2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案合集.pdf
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1、2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案合集目录2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案(1).22020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案(2).102020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案(3).202020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案(4).312020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案(5).412 0 2 0 考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案(1)Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early historyof the United States by applying new social research findings onthe experie
2、nces of European migrants.In hisreinterpretation,migration becomes the organizing principle forrewriting the history of preindustrial North America.Hisapproach rests on four separate propositions.The first of these asserts that residents of early modernEngland moved regularly about their countryside
3、 migrating tothe New World was simply a natural spillover.Although at firstthe colonies held little positive attraction for the English&mdash they would rather have stayed home&mdash by theeighteenth century people increasingly migrated to Americabecause they regarded it as the land of opportunity.S
4、econdly,Bailyn holds that,contrary to the notion that used toflourish in America history textbooks,there was never a typicalNew World community.For example,the economic anddemographic character of early New England towns variedconsiderably.Bailyns third proposition suggest two general patternsprevai
5、ling among the many thousands of migrants:one groupcame as indentured servants,another came to acquire land.Surprisingly,Bailyn suggests that those who recruitedindentured servants were the driving forces of transatlanticmigration.These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine thesocial character of
6、people who came to preindustrial NorthAmerica.At first,thousands of unsk川ed laborers were recruitedby the 1730s,however,American employers demanded skilledartisans.Finally,Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilizedhinterland of the European culture system.He is undoubtedlycorrect to insis
7、t that the colonies were part of anAnglo-American empire.But to divide the empire into Englishcore and colonial periphery,as Bailyn does,devalues theachievements of colonial culture.It is true,as Bailyn claims,thathigh culture in the colonies never matched that in England.Butwhat of seventeenth-cent
8、ury New England,where the settlerscreated effective laws,built a distinguished university,andpublished books?Bailyn might respond that New England wasexceptional.However,the ideas and institutions developed byNew England Puritans had powerful effects on North Americanculture.Although Bailyn goes on
9、to apply his approach to somethousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior tothe revolution,he fails to link their experience with the politicaldevelopment of the United States.Evidence presented in hiswork suggests how we might make such a connection.Theseindentured servants were treated
10、 as slaves for the periodduring which they had sold their time to American employers.It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time theypassed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensuretheir personal independence by acquiring land.Thus,it is in thewest that a peculiarly Ameri
11、can political culture began,amongcolonists who were suspicious of authority and intenselyanti-aristocratic.Which of the following statements about migrants tocolonial North America is supported by information in the text?A A larger percentage of migrants to colonial NorthAmerica came as indentured s
12、ervants than as free agentsinterested in acquiring land.B Migrants who came to the colonies as indenturedservants were more successful at making a livelihood than werefarmers and artisans.C Migrants to colonial North America were moresuccessful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenthcentur
13、y than during the seventeenth century.D By the 1730s,migrants already skilled in a trade werein more demand by American employers than were unskilledlaborers.The author of the text states that Bailyn failed toA give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and politicalinterdependence of the colonies and
14、 England.B describe carefully how migrants of different ethnicbackgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.C take advantage of social research on the experiences ofcolonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically toacquire land.D relate the experience of the migrants to the
15、politicalvalues that eventually shaped the character of the UnitedStates.Which of the following best summarizes the authorsevaluation of Bailyns fourth proposition?A It is totally implausible.B It is partially acceptable.C It is highly admirable.D It is controversial though persuasive.According to t
16、he textzBailyn and the author agree onwhich of the following statements about the culture of colonialNew England?A High culture in New England never equaled the highculture of England.B The cultural achievements of colonial New Englandhave generally been unrecognized by historians.C The colonists im
17、itated the high culture of England,and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.D The southern colonies were greatly influenced by thehigh culture of New England.The author of the text would be most likely to agree withwhich of the following statements about Bailyns work?A Bailyn undere
18、stimates the effects of Puritan thoughton North American culture.B Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence ofthe colonies on Great Britain.C Bailyns desciption of the colonies as part of anAnglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.D Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific
19、groupof migrants to colonial North America.答案与考点解析 答案D 考点解析这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants一词暗示本题的答案信息在第一段或第三段,因为这两段的首句都含有migrants”一词。又根据题干中的supported”一词,我们可以推断出本题的答案信息来源应该在原文的第三段,因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支持(supported)自己的观点。过仔细阅读和理解第三段,尤其是第三段的尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D.考生在解题时一定要有审题定位的能力,更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。答案D 考点解析这是一
20、道细节理解题。题干中的“failed 一词暗示本题的答案信息应该在尾段,因为尾段中含有“fails一词。根据阅读和理解首段尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D.考生在解题时一定要善于理解原文中所传达的中心含义。答案B 考点解析本题是一道归纳推导题。本题题干中的“Bailyns fourth proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。过仔细阅读和理解本段的每一句话,尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B.考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内容,更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。答案A 考点解析这是一道细节推导题。题干中的culture”一
21、词暗示本题的答案信息来源在第四段,因为第四段首句包含“culture 一 词。过仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,尤其是第四句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是A.考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义,以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。答案A 考点解析这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨,以及每段的重要句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句,这是一个由转折词“however”引导的句子。过仔细阅读理解本句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是A.考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语,因为这往往是出题的重点。
22、2 0 2 0 考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案(2)As Gilbert White,Darwin,and others observed long ago,all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase theirnumbers from generation to generation.The task for ecologistsis to untangle the environmental and biological factors thathold this intrinsic capacity for popu
23、lation growth in check overthe long run.The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibitedby different population makes this task more difficult:somepopulations remain roughly constant from year to year othersexhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity still others varywildly,with outbreaks and c
24、rashes that are in some casesplainly correlated with the weather,and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns,one school of thought proposes dividing populations into twogroups.These ecologists posit that the relatively steadypopulations have density-dependent growth
25、parameters thatis,rates of birth,death,and migration which dependstrongly on population density.The highly varying populationshave density-independent growth parameters,with vital ratesbuffeted by environmental events these rates fluctuate in away that is wholly independent of population density.Thi
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