnt their only tool.In fact,it isnt even their primary tool.Great leaders see more than everyone else:answers,solutions,patterns,problems,opportunities.They know its vitally important to do,butthey also know that thinking,understanding,reflection and interpretation are equallyimportant.If youre

19、 too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulate and intimidateothers to achieve those outcomes,then you arent leading at all,youre dictating.A trueleader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targetsand achieve their goals.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

20、 2 2 上作答。上作答。61.What does the author think of the leaders he knows?A)Many of them are used to taking charge.B)Few of them are equal to their positions.C)Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.D)Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.62.Why are some people eager to grab leade

21、rship positions?A)They believe they have the natural gift to lead.B)They believe in what leadership literature says.C)They have proved competent in many situations.D)They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.63.What characterizes a great leader according to the author?A)Being able to take pr

22、ompt action when chances present themselves.B)Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.C)Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.D)Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.64.How will many business executives respond when thei

23、r command fails to generateaction?A)They reassess the situation at hand.B)They become impatient and rude.C)They resort to any tool available.D)They blame their team members.65.What is the authors advice to leaders?A)Concentrate on one specific task at a time.B)Use different tools to achieve differen

24、t,goals.C)Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.D)Show determination when faced with tough tasks.第三套Passage OneQuestions 56 56 to 60 60 are based on the following passage.Hospitals,hoping to curb medical error,have invested heavily to put computers,smartphones and other devices into the hand

25、s of medical staff for instant accessto patient data,drug information and case studies.But like many cures,this solution has come with an unintended side effect;doctorsand nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient,even during momentsof critical care.A poll showed that half of medical t

26、echnicians had admitted textingduring a procedure.This phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medicalschools about a problem perhaps best described as distracted doctoring.Inresponse,some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devices incritical settings,whil

27、e schools have started reminding medical students to focuson patients instead of devices.You justify carrying devices around the hospital to do medical records,butyou can surf the Internet or do Facebook,and sometimes Facebook is more tempting,said Dr.Peter Papadakos at the University of Rochester M

28、edical Center.My gut feeling(本能的感觉)is lives are in danger,said Dr.Papadakos.Were not educating people about the problem,and its getting worse.A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians whomonitor bypass machines acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones during hea

29、rtsurgery.Half said they had texted while in surgery.The study concluded,Suchdistractions have the potential to be disastrous.Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones,andmultitasking is simply a fact of life for many medical jobs.What has changed,saydoctors,especially yo

30、unger ones,is that they face increasing pressure to interactwith their devices.The pressure stems from a mantra(信条)of modem medicine that patient care mustbe data driven,and informed by the latest,instantly accessible information.By many accounts,the technology has helped reduce medical error by pro

31、vidinginstant access to patient data or prescription details.Dr.Peter Carmel,president of the American Medical Association,said technologyoffers great potential in health care,but he added that doctors first priorityshould be with the patient.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。56.Why do hospitals equip their staff

32、 with computers,smartphones and other devices?A)To reduce medical error.B)To cope with emergencies.C)To facilitate administration.D)To simplify medical procedures.57.What does the author refer to by distracted doctoring?A)The disservice done by modem devices to doctors,nurses,as well as patients.B)T

33、he tendency of medical institutions encouraging the use of modem devices.C)The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.D)The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working.does Dr.Peter Papadakos worry about?A)Medical students are not adequately

34、 trained to use modem technology.B)Doctors interaction with their devices may endanger patients lives.C)octors are relying too heavily on modem electronic technology.D)Pressures on the medical profession may become overwhelming.59.Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to use modem devices?A)Patien

35、ts trust doctors who use modem technology.B)Use of modem devices adds to hospitals revenues.C)Data is given too much importance in patient care.D)Patients data has to be revised from time to time.60.What is Peter Carmels advice to doctors?A)They follow closely the advances in medical science.B)They

36、focus their attention on the patients condition.C)They observe hospital rules and regulations.D)They make the best use of modem devices.Passage TwoQuestions 61 61 to 65 65 are based on the following passage.I have closely watched my generation,known as The Millennials,for 29 yearsnow.Joel Stein wrot

37、e an extensive piece on Millennials and he remains ratheroptimistic about our potential.I hesitate to share his optimism because of a paradox(矛盾的现象)we seemto exhibit,namely,that there aremore avenues for us to entertain ourselves thanever before,yet we are more bored than ever before.Entertainment h

38、as never been more varied.We have more cable channels,televisionshows,and movies than ever before.Internet providers allow instant viewing ofalmost any movie or television program ever created.Social drinking and partyingare also widely available for Millennials.Every generation develops these habit

39、sat a certain age,but Millennials seem to be extending this phase of life as theypostpone marriage.Some of this is undoubtedly due to The Great Recession.Millennials are havinga difficult time finding jobs;only 47 percent of 16-to-24-year-olds are employed,the smallest share since government started

40、 recording data in 1948.But do Millennials respond to these economic troubles by doing whatever it takesto make ends meet?Hardly.In fact,of the four generations Pew Research has datafor,the Millennial generation does not cite work ethic(勤奋工作)as distinctiveof itself.Millennials want to save the world

41、,but they sit and wait for thatworld-changing opportunity to be handed to them.Instead of working 2-3 jobs,launching a business,or doing what it takes to succeed,they retreat.Millennialsmay be the first generation to have a lower standard of living than their parents,but with this response to advers

42、ity(逆境),perhaps deservingly so.Much ink has been spilled in management books discussing how to get the most outof these youths in the workplace.Largely,they come to the same conclusion;Millennials are entitled,over-confident,and expect too much too quickly.We shouldnot be surprised.Todays young adul

43、ts were raised by parents who made sure to boosttheir self-esteem at every turn,telling them they could achieve whatever they settheir minds to,and handing out prizes for the sixth place.61.What does the author of the passage think of Millennials?A)They show little interest in entertainment.B)They a

44、re not confident about their ability.C)They enjoy an easy life due to high technology.D)They may not have bright prospects for success.62.How do Millennials feel about their life?A)They can hardly do anything about it.C)It is not as good as their parents.B)There is little in it to get excited about.

45、D)It is full of opportunities for success.63.In what way are Millennials different from previous generations according toPew Research?A)They spend less time socializing.C)They do not value hard work.B)They are indifferent to others.D)They are more independent.64.What should Millennials do according

46、to the author?A)Remain optimistic in face of adversity.C)Make full use of new opportunities.B)Start a business as early as possible.D)Take action to change their situation.65.Why are Millennials over-confident about themselves?A)They have been spoiled by their parents.C)They are misguided by managem

47、entbooks.B)They can always get whatever they expect.D)They think they are young andenergetic.第二套Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or theliberal arts in higher education isnt an either/or propo

48、sition(命题),althoughthe current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM(science,technology,engineering,maths)related fields can make it seem that way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technicaltraining,but also asserts that the study of the humanities(人文学科

49、)and socialsciences must remain central components of Americas educational system at alllevels.Both areas are critical to producing citizens who can participateeffectively in our democratic society,become innovative(创新)leaders,and benefitfrom the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great

50、 ideas of mankind overtime provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry aboutgraduates job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic andglobal markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs.Underthese circumstances,its natu