2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案合集.pdf

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1、2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案合集目录2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（1）.22020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（2）.102020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（3）.202020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（4）.312020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（5）.412 0 2 0 考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（1）Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early historyof the United States by applying new social research findings onthe experie

2、nces of European migrants.In hisreinterpretation,migration becomes the organizing principle forrewriting the history of preindustrial North America.Hisapproach rests on four separate propositions.The first of these asserts that residents of early modernEngland moved regularly about their countryside

3、 migrating tothe New World was simply a natural spillover.Although at firstthe colonies held little positive attraction for the English&mdash they would rather have stayed home&mdash by theeighteenth century people increasingly migrated to Americabecause they regarded it as the land of opportunity.S

4、econdly,Bailyn holds that,contrary to the notion that used toflourish in America history textbooks,there was never a typicalNew World community.For example,the economic anddemographic character of early New England towns variedconsiderably.Bailyns third proposition suggest two general patternsprevai

5、ling among the many thousands of migrants:one groupcame as indentured servants,another came to acquire land.Surprisingly,Bailyn suggests that those who recruitedindentured servants were the driving forces of transatlanticmigration.These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine thesocial character of

6、people who came to preindustrial NorthAmerica.At first,thousands of unsk川ed laborers were recruitedby the 1730s,however,American employers demanded skilledartisans.Finally,Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilizedhinterland of the European culture system.He is undoubtedlycorrect to insis

7、t that the colonies were part of anAnglo-American empire.But to divide the empire into Englishcore and colonial periphery,as Bailyn does,devalues theachievements of colonial culture.It is true,as Bailyn claims,thathigh culture in the colonies never matched that in England.Butwhat of seventeenth-cent

8、ury New England,where the settlerscreated effective laws,built a distinguished university,andpublished books?Bailyn might respond that New England wasexceptional.However,the ideas and institutions developed byNew England Puritans had powerful effects on North Americanculture.Although Bailyn goes on

9、to apply his approach to somethousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior tothe revolution,he fails to link their experience with the politicaldevelopment of the United States.Evidence presented in hiswork suggests how we might make such a connection.Theseindentured servants were treated

10、 as slaves for the periodduring which they had sold their time to American employers.It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time theypassed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensuretheir personal independence by acquiring land.Thus,it is in thewest that a peculiarly Ameri

11、can political culture began,amongcolonists who were suspicious of authority and intenselyanti-aristocratic.Which of the following statements about migrants tocolonial North America is supported by information in the text?A A larger percentage of migrants to colonial NorthAmerica came as indentured s

12、ervants than as free agentsinterested in acquiring land.B Migrants who came to the colonies as indenturedservants were more successful at making a livelihood than werefarmers and artisans.C Migrants to colonial North America were moresuccessful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenthcentur

13、y than during the seventeenth century.D By the 1730s,migrants already skilled in a trade werein more demand by American employers than were unskilledlaborers.The author of the text states that Bailyn failed toA give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and politicalinterdependence of the colonies and

14、 England.B describe carefully how migrants of different ethnicbackgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.C take advantage of social research on the experiences ofcolonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically toacquire land.D relate the experience of the migrants to the

15、politicalvalues that eventually shaped the character of the UnitedStates.Which of the following best summarizes the authorsevaluation of Bailyns fourth proposition?A It is totally implausible.B It is partially acceptable.C It is highly admirable.D It is controversial though persuasive.According to t

16、he textzBailyn and the author agree onwhich of the following statements about the culture of colonialNew England?A High culture in New England never equaled the highculture of England.B The cultural achievements of colonial New Englandhave generally been unrecognized by historians.C The colonists im

17、itated the high culture of England,and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.D The southern colonies were greatly influenced by thehigh culture of New England.The author of the text would be most likely to agree withwhich of the following statements about Bailyns work?A Bailyn undere

18、stimates the effects of Puritan thoughton North American culture.B Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence ofthe colonies on Great Britain.C Bailyns desciption of the colonies as part of anAnglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.D Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific

19、groupof migrants to colonial North America.答案与考点解析 答案D 考点解析这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants一词暗示本题的答案信息在第一段或第三段，因为这两段的首句都含有migrants”一词。又根据题干中的supported”一词，我们可以推断出本题的答案信息来源应该在原文的第三段，因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支持(supported)自己的观点。过仔细阅读和理解第三段，尤其是第三段的尾句，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D.考生在解题时一定要有审题定位的能力，更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。答案D 考点解析这是一

20、道细节理解题。题干中的“failed 一词暗示本题的答案信息应该在尾段，因为尾段中含有“fails一词。根据阅读和理解首段尾句，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D.考生在解题时一定要善于理解原文中所传达的中心含义。答案B 考点解析本题是一道归纳推导题。本题题干中的“Bailyns fourth proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。过仔细阅读和理解本段的每一句话，尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B.考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内容，更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。答案A 考点解析这是一道细节推导题。题干中的culture”一

21、词暗示本题的答案信息来源在第四段，因为第四段首句包含“culture 一 词。过仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话，尤其是第四句，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是A.考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义，以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。答案A 考点解析这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下，考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨，以及每段的重要句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句，这是一个由转折词“however”引导的句子。过仔细阅读理解本句，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是A.考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语，因为这往往是出题的重点。

22、2 0 2 0 考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（2）As Gilbert White,Darwin,and others observed long ago,all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase theirnumbers from generation to generation.The task for ecologistsis to untangle the environmental and biological factors thathold this intrinsic capacity for popu

23、lation growth in check overthe long run.The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibitedby different population makes this task more difficult：somepopulations remain roughly constant from year to year othersexhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity still others varywildly,with outbreaks and c

24、rashes that are in some casesplainly correlated with the weather,and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns,one school of thought proposes dividing populations into twogroups.These ecologists posit that the relatively steadypopulations have density-dependent growth

25、parameters thatis,rates of birth,death,and migration which dependstrongly on population density.The highly varying populationshave density-independent growth parameters,with vital ratesbuffeted by environmental events these rates fluctuate in away that is wholly independent of population density.Thi

26、s dichotomy has its uses,but it can cause problems iftaken too literally.For one thing,no population can be drivenentirely by density-independent factors all the time.No matterhow severely or unpredictably birth,death,and migrationrates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages,ifthere were

27、 no density-dependent effects,the populationwould,in the long run,either increase or decrease withoutbound(barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceledexactly)o Put another way,it may be that on average 99percent of all deaths in a population arise fromdensity-independent causes,and only one

28、 percent fromfactors varying with density.The factors making up the onepercent may seem unimportant,and their cause may becorrespondingly hard to determine.Yet,whether recognizedor not,they will usually determine the long-term averagepopulation density.In order to understand the nature of the ecolog

29、istsinvestigation,we may think of the density-dependent effectson growth parameters as the signal ecologists are trying toisolate and interpret,one that tends to make the populationincrease from relatively low values or decrease from relativelyhigh ones,while the density-independent effects act topr

30、oduce noise in the population dynamics.For populations thatremain relatively constant,or that oscillate around repeatedcycles,the signal can be fairly easily characterized and itseffects described,even though the causative biologicalmechanism may remain unknown.For irregularly fluctuatingpopulations

31、,we are likely to have too few observations tohave any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelmingnoise.But it now seems clear that all populations are regulatedby a mixture of density-dependent and density-independenteffects in varying proportions.l.The author of the text is primarily conce

32、rned withA discussing two categories of factors that controlpopulation growth and assessing their relative importance.B describing how growth rates in natural populationsfluctuate over time and explaining why these changes occur.C proposing a hypothesis concerning population size andsuggesting ways

33、to test it.D posing a fundamental question about environmentalfactors in population growth and presenting some currentlyaccepted answer.2.It can be inferred from the text that the author considersthe dichotomy discussed to beA applicable only to erratically fluctuating populations.B instrumental,but

34、 only if its limitations are recognized.C dangerously misleading in most circumstances.D a complete and sufficient way to account for observedphenomena.3.According to the text,all of the following behaviorshave been exhibited by different populations EXCEPTA roughly constant population levels from y

35、ear to year.B regular cycles of increases and decreases in numbers.C erratic increases in numbers correlated with theweather.D unchecked increases in numbers over manygenerations.4.The discussion concerning population in the thirdparagraph serves primarily toA demonstrate the difficulties ecologists

36、 face in studyingdensity-dependent factors limiting population growth.B advocate more rigorous study of density-dependentfactors in population growth.C prove that the death rates of any population are neverentirely density-independent.D underline the importance of even smalldensity-dependent factors

37、 in regulating long-term populationdensities.5.In the text,the author does all of the following EXCEPTA cite the views of other biologists.B define a basic problem that the text addresses.C present conceptual categories used by other biologists.D describe the results of a particular study.考点解析1.答案A

38、考点解析这是一道中心主旨题。本文的中心主旨句在第三段的首句。如果考生能够抓住第三段的首句就等于抓住了整篇文章的论述结构。该句中的dichotomy（两分法）就是正确选项A 中的two categories”。考生在解题时应首先抓住每篇文章的中心主旨句，因为这决定了对全文结构的认识以及对原文整体的把握。2.I 答案B 考点解析这是一道细节推导题。根据题干中的“dichotomy 可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段的首句。如果考生能够正确理解该句中“but一词前后的内容，就可以找出本题的正确选项B.考生在解题时一定要正确理解原文所传达的含义，即进行正确的细节推导。3.I答案D 考点解析这是一道

39、审题定位与中心主旨题。根据本题题干中的different populations”可将本题的答案信息来源确定在首段的第一句，因为该句中的all species实际上指的就是题干中的different populations。从第一段的首句入手并且仔细阅读首段的第二句，就可以找出本题的正确选项D,因为该选项所传达的信息与原文第一段第一、二句所传达的信息不一致。考生在解题时一定要学会迅速审题定位的能力。4.答案D 考点解析本题是一道归纳推导题。题干已明确指出该题的答案信息来源在第三段。第三段主要陈述“density-dependentfactors”的作用，过仔细阅读第三段，尤其是第三段的最后三句

40、话，考生可以得知本文作者在第三段是在强调“density-dependentfactors”的作用。可见D是本题的正确选项。考生在理解原文时一定要注意掌握归纳推导的能力。5.I答案D 考点解析本题是一道写作手法题。这是一道比较难的题目，旨在考察考生的语言功底。本文作者在论述自己的观点时运用了各种写作手段。选项A、B、C中所涉及的内容分别在第一段、第三段和第二段中出现。考生一定要提高对原文各种写作手段的认识。2 0 2 0 考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（3）Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced byscience,but t

41、heir form and function,their dimensions andappearance,were determined bytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,and engineers&mdash using nonscientific modes of thought.Many featuresand qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks aboutcannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal desriptionsthe

42、y aredealt with in the mind by a visual,nonverbal process.In thedevelopment of Western technologyjt has been nonverbalthinking,by and large,that has fixed the outlines and filled in thedetails of our material surroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androckets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics

43、,butbecause they were first a picture in the minds of those whobuilt them.The creative shaping process of a technologists mind canbe seen in nearly every artifact that exists.For example,indesigning a diesel engineza technologist might impressindividual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine byco

44、ntinually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness.What would be the shape of the combustion chamber?Whereshould be valves be placed?Should it have a long or shortpiston?Such questions have a range of answers that aresupplied by experiencezby physical requirements,by limitationsof available

45、 space,and not least by a sense of form.Somedecisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter,may dependon scientific calculations,but the nonscientific component ofdesign remains primary.Design courses,then,should be an essential element inengineering curricula.Nonverbal thinking,a central mechanis

46、min engineering designjnvolves perceptions,the stock-in-trade ofthe artist.not the scientist.Because perceptive processes arenot assumed to entail hard thinking,nonverbal thought issometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development ofcognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematicalthou

47、ght.But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the HistoricAmerican Engineering Record wished to have drawings made ofmachines and isometric views of industrial processes for itshistorical record of American engineering,the only collegestudents with the requisite abilities were not engineeringstud

48、ents,but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design,which in a strongly analyticalengineering curriculum provide the background required forpractical problem-solving,are not provided,we can expect toencounter silly but costly errors occurring in advancedengineering systems.

49、For example.early models of high-speedrailroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable tooperate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into theelectrical system.Absurd random failures that plagueautomatic control systems are not merely trivialaberrationsthey are a reflection of the ch

50、aos that results whendesign is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.l.ln the text,the author is primarily concerned withA identifying the kinds of thinking that are used bytechnologists.B stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking inengineering design.C proposing a new role for nonsc