2011年考研英语真题：完形填空详解.pdf

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1、20112011 考研英语真题：完型填空详解考研英语真题：完型填空详解题目的文章来自于 2009 年 4 月号 Scientific American,作者 Steve Ayan,原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier,SexierHow Humor Makes You Friendlier,Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exerciseprecious to health。But 1 despite some claims

2、 to the contrary,chucklingprobably has little influence on physical fitness.Laughter does 2 produceshort-term changes in cardiovascular function and respiration,3 boostingheart rate,respiratory rate and depth,as well as oxygen consumption.But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 sustain,a good gu

3、ffaw isunlikely to have 5 measurable cardiovascular benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does。6 In fact,insteadof straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the 7 opposite.Studies dating back tothe 1930s indicate that laughter 8 relaxes muscles,decreasing mu

4、scle tonefor up to 45 minutes after the guffaw subsides。Such physical relaxation might conceivably help 9 moderate the effectsof psychological stress.After all,the act of laughing probably doesproduce other types of 10 physical feedback that improve an individual”semotional state.11 According to one

5、 classical theory of emotion,ourfeelings are partially rooted 12 in physical reactions.Americanpsychologist William James and Danish physiologist Carl Lange argued atthe end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 because they aresad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow。Althou

6、gh sadness also 14 precedes tears,evidence suggests that emotionscan flow 15 from muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wrzburg in Germanyand his colleagues asked volunteers to 16 hold a pen either with theirteeth-thereby creating

7、 an artificial smile-or with their lips,whichwould produce a 17 disappointed expression.Those forced to exercise theirsmiling muscles 18 reacted more exuberantly to funny cartoons than didthose whose mouths were contracted in a frown,19 suggesting thatexpressions may influence emotions rather than j

8、ust the other way around.20 Similarly,the physical act of laughter could improve mood。1.Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike C2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate DproduceD3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing DdeterminingB4.Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate DobserveB5.Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable DrenewableA6.AIn

9、 turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn briefB7.Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage DexpectedA8.Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens DrelaxesD9.Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate DenhanceC10.Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious DinternalA11.AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs forB12.Awith Bon Cin DatC13.Aunless Buntil Cif Dbeca

10、useD14.Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses C15.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards DbeyondB16.Afetch Bbite Cpick DholdD17.Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful DindifferentA18.Aadapted Bcatered Cturned DreactedD19.Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning DsupposingA20.AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConversely C2011

11、 年的完型是简单的，一上来就做出了证明：第一题考了极其明显的逻辑关系而不是前几年一样先来一个“纸老虎”的下马威。而这样的简单词汇居然考了5 道题之多(1/6/11/13/20)。文章出处，还是来自于距离出题时间一年左右的西方杂志(符合我们讲的出题时间前十几到三十几个月的规律，显得更“新”而已)。今年的20道题80个选项，很多选项单词的设置都曾经在历年真题当中都出现过。如果说考生在一年的学习当中，如果不停的实践以真题为备考的复习原则的话，难度不是特别大。而所谓“新出现”的选项词汇作为正确答案的，也只有两成左右。出现了一些比较简单的题目，个别答案的词或词组难度相当于中考或者是高考。这个规律，当时讲

12、了两条：最简单的答案首选；偏词怪词首次出现的词汇不宜选。(1/5/10/12/13/14/16/18 都是这样的。)提及过的十大解题技巧里面很明确的同时也是很简单的“关联对应结构”技巧，在本文中基本上每段都有出现(3/10/17)，使得这几道题目近乎送分。还有一个更重要的规律，也是最近几年出现的比较频繁的规律，这次考题所占比例非常的大，甚至达到了总题量的整整一半！那就是同义和反义选项的问题，也直接降低了本次考试完型的难度：题 1：B except 和 C despite，是相对同义选项，应该是二者选一。题 3：A 稳定和 B 增加，虽然 C 和 D 也可以和心率形成“搭配”，但是前者是广义的反

13、义选项，二者选一的可能性更大。题 7：A opposite 和 D expected，这是更直接的反义选项，构成了数学上的“全集”，理论上如果和题意相关，必然是二者选一。但请注意，不是绝对的二者选一，这点和“相对同义选项”不同。历史上有例外，本次考试也有，那就是和题意无关，就都排除了。题 8，这是升级版的“反义选项”题目，居然是两组反义词，稍微增加了难度。题 9，A aggravate D enhance都和 C moderate是反义选项。而题目又同时可以和题目中的宾语 effect 搭配，是“绝对同义选项”。那么就形成了理论上最简单的题目：A 和 D 绝对同义；A 和 C 反义，就可以直接

14、选择答案了，而看原文都显得没有什么必要了。题 10，肉体和精神当然是反义词，我发现在这种偏理科的文章当中，这种极端的出题方式太让人泪奔了，幸好是简单的趋势，如果相反，我们就惨了啊。而Csubconscious 这个词的长度和难度都可以让人直接排除掉。题 13，就是我刚刚提及的例外。A unless，也就是 if not；C if，虽然是反义的，但是不符题意的逻辑关系，当然都不选。也很好理解。虽然是少数的矛盾和例外，但是仍旧不能影响这道题本身考察逻辑关系的简单。题 14，稍微难以判断的反义选择，因为很多同学对 C precede 的意思还不熟，但是根据前缀 pre 你也应该判断出些许端倪吧。还是二者选一。题 15，最简单的反义介词二选一。题 17，形容词二选一，也不难吧。其他的一些出题伎俩和解题技巧，甚至一些搞笑的无知选项以及首句给予大量信息这样的亘古不变的完型规律，其实，都有出现。大家可以看看(1/6/10-13/16/18/20)。