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1、2020-2021 年情态动词专项练习及答案详解一、单项选择情态动词一、单项选择情态动词1We _ take clean drinking water for granted.One day we may run out of it.AneedntCwont【答案】D【解析】【详解】BcantDshouldnt考查情态动词。句意:我们不应该把拥有洁净的饮用水看作是理所当然的。也许有一天,我们会用完它。shouldnt“不应该”,符合句意。neednt 不必;cant 不可能;wont 将不。故选 D。2Most of the top leaders expressed a common des
2、ire at the UN conference,_ thatdifferent cultures _ coexist with tolerance.Athe one;must【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查替代和情态动词。句意:大多数高层领导人在联合国大会上表达了一个共同的愿望,即不同的文化应该与宽容共存。大多数高层领导人在联合国大会上表达了一个共同的愿望,即不同的文化应该与宽容共存。替代表泛指的单数名词,通常用one 替代。此处用one 替代前面的 a desire,是同位语;结合句意第二空用情态动词should“应该”。故选 D。【点睛】that,it,one代指前面的名词时的用法1.on
3、e 指代前面出现的可数名词,是泛指。可以和冠词连用,也可以有自己的定语。一般不能用做特指,但和定冠词连用时可以是特指。如:Please show me the cup,the red one onthe shelf.2.It 指代前面提到的单数名词,相当于the one。当 one 是泛指的时候,指的是同名异物,it 是指同一物体.如:-Do you want the cup?-Yes,I want it.3.that 通常用来代替前面出现的可数名词不可数名词,主要是用来避免重复。如:Theweather of Guangzhou is hotter than that of Beijing.
4、Bthe one;shouldCone;mustDone;should3-Did Jim come?-I dont know.He _ while I was out.Amight have comeCmust have come【答案】A【解析】Bmight comeDshould have come【详解】考查情态动词推测用法。句意:Jim 来了吗?-我不知道,在我不在的时候,可能来过。根据前文 I dont know.可知,说话者不知道 Jim 来没来,因此后文推测来过,但是语气很不确定,故可知选 A。对过去情况的推测为情态动词+have done,must have done一定做了某
5、事,should have done应该来过,不符合,故选A。【点睛】情态动词+have+过去分词的用法,表示推测或判断过去的情况。can/could+have+过去分词用法:多用于否定句和疑问句中。表示对过去某事发生的可能性的否定或质疑,意为:不可能(已经).了-(否定句)/可能(已经).了嘛?-(疑问句)用于肯定句中。表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾,含有轻微的责备,意为:本来可以.的(但实际上没有.)。You could have done better,but you were too careless.(肯定句。他能做得更好的)should/ought to+have+过去分词用法:用于肯
6、定句中。表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾,含有责备的意思,意为:本来应该.的(但实际上没有.)。用于否定句中-表示对过去已经做了某事的责备,意为:本来不应该.的(但实际上已经.了)。He should have beenasleep.(肯定句,他本应去睡觉的)He shouldnt have been asleep.(否定句,他本来不应该去睡觉的)。may/might+have+过去分词用法:用于肯定句和否定句中,表示对过去发生某事的可能性的推测,意为:或许(已经)./或许还没有.。It is too late.He may have gone to bed.must+have+过去分词用法:表示对
7、过去发生的事情十分肯定的推测。must 表示推测时,不能用在否定句和疑问句中。I must have forgotten to tell you.(must 的引入,表达了说话者对过去忘记告诉你的这件事肯定推测)neednt+have+过去分词用法:表示对过去已经做了某事的后悔,意为:本来可以不必.的(可实际上却已经.)You neednt have taken a taxi here,for it was very near to my home.4The accident which left 15 people on board dead _ if both the angry fema
8、lepassenger and the bus driver had kept calm.Ashould have avoidedCcould have avoided【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查“情态动词+完成式”。句意:如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静,这起导致15 人死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。could have done“本来能做而没有做”,且句子主语 Theaccident 和谓语动词 avoid 之间是被动关系,结合句意可知答案为D。【点睛】情态动词+have done 结构:1.“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只Bsho
9、uld be avoidedDcould have been avoided用于肯定句。如:It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.2.“can/could+have+过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。can 和 could 一般用于否定句和疑问句,could 的语气较 can 弱。如:He cant have finished the work so soon.3.“may/might+have+过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might 的语气比 may 弱一点。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否
10、定句,疑问句改用can 或could。如:They may not have known it beforehand.4.“need+have+过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余。如:I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came.5.“should/ought to+have+过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to 的语气比 should 强一些。如:You ought to/should have studied hard
11、er.你本应该更努力学习的.(但没有)He oughtnt to/shouldnt have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.(可是做了)6.“would have 过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should 或 ought to 那样含有责备之意。如:I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.Another worker wouldnt have acted like that.5He is a ba
12、d-tempered fellow,but he _ be quite charming when he wishes.AshallCcan【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:他是个脾气不好的家伙,但当他希望自己有魅力的时候,他可以变得相当可爱。此处表示“能、可以”,故 C 项正确。BshouldDmust6The room is so clean.He _ have cleaned it yesterday evening.AwillCcan【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意:房间如此干净,他一定是昨天晚上打扫过了。must have done表示对过去发生的事
13、情有把握的猜测,意思是“一定(做过)”,故 D 项正确。BneedDmust7 Excuse me,do you mind if I open the window?Well,if you _.I can put on more clothes.AcanBmayCmust【答案】C【解析】【详解】Dshall考查情态动词。句意:-不好意思,我把窗户打开你介意吗?-好吧,如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。A.can 能够;B.may 可能;C.must 一定;必须;D.shall 会;将。must 表示偏要,必须要做的事情,故选C。8I often felt troubled in my
14、teens and my grandma _ comfort me,saying“Life is likethat,dear”.Awould【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:在我十几岁的时候,我经常感到烦恼,我的奶奶会安慰我说,“生活就是这样,亲爱的”。此处是 would+动词原形,表示“过去总是做某事”。故选 A。BmightCshouldDmust9Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but _say where he was.Amustnt【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意:“数天后,我弟弟打电话说他很好
15、,但不肯告诉我他在哪里。”mustnt“禁止”;shouldnt“不应该”;wouldnt“不情愿”;mightnt“不可能”。BshouldntCwouldntDmightnt10The new supermarket has announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day_ get a big prize.AmustCwould【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意:新开业的超市宣布,开业当天首先购物的人会得到大奖。shall 用于二三人称的陈述句中可以表示说话人的承诺,命令,警告等,此处表示超市的承诺
16、,故选 D。BcouldDshall11 Excuse me,could you please tell me how to get to the nearest Wenfeng Supermarket?OK,Its two blocks straight ahead.You _ miss it.AcantCneedntBmustntDwouldnt【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:劳驾,你能告诉我最近的Wenfeng Supermarket怎么走吗?好的,一直往前走两个街区就到了。你不会错过的。A.cant 不可能;B.mustnt 禁止,不允许;C.neednt 不必;D.wo
17、uldnt不会。故选 A。12Our English teacher is considerate,helpful,and warm-hearted,but sometimesshe_ be angry at our silly mistakes.AshouldCcan【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我们的英语老师很体贴、乐于助人、热心肠,但有时她可能为我们愚蠢的错误而发火。can 表示一种客观的可能性,但不一定会发生,故C 项正确。BmustDshall13No driving after drinking is a rule that every driver _ obey
18、in our country.AwillCmay【答案】B【解析】试题分析:考察情态动词。A.将要 B.将要 C.可能 D.可以。Will 表示请求、建议、意志、愿望和决心。Shall 用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对话的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。May 表示请求和允许;用于祈使句表示决心;表示推测、可能性。Can 表示能力;请求和允许。句意:酒后驾车是每一位驾车者在我们国家应当遵守的规则。故选B。考点:考察情态动词BshallDcan14It _ be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.AmustntCwont【答案】B【解析】D考查虚拟
19、语气。句意:不可能是邮递员在门口,才六点钟呢。mustnt禁止,不允许;cant 不可能;wont 不愿意,就是不,偏不;neednt不需要。BcantDneednt15What a pity!Considering his ability and experience,he _ it better.Aneed have doneCcan have doneBmust have doneDmight have done【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。句意:真遗憾啊!考虑到他的能力和经验,他也许可以做得更好。can have done较少使用此结构,表示对过去行为的怀疑;用于
20、疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”,表示怀疑;need have done需要做某事,实际上却未做(表示虚拟语气);must have done 一定做了某事(表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测);might have done表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。故D 正确。【点睛】本题是高考必考考点,一定要牢记句型意思。must have done过去肯定做了某事。shouldhave done 本应该做而实际未做。cant have done过去不可能做了某事;shouldnt have done本不应该做而实际做了。need have done本有必要做某事
21、而没做;neednt have done本没有必要做某事;注意没有mustnt have done的形式。16 Jim _ what I said annoying though he didnt say anything.So you mean you will have to apologize to him?Amust find【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查 must have done结构。句意:吉姆一定觉得我说的话很让人烦,尽管他什么也没说。所以你是说你得向他道歉?根据“though he didnt say anything.”可知此处表示对过去事情的肯定推测,用 must hav
22、e done表示“过去一定做了”,故 D 项正确。Bmight findCshould have found Dmust have found17Im sorry,but you _ go wrong.Theres no such man here.Aneed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:很抱歉,但是你一定是弄错了。这儿没有这么个人。A.need 需要;B.can 能够;C.must 必须;D.will 将会。must 指有把握的推测,“一定;必定”,结合下文Theres no such man here.可知一定是弄错了。故选C。BcanCmustDwill18-Mary k
23、nows the city quite well.-She_ well have been there before.Aneed【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】BcouldCshouldDmay考查情态动词辨析。句意:Mary 非常了解这个城市。她肯定以前在那里呆过。may have done过去可能做过某事。表示对过去的肯定猜测。need have done本需要做某事却没做;could have done本可以做某事却没做;should have done本应该做某事却没做。故选 D。19I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock
24、each morning the train comes by myhouse.AcouldntCshouldnt【答案】D【解析】试题分析:考查情态动词辨析。A 不可能;B 禁止,千万不能;C 不应该;D 不需要;句意:我不需要使用闹钟叫醒我,因为每天早上六点都有一列火车经过我的家旁边。根据句意可知我不需要使用闹钟。故D 正确。考点:考查情态动词词义辨析BmustntDneednt20I _ worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes.Acant【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我没有必要担
25、心我的周末,我总是在周末到来之前做好计划。A.cant 不可能;B.mustnt 禁止;C.darent 不敢;D.neednt 没有必要。由“I always have my plansready before it comes”可知,neednt“没有必要”符合句意。故选 D。BmustntCdarentDneednt21You _ give me a lift.I want to walk home for exercise.Aneednt【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:你不必让我搭车。我想步行回家锻炼身体。A.neednt 不必;B.couldnt 不能;C.cant 不
26、会;D.mustnt 禁止,不允许。根据 I want to walk home forexercise.可知,你不必让我搭车。故选A。考点:考查情态动词BcouldntCcantDmustnt22-I called you last night,but no one answered.-Sorry,I _ sleeping.Amust have doneBwould have beenCmust beDcould be【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:昨晚我给你打电话了,但没人接。对不起,我一定是睡着了。分析可知,前文提及打电话无人应答,后文解释原因:肯定睡着了。情态动词must
27、 可用于must be+v-ing表示“过去肯定在做某事”,符合句意要求。故选C 项。23I _my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.Ashould passChad passed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意为:我本来能够轻松地通过这次考试的,但是我犯了太多愚蠢的错误。结合语境可知,此处考查虚拟语气,且与过去的事实相反,应用could/would/might have done的结构,could have passed本能通过(事实上未通过),故选B 项。【点睛】本题考查情态
28、动词的过去式+have done 的虚拟语气的用法,常见结构有should/shouldnthave done;could/couldnt have done/would/wouldnt have done/need/neednt have done/might have done例如:Without your help,I couldnt have passed the test.如果没有你的帮助,我本不能通过测试。It cleared up,I neednt have brought the umbrella.天放晴了,我本没有必要带伞的。Bcould have passedDmust h
29、ave passed24Every coin has two sides.Beautiful songs,sometimes,_ just be noise to others.Amust【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:任何事物都有两面性。美丽的歌曲,有时候,对别人来说也许是噪音。A.must 一定,表示肯定推测;B.should 应该;C.may 也许,可能;D.would 将会,表示对将来的推测。分析句子可知,此处应该表示可能的推测,“美丽的歌曲,有时候,对别人来说也许是噪音。”。结合选项,故选 C。BshouldCmayDwould25Peter,you delivered
30、 a wonderful speech today.Thanks,but I think I _ more attention to my stage manners during that time.Amust payCmust have paid【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:-彼得,你今天的演讲很精彩。-谢谢,但我认为在那段时间我应该多注意我的舞台礼仪。should have done表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做某事。由“but”可知,我那段时间本应该多注意我的舞台礼仪,而实际上并没有注意。故选D项。Bshould payDshould have pa
31、id26Life _ be very hard for people living in the north of Canada as it is very cold there inwinter.Yes,the weather there _ be as low as 60 below zero.Amust;can【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。根据句意:对于生活在加拿大北方的人来说生活肯定很艰难,因为冬天那儿很冷。是的,那儿的天气可能会达到零下60 度。must 表肯定推测,意为“肯定,一定”,can 表客观上的可能性,意为“可能”。根据语境及选项可知,A 选项正确。故选 A。Bs
32、hall;mustCwill;shouldDhas to;can27Sometimes it seems that doors _ be closed for you,but remember,they are notall locked.Amust【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意:有时候,似乎大门正对你关闭,但请记住并非所有大门都被上了锁。A.must 一定,必须;B.should 应该;C.may 可能,也许;D.need 需要。本句不宜使用绝对化的语气,从sometimes,seems 等提示词可看出应使用较为温和的推测语气,因此 may be(或许,也许)符合语境,而
33、过于绝对的推测,如must be(一定是,肯定是)应予排除。此外 should 和 need 在此并不表示推测,更不符合本句语境。故选C。BshouldCmayDneed28May you live longer,grandpa!Thank you!Its the favorite wish I _.Ashould have waited forCmay have waited forBmust have waited forDcould have waited for【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done形式。句意:爷爷祝您长寿!谢谢,这是我能够等待到的最喜欢的愿望。A.
34、should have waited for本应该等待;B.must have waited for一定在等待;C.may have waited for可能已经等待;D.could have waited for可以已经等待的。表示可以等到的愿望用 could have waited for。故选 D。【点睛】情态动词 have done不仅是高中英语教学的重点和难点,也是高考的重点。情态动词havedone 有两大功能:一是表示推测;二是表示虚拟。must have done 过去一定做了某事,根据must 的本意即可推敲出意思,比较好理解。The lights were out.They
35、 must have been asleep.灯灭了,他们应该睡觉了。should have done 本该做某事却没做,should是应该,重点记忆最后的结果是没做某事。You should have told her that you loved her.你本应该告诉她你爱她。could have done 字面意思是可能已经做了某事,也可用作本能做却没做某事,重点记忆最后的结果是没做。You could have reviewed,but you played games all night.你本可以复习的,但你一晚上都在玩游戏。may have done也许已经做了某事。29What
36、do you think we can do for our aged parents?You _ do anything except to be with them.Adont have to【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:你认为我们能为年迈的父母做些什么?除了和他们在一起,你不必做任何事情。A.dont have to不必;B.oughtnt to不应该;C.mustnt不可以;D.cant不能。根据语境可知,此处表示客观性的必须,dont have toexcept to“除了 不必做”。故选 A。【点睛】have to 表示客观需求时,使用 have to 的情况要
37、比 must 多。have to 受客观条件或环境迫使而“不得不”做某事,突出客观性。Boughtnt toCmustntDcantmust 一般则表示命令或说话人主观认为必须要做某事,含强调语气,侧重主观性。有时候也使用 be+不定式表示需要做某事,但语气较弱一些。如:I am to do it,whether I like it ornot.must 表示客观性的需要时,一般翻译为“总是要(会)”。如:All men must die.人故有一死。ought to 表示必须时,偏责任,推想等。如:You ought to work hard.30You rang me up at about 10:00 last night,didnt you?No,I didnt phone you.It someone else.Amust have been【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:“昨晚 10 点左右你给我打了电话,是吗?”“不,我没给你打电话。一定是别人干的。”must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”,结合语境可知,我没有打电话给你,因此猜测一定有别人给你打了电话。故选 A项。Bcould beCmust beDcould have been
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