初中英语全部知识点总结.pdf

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1、初初 中中 英英 语语 全全 部部 知知 识识 点点 总总 结结(打打 印印版版)(总总 7 7 7 7 页页)-本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可-内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小-初一年级（上）初一年级（上）【知识梳理】【知识梳理】I.I.重点短语重点短语1.Sit down2.on duty3.in English4.have a seat5.at home6.look like7.look at8.have a e on10.at work11.at school12.put on13.look after14.get up15.go shoppingII.II.重要句型重要句

2、型1.help sb.do sth.2.What about3.Lets do sth.4.Its time to do sth.5.Its time for 6.Whats It is/Its7.Where is Its.8.How old are you Im.9.What class are you in Im in.10.Welcome to.11.Whats plus Its.12.I think13.Whos this This is.14.What can you see I can see.15.There is(are).16.What colour is it(are th

3、ey)Its(Theyre)17.Whose is this Its.18.What time is it Its.III.III.交际用语交际用语1.Good morning,Miss/Mr.2.Hello!Hi!3.Nice to meet you.Nice to meet you,too.4.How are you Im fine,thank you/thanks.And you5.See you.See you later.6.Thank you!Youre welcome.7.Goodbye!Bye!8.Whats your name My name is.9.Here you ar

4、e.This way,please.210.Whos on duty today11.Lets do.12.Let me see.IV.IV.重要语法重要语法1.动词 be 的用法；2.人称代词和物主代词的用法；3.名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4.冠词的基本用法；5.There be 句型的用法。【名师讲解】【名师讲解】1.in/on1.in/on在表示空间位置时，inin 表示在某个空间的范围以内，onon 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。2.thi

5、s/that/these/those2.this/that/these/those (1)thisthis 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，thesethese 是 thisthis 的复数形式。thatthat 常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，thosethose 时thatthat 的复数形式。例如：You look in this box and Ill look in thatone over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。I want this car,not that car.我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。Take these b

6、ooks to his room,please.请把这些书拿到他房间去。This is mine;thats yours.这个是我的，那个是你的。These are apples;those are oranges.这些是苹果，那些是橘子。(2)在打电话的用语中，this 常常指的是我，that 常常指的是对方。例如：This is Mary speaking.Whos that 我是玛丽。你是谁3.There be/have3.There be/haveThere beThere be 有，其确切含意为某处或某时存在某人或某物。其结构是：There be+某人或某物+表示地点或时间的状语。T

7、here be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be 动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用 is，名词是复数时用 are。例如：3(1)There is a big bottle of coke on thetable.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2)There is a doll in the box.那个盒子里有个娃娃。(2)seesee 强调“看”的结果，着重的是look 这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see 是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture 你能在图上看到什么Look at the blackb

8、oard.What did you see on(3)There are many apples on the tree.那树上有许多苹果。总之，There be 结构强调的是一种客观存在的有。havehave 表示拥有，占有，具有，即：某人有某物(sb.have/has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4)I have two brothers and one sister.我it 看黑板！你看到了什么(3)watchwatch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterda

9、y we watched a football match onTV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4.put on/in4.put on/inputput onon 意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作,后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。inin 是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5)That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4.look/see/watch4.look/see/watch(1)looklook 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：Look!The

10、children are playing computergames.瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look!Whats that over there 看！那边那个是什么做定语、标语和状语。如：Its cold outside,put on your coat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John 的妈妈。5.house/home/family5.house/home/familyhousehouse：“房子”

11、，指居住的建筑物;HomeHome:“家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方;FamilyFamily:“家庭“，“家庭成员”。单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词 at，才能带宾语，如：Hes looking at me。他正在看着我。例如：4Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home.他不在家。My family all get up early.我们全家都起得很早。6.fine,nice,good,well6.fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容词表示好之意，但前三者

12、既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：【考点扫描】【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1.动词 be 的用法；2.人称代词和物主代词的用法；3.名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4.冠词的基本用法；5.There be 句型的用法。6.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；7.本单元学过的日常交际用语。(1)finefine 指物时表示的是质量上的精细，形容人时表示的是身体健康，也可以用来指天气晴朗。例如：Yourparents are very fine.你父母身体很健康。Thats a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器。Its a fine day for a walk

13、today.今天是散步的好时候。(2)nicenice 主要侧重于人或物的外表，有美好，漂亮的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice.那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you.见到你很高兴。Its very nice of you.你真好。(3)goodgood 形容人时指品德好，形容物时指质量好，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：Her son is a good student.她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is verygood.那辆红色小汽车很好。考试形式可以是

14、单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。【中考范例】【中考范例】1.(2004 年北京市中考试题)Mary,please show _ your picture.A.my B.mine C.I D.me【解析解析】答案：D。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词 show后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾格 me 作宾语。2.(2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题)_ orange on the desk is for you,(4)wellwell 只可用来形容人的身体好，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：Im very well,thanks.我身

15、体很好，谢谢。My friendssing well.我的朋友们歌唱得好。Mike.A.A C./D.The5【解析解析】答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词 the。3.(2004 年哈尔滨市中考试题)-What _ the number of the girls inyour class -About twenty.A.is B.am C.are D.be【解析解析】答案：A。该题考查的是动词be 的用法和主谓一致。the number 作主语，应该是单数第三人称，动词 be 变为is。4.(2004 年陕西省中考试题)There _ a foot

16、ball match on TV thisevening.A.will have B.is going to be C.has D.isgoing to have【解析解析】答案：B。该题考查的是There be句型和动词 have 用法区别。There be 句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词 have 混在一起用。【满分演练】【满分演练】一.单项填空1.-What colour is the bike-Its _ orange.A.an B.a C./D.the2.That isnt her bag.Its _.A.my B.I C.mine D.me3.-Oh,you

17、r kite is very nice.-_.A.Thats right B.No,its not nice C.Yes,itis D.Thank you4.The woman is sixty,but she _ young.A.is B.sees C.looks D.watches5.Its time _ lunch.Lets go home.A.to B.in C.for D.on6.-_ is your coat -The black one.A.What B.Where C.Which D.How7.-_ is the toy -Its on the bed.A.Who B.Wher

18、e C.What D.Whose8.The shoes are too old.Put _ overthere.A.it B.they C.their D.them9.Excuse me.Can you _ my watch,please6 A.look B.look like C.look after D.look at10.Look _ the blackboard and listen_ the teacher.A./B.at;to C.after;/D.on;after11.-Whose dress is this -Its _.A.Lucy B.Lucys C.Jim D.Jims1

19、2.The girl _ the purple coat is his sister.A.at B.in C.on D.with13.There is a bird _ the tree.A.in B.on C.to D.of14.There are many _ in our school.A.woman teachers B.woman teacher C.women teacher D.women teachers15.-Is there a ball under the desk -_.A.Yes,it is B.Yes,theresC.No,there isnt D.No,there

20、 is16.There _ some books and a pencilon the desk.A.am B.is C.are D.be17.-Let me help you.-_.A.Youre welcome B.Thanks very much7C.Dont worry D.Yes,thanks18._ old man is _ English teacher.A.The;an B.An;an C.The;the D.A;a19.-What _ five plus six -Its eleven.A.am B.is C.are D./20.-What _ you see in the

21、picture -I can see some flowers.A.must B.can C.are D.do二.完形填空This is a picture of Kats _1_.Whatcan we _2_ in the picture Look_3_ it,please.The man _4_ theblack coat is Kates father,Mr.Green.The_5_ in the red sweater is Mrs.Green.They _6_ young.The baby is Kate.Thelittle boy is Kates _7_,Jim._8_the m

22、an behind Mrs.Green Oh,hes_9_ brother,Mr.Read.He _10_young,too.1.A.families B.family C.parents D.brothers2.A.look B.do C.see3.A.at B.after C.for D.up4.A.on B.of C.in D.to5.A.man B.girl C.women D.woman6.A.are B.is C.look like D.looking7.A.sister B.brother C.father D.aunt8.A.Whats B.Wheres C.Whos D.Ho

23、wis9.A.his B.her C.our D.their10.A.looks B.am C.look D.very三.在 B 栏中找出 A 栏英语句子的正确答语 (A)(B)1.How are you A.I am in Row 6.2.Can you spell it,please B.Fine,thankyou.3.How do you do C.Yes,b-o-o-k,book.4.What row are you in D.It is ten.5.Whats two plus eight E.Nice to meetyou,too.6.Nice to meet you.F.I am

24、 14.7.How old are you G.Wang Ping is.8.Whos not here H.Its here.9.Where is the bag I.Its a book.10.What is this in English J.How do youdo四.完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处Jim:Excuse me,Ann.Whose black dog isthis Is it yoursAnn:Let me have a.I think its Sams.Mydog is brown.Jim:Sam,look at the dog behind theS

25、am:Sorry,it isnt mine.My dog is blackand white.I think it looks like Marys.Jim:_3_Sam:Shes my friend.Look!Shes overthere.Lets go and ask her.Jim:_4_.Sam:Hi,Mary!Is that dog yoursMary:_5_.Sam:Its a lovely dog!Dont lose it!Mary:Yes,thank you.A.Whos MaryB.OK,lets goC.Oh,no its not mineD.Oh,yes.Its mine

26、E.Is it yours五.用所给单词的适当形式填空1._(He)pen is in _(I)pencil-box.82._(You)shoes _(be)underthe bed.3._(Who)new ruler is this4.-Are these trousers _(you)-No,they arent _(we)5.Its time _(go)and play games.6.This is my pen.Please give it to _(I).7.I have two _(baby).8.Look!That is a _(China)car.9.It is _(my t

27、eacher)sweater.10.Now her _(parent)are inAmerica.六.阅读理解 (A)Bob was born in a big and rich family.Hisfather is a university professor.He teachesAmerican history.His mother is a verycapable woman.She is the manager of a bigcompany.She earns a lot of money,ofcourse.Bob has two sisters and a brother.His

28、 elder sister,Jenny,is fourteen.Shestudies in a middle school.His youngersister,Ann,is ten.She studies in a privateprimary school.She has a very good9memory.She is clever.His younger brother,Dick,is only six.He has just started going toschool.Bob gets on well with his family.Heis on good terms not o

29、nly with his parents,but also with his sisters and brother.(have afriendly relationship with sb.)He is,in a word,an apple in their eyes.根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正确地答“A”，错误的答“B”。1.Bob was born in a small and rich family.2.He has two brothers and a sister.3.There are five people in his family.4.Dick is only

30、six.He studies in a privateprimary school.5.“He is an apple in their eyes”means“Theylove him very much”.(B)Look at the clothes line in the twins bedroom.There are some clothes on it.You can see a greenblouse and a yellow skirt.The trousers on theclothes line are black.They are not new but clean.Are

31、they Lilys clothes No.I know they are Lucys.Lilys clothes are on a clothes tree near the window.Her trousers are brown,her blouse is white andher skirt is blue.There is a new hat on the clothestree,but its not Lilys,its Lucys.There is an oldhat on Lucys bed in the room,its Lilys.There areno clothes

32、on the other bed,the bed is Lilys.1.What can you see in the bedroom I can see_.A.by bike B.by car C.by plane D.by bus2.There are _.A.a clothes line B.a tree C.a bed A.only one Chinese in the bus B.only two2.What colour are Lucys trousers They are_.C.only two Chinese on the bike D.only oneA.green B.b

33、lack C.brown3.Where is Lucys hat Its on _.A.the clothes tree B.the clothes line C.lilysbed4.How many beds are there in the room _.A.only one B.three C.two5.Are there any things on Lilys bed _.5.They _.A.Yes,there is a hat on it A.can see the Great WallB.canB.No,there is not anything on itC.Sorry,I d

34、ont know (C)Its a fine Sunday morning.Ann and hermother are in a big bus.There are many people init.Some of them come from America,and somecome from England and Canada.They are all theirfriends.They are going to the Great Wall.There are two Chinese in the bus.One iswoman.She is driving the bus.The o

35、ther is ayoung man.He speaks good English.He is nowtalking about the Great Wall.The other people areall listening to him.They like the Great Wall.Theywant to see it very much.1.Ann and mother are going to the GreatWall _.speak English very well.C.want to talk with theman very much D.want to see the

36、Great Wall verymuchChinese in the car3.The driver is _.A.a man B.a woman C.a Canadian D.anAmerican4.The people _.A.are singing B.are talking C.are listeningD.are looking at the wallChinese in the bus初一年级（下）初一年级（下）【知识梳理】【知识梳理】I.I.重点短语重点短语1.a bottle of2.a little3.a lot(of)4.all day5.be from6.be e e fr

37、om9.do ones homework10.do the shopping11.get down12.get home13.get to14.get up15.go shopping16.have a drink of17.have a look18.have breakfast19.have lunch20.have supper21.listen to22.notat all23.putaway24.take off25.throw it like that26.would like27.in the middle of the day28.in the morning/afternoo

38、n/evening29.on a farm30.in a factoryII.II.重要句型重要句型1.Let sb.do sth.2.Could sb.do sth.3.would like sth.4.would like to do sth.5.What about something to eat6.How do you spell 7.May I borrowIII.III.交际用语交际用语1.Thanks very much!Youre welcome.2.Put it/them away.3.Whats wrong4.I think so.I dont think so.5.I

39、want to take some books to theclassroom.6.Give me a bottle of orange juice,please.Please give it/them back tomorrow.OK.9.Whats your favourite sport10.Dont worry.m(not)good at basketball.12.Do you want a go13.Thats right./Thats all right./All right.1114.Do you have a dictionary/anydictionariesYes,I d

40、o./No,I dont.15.We/They have some CDs.We/They dont have any CDs.16.-What day is it today/tomorrow-Its Monday.17.-May I borrow your colour pens,please-Certainly.Here you are.18.-Where are you from-From Beijing.19.Whats your telephone number in NewYork20.-Do you like hot dogs-Yes,I do.(A little./A lot

41、./Verymuch.)-No,I dont.(I dont like them at all.)21.-What does your mother like-She likes dumplings and vegetablesvery much.22.-When do you go to school every day-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23.-What time does he go to bed in theevening-He goes to bed at 10:00.IV.IV.重要语法重要语法1.人称代词的用法；2.祈使句；3.现在

42、进行时的构成和用法；4动词 have 的用法；5一般现在时构成和用法；6可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法【名师讲解】【名师讲解】1.1.Thats right./Thats all right./All right.Thats right./Thats all right./All right.ThatsThats rightright 意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如：I think we must help the old man.我想我们应该帮助这位老人。ThatsThats rightright.或 YoureYoure rightright.说

43、得对。ThatsThats allall rightright.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如：Many thanks.Thats all right.Sorry.Its broken.Thats all right.12AllAll rightright.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”Please tell me about it.请把此事告诉我。All right.好吧。Is your mother all right 你妈Can you speak about him 你能不能说说他的情况I dont like t

44、o speak like this.我不喜欢这样说话。身体好吗2.make/do2.make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。makemake 指做东西或制东西，dodo 指做一件具体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me 你能为我做个纸船吗Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。3.say/speak/talk/tell3.say/speak/talk/tellsaysay：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：“I want to go there by bus”,he

45、said.他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English.请用英语说。speakspeak:“说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词(即后面不能直接接宾语)。如：speakspeak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好。talktalk:与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词，不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to ta

46、lk to him about it.我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。telltell:“告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：Hes telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。tell a lie 撒谎tell sb.to do sth./tell sb.not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4.do cooking/do the cooking4.do cooking/do the cooking13dodo cook

47、ingcooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。dodothethe cookingcooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking 为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some,much 修饰。从 do somecooking 可引出许多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some writing 写些东西do some fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用 some,much 或定冠词。go shopping 去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating

48、 去划船go swimming 去游泳5.like doing sth./like to do sth.5.like doing sth./like to do sth.likelike doingdoing sthsth.与 likelike toto do sthsth.意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：He likes playing football,but he doesntlike to play football with Li Ming.他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。146.other/other

49、s/the other/another6.other/others/the other/anotherotherother 表其余的，别的，Have you any other questions 你还有其他问题吗？othersothers 别的人，别的东西 In the room some people are American,the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。the otherthe other 表另一个（二者之中）one，theotherOne of my two brothers studies English,the other s

50、tudies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。anotheranother 表三者以上的另一个，另一些There is room for another few books onthe shelf.书架上还可以放点书。7.in the tree/on the tree7.in the tree/on the treeinin thethe treetree 与 onon thethe treetree.译成中文均为在树上但英语中有区别。inin thethe treetree 表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，