考研英语历年真题及答案.pdf

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1、Section II:Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labeled A,B,Cand D.Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage.Read thewhole passage before making your choices.(10 points)On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town t

2、o shop in the market.For an hour or 16 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything,buying here andthere,and _ 17 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had.And then,withall the things she needed _ 18 she would leave the market for the streets of the town t

3、o spendanother hour_ 19_ she liked best:looking in furniture shop windows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things,with a notice invitinganyone to walk in and look _ 20_ without feeling they had to buy something.Annie hesitatedfor a moment before stepping through the doo

4、rway where,almost at once,she stopped _ 21 before a green armchair.There was a card on the chair which said:This fine chair is yours22 less than a pound a week,“and very small at the bottom,Cash price eighty-nine poundsfifty.”A pound a week._ 23_,she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping mon

5、ey andnever miss it!A voice at her shoulder made her _ 24.“Can I help you,Madam?”She lookedround at the assistant who had come softly to her _ 25.“Oh,well,no,“she said.41 was just looking.”“Weve chairs of all kinds in the showroom.Ifyoull just come up,you will find something to suit you.”Annie,worri

6、ed at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didnt need,left the shophurriedly.16.A soB moreC elseD another17.AJ taking|B|makingC fixingD keeping18.AJ buyBl boughtC buyingD to have bought19.AJ in a wayB by the wayC in the wayD on the way20.A behindBroundC backD on21.AJ doubtedB wondered

7、CJ puzzledD delighted22.A atB forC withD in23.A Why|B WhenC HowD What24.A jumpB leapC laughD wonder25.A place|B backC sideD frontSection III:Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are fouranswers.Read the passages carefully and choos

8、e the best answer to each of the questions.Putyour choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization.You findthese careers in engineering,in production,in statistical work,and in teaching.But there is anincreasing

9、 demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance,people who perhapsdo not know too much about any one field.There is,in other words,a demand for people whoare capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees,of making general judgments.We can callthese people“generalists.And these

10、“generalists“are particularly needed for positions inadministration,where it is their job to see that other people do the work,where they have to planfor other people,to organize other peoples work,to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field;his concern is with technique and tools.

11、He is a“trained”man;and his educational background is properly technical or professional.The generalist andespecially the administrator deals with people;his concern is with leadership,with planning,and with direction giving.He is an“educated”man;and the humanities are his strongestfoundation.Very r

12、arely is a specialist capable of being an administrator.And very rarely is agood generalist also a good specialist in particular field.Any organization needs both kinds ofpeople,though different organizations need them in different proportions.It is your task to findout,during your training period,i

13、nto which of the two kinds of jobs you fit,and to plan yourcareer accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you-but this is pure accident.Certainly youshould not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold anyjob.At the same time you must not

14、 look upon the first job as the final job;it is primarily atraining job,an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.26.There is an increasing demand for.A all round people in their own fieldsB people whose job is to organize other peoples workC generalists whose educ

15、ational background is either technical or professionalD specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others27.The specialist is.A a man whose job is to train other people|B|a man who has been trained in more than one fieldsC a man who can see the forest rather than the tr

16、eesD a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters28.The administrator is.A a trained“man who is more a specialist than a generalistB a man who sees the trees as well as the forestC a man who is very strong in the humanitiesD a man who is an“educaled“specialist29.During your t

17、raining period,it is i mp o r t a n t.AJ to try to be a generalistBl to choose a profitable jobICJ to find an organization which fits youDI to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist30.A mans first job.A is never the right job for himB should not be regarded as his final jobC s

18、hould not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobDJ is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobTest 2At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and,until recenttimes,unknown to man.It is a great land mass with m

19、ountain ranges whose extent and elevationare still uncertain.Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps.Man has explored,onfoot,less than one per cent of its area.Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions.The Arctic is an ocean,covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in

20、 by the land masses ofEurope,Asia,and North America.The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe andAustralia combined,centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the mostunobstructed water areas of the world the Atlantic,Pacific,and Indian Oceans.The continental ice sheet is more

21、 than two miles high in its centre,thus,the air over the Antarcticis far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions.This cold air current from the land is soforceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable thoseregions whose counterparts at the opposi

22、te end of the globe are inhabited.Thus,more than amillion persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska,Siberia,and Scandinavia-a region rich in forest and mining industries.Apart from a handful ofweather stations,within the same distance of the South Pole

23、 there is not a single tree,industry,orsettlement.31.The best title for this selection would be.A IcelandBJ Land of OpportunityC The Unknown ContinentD Utopia at Last32.At the time this article was written,our knowledge of Antarctica was.A very limitedB vastC fairly richD nonexistent33.Antarctica is

24、 bordered by the.A Pacific OceanB Indian OceanC Atlantic OceanD All three34.The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by.A cold airB calm seasC iceD lack of knowledge about the continent35.According to this ar t i cl e.Al 2,000 people live on the Antarctic ContinentB a million people live within

25、 2,000 miles of the South PoleC weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlements impracticalDJ only a handful of natives inhabit AntarcticaSection VIII:English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese.Only the underlined sentences are

26、 to be translated.(20 points)It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clearidea of what they are going to do afterwards.(71)If one considers the enormous variety ofcourses offered,it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the cour

27、se mostsuited to his interests and abilities.(72)If a student goes to university to acquire a broaderperspective of life,to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself,he will undoubtedlybenefit.(73)Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere,with its time tables and disciplines,to allo

28、w him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.(74)Moststudents would,I believe,profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies,especially those all rounders with no particular interest.They should have longer time todecide in what subject they want to ta

29、ke their degrees,so that in later life,they do not look backand say,“I should like to have been an archaeologist.If I hadn t taken a degree in ModernLanguages,I shouldnt have ended up as an interpreter,but its too late now.I couldnt go backand begin all over again.M(75)There is,of course,another sid

30、e to the question of how to make the best use of ones time atuniversity.(76)This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning.(77)He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice,and spends his three or four yearsbecoming a specialist,emerging with a first-class

31、 Honour Degree and very little knowledge ofwhat the rest of the world is all about.(78)It therefore becomes more and more important that,ifstudents are not to waste their opportunities,there will have to be much more detailedinformation about courses and more advice.Only in this way can we be sure t

32、hat we are not tohave,on the one hand,a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject,and on the other hand,an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for whichthere is little or no demand in the working world.1986年参考答案Section II:Error-detection and Correcti

33、on(10 points)16.A 17.D 18.B 19.|C 20.B21.D 22.B 23.A 24.A 25.CSection III:Reading Comprehension(10 points)26.B 27.D 28.C 29.DJ 30.B31.C 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.CSection VIII:English-Chinese Translation(20 points)71.如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。72.如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识，

34、为了扩大思想境界和学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，进大学对他是有好处的。73.学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分时间对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解。74.我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的“全面发展的学生”，经过一年左翁的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。75.当然，关于一个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间，还有另外一个方面。76.某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。77.他一毕业马上就被一所他自己选中的大学所接受，再花三、四年时间，以优异的成绩取得荣誉学位，成为一名专家，但对外界的一切却几乎一无所知。78.因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大

35、学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II:Reading ComprehensionEach of three passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are fouranswers,read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the question.Put yourchoice in the

36、 ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Text 1For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight.In 400 A.D.Chinese children played witha fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased.Leonardo da Vinciconceive the first mechanical apparatus,called a“Helix,“which could carry man strai

37、ght up,butwas only a design and was never tested.The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strangelooking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top.It rose awkwardly and vertically into theair from a standing start,hovered a few feet above the ground,wen

38、t sideways and backwards,and then settled back to earth.The vehicle was called a helicopter.Imaginations were fired.Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters.People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do theairliners of today.Such fan

39、tastic expectations were not fulfilled.The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine.It excels in military missions,carrying troops,guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go.Corporations usethem as airborne offices,many metropolitan areas use them in police work,const

40、ruction andlogging companies employ them in various advantageous ways,engineers use them for siteselection and surveying,and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore andremote work stations accessible to crews and supplies.Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-toplace is a likely task f

41、or a helicopter.Among their other multitude of used:deliver people acrosstown,lly to and from airports,assist in rescue work,and aid in the search for missing or wantedpersons.11.People expect that.A the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicoptersB helicopters would someday be abl

42、e to transport large number of people from place to placeas airliners are now doingC the imaginations fired by the Russian engineers invention would become a reality in thefuture(DJ their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today12.Helicopters work with the ai

43、d of.A a combination of rotating devices in front and on top|B|a rotating device topsideC one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each endDI a rotating fan underneath for lifting13.What is said about the development of the helicopter?A Helicopters have only been worked on by man

44、 since 1940.BJ Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters.C Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes.DJ Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals.14.How has the use of helicopters developed?AJ They have been widely used

45、for various purposes.B They are taking the place of high-flying jets.C They are used for rescue work.D They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.15.Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?Al For overseas passenger transportation.(BJ For extremely high altit

46、ude flights.C For high-speed transportation.DJ For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.Text 2In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations.The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus,king of the Olym

47、pianGods,eventually lost its local character,became first a national event and then,after the rulesagainst foreign competitors had been abolished,international.No one knows exactly how farback the Olympic Games go,but some official records date from 776 B.C.The games took placein August on the plain

48、 by Mount Olympus.Many thousands of spectators gathered from all partsof Greece,but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator.Slaves,women anddishonored persons were not allowed to compete.The exact sequence of events uncertain,butevents included boys gymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horse racing

49、 and field events,though therewere fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.On the last day of the Games,all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leavesplaced on their heads.So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name tothe year of his victo

50、ry.Although Olympic winners received no prize money,they were,in fact,richly rewarded by their state authorities.How their results compared with modern standards,weunfortunately have no means of telling.After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years,the Games were suspended by the Romansin 394