中考英语专题复习——名词.pdf

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1、中 考 英 语 专 题 复 习 名 词名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：wat e r;me at ;rice ;bre ad;milk;t e a;o rang e（桔汁）；f ruit ;air;s no w;ch alk;wo rk;pape r（纸）；t ime（时间）；mus ic;we at h e r;g ras s ;ne ws ;f o o d;f is h（鱼肉）；co ke ;po rridg e ;cake（可数或不可数）.不可数名词应注意以下几点：1）前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2）表量用约数s o me /any ;

2、much ;a lo t o f 或用o f 短语e g.Th e re is _ _ _ _ bre ad o n t h e t able.C A.a B.o ne C.a pie ce o f D.manyTh e re is s o me o n t h e plat e.B A.apple B.f is h C.milks D.de e r2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：manme n;wo manwo me n;ch ildch ildre npo lice man一po lice me nE ng lis h manE ng lis h me nF re nch manF re

3、 nch me nf o o t f e e t ;t o o t h 一t e e t h mo us e （M.）miceB、规则变化1）s;s h;ch;x 结尾加 e s.读 iz 2）ce;s e;z e;（d）g e 结尾I加 se g.bo x e s b ks iz blo us e s blauz iz 3）f （f e）结尾则变f （f e）为 v 加 e s 读 v z e g.kniv e s naiv z 4）“辅+y”结尾变y为 i 加|es清就清s 5）一般加s j 浊就浊z e g.bo o ks buks pe ns pe nz babie s be ibiz

4、 但注意以下几点：po t at o po t at o e s ;t o mat o t o mat o e s 单复同形：f is h ;s h e e p;de e r;C h ine s e ;J apane s e 由 man,wo man在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数man do ct o r-me n do ct o rs re e f-re e f s“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s 加 后 面.e g.G e rman-G e rmans pe o ple ,po lice 常用单数形式表示复数概念Th e po lice 更岂lo o king f o r

5、bo y.3、名词所有格：名词 s （意 思 是“的”）A.有生命的名词所有格，一 般 在 后 加 s”但注意：1）表 两 者 共 有 则 在 后 者 加 s”Lucy and Lily s f at h e r露西和莉莉的父亲Lucy s and Lily s f at h e rs 露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2）以 s 结尾的词只加“”e g.1）t h e bo y s,bo o ks 2）J ame s f at h e r3）无生命的名词所有格用o f 来引导t h e mis s inge g.t h e le g o f t h e de s k4)双重所有格：a f rie nd

6、 o f my f at h e r*sa f rie nd o f mine (M)a f rie nd o f my(x)练 习一、写出下列词的复数1.bo o k 2.bus 3.o rang e4.baby 5.bo y 6.my7.h is 8.k n i fe 9.wat ch10.s h e e p 11.t o o t h 12.le af _13.G e r m a n 14.C h ine s e 二、选择正确的答案()1.A re t h o s e-N o,t h e y are n?ACACs h e e p;co wss h e e ps ;co w)2.M um,

7、I m quit et wo o rang e B.t wot wo bo t t le s o rang e)3.I h av e g o t _ _ _ iB.D.Th e y res h e e p;co ws h e e ps ;co ws，t h irs t y.P le as e g iv e me .bo t t le s o f o rang e1 D.t wo bo t t le s o f o rang e sne ws f ro m my f rie nd.D o y o u want t o kno w?ACAa v e ry g o o da pie ce o f)4

8、._ _ _ ro o m isLucy and Lilyo nB.anyD.t wo pie ce st h e 5 t h f lo o r.B.Lucy and Lily sC Lucy s and Lily)5.E v e ry mo rningA 20 minut e s walk B.D.Lucy s and Lily*sS mit h t ake s a _ _ _ _ t o h is o f f ice.20 minut e s walkC 20-minut e s walk D.20-minut e walk()6.Th is is J ame s A llan G re

9、e n.We can call h imA.M r.G re e nB.M r.A llanC.M r.J ame sD.J ame s G re e n()7.J ack and To m areA.g o o d f rie ndsB.g o o d f rie ndC.a g o o d f rie ndD.g o o d a f rie nd()8.I t s o nly abo utt e n _ _ _ _ walk t o t h e ne are s t po s t o f f ice.A.minut e s B.minut e s C.minut e s*D.minut e

10、()9.H e o f t e n h as_ _ f o r bre akf as t.A.t wo bre ads B.t wo pie ce o f bre adsC.t wo pie ce s o f bre ad D.t wo pie ce s o f bre ads()10.M rs.G re e n h as t wo _ _ _.Th e y,re v e ry brig h t.A.ch ilds B.ch ild C.ch ildre n s D.ch ildre n()11.Wh at did t h e h e admas t e r s ay abo ut J im

11、s .A.t wo mo nt h s h o liday B.t wo mo nt h s h o lidayC.t wo-mo nt h h o liday D.t wo mo nt h s h o liday s()12.I wo n t g o t h e re wit h y o u,f o r I h av e a lo t o f _ _ _ _ t o do.A.wo rks B.jo b C.wo rk D.wo rking()13.Li Le i is a f rie nd o f _ _.A.I s is t e r B.my s is t e r,sC.me s is

12、t e r D.my s is t e r o f()14.H av e y o u re ad _ _ _ _?A.t o day s B.t o day pape rC.t h e t o day s pape r D.t o day s pape r()15.H o w many _ _ are t h e re in t h e ro o m?A.bo x e s B.bo x C.bo x s D.bo x x e s()16.M any _ _ _ _ h av e be e n built in o ur cit y s ince 19 8 7.A.f act o ry s B.

13、f act o rie sC.f act o ry e s D.f act o ry s()17.Th e re are lo t s o f _ _ _ in t h e bas ke t o n t h e t able .A.t o mat o s B.t o mat o C.t o mat o e s D.t o mat o s s()18.Th e cat caug h t t wo _ _ _ las t nig h t.A.mo us e s B.mice C.mo us e D.mice s()19.J ack we nt t o h av e t wo _ _ _ pulle

14、 d o ut y e s t e rday af t e rno o n.A.t o o t h s B.t o o t h C.t e e t h D.t o o t h e s()20.I n o ur s ch o o l t h e re are f if t y-f iv e _ _.A.wo me n t e ach e rs B.wo man t e ach e rsC.wo me n t e ach e rD.wo man st e ach e r)21.Th e t h re e _ _ _ will be put int o pris o n.A.t h ie f s B

15、.t h ie fC.t h ie v e sD.t h ie f s,练习答案:1.bo o ks 2.bus e s3.o rang e s4.babie s 5.bo y s6.o ur7.t h e ir 8.kniv e s9.wat ch e s10.s h e e p 11.t e e t h12.le av e s13.G e rmans14.C h ine s e二、15 A B C B D6 10 A A C C D11 15 C C B D A16 21 B C B C A C初 中 英 语 复 习 专 辑（2）兄 词1、不定冠词a,ana用在辅音音素开头的词前e g.a

16、 bo o ka us e f ul bo o k a qju:s f ul ju:an用于元音开头的词前.e g.an applean h o ur an F”au8 e f 2、定冠词t h e1）特指某人/某物Th e bo o k o n t h e de s k is mine.2）世上独一无二的事物前t h e s un,t h e mo o n,t h e e art h,t h e s ky3）形、副最高级及序数词前Th e t h ird bo y is t h e t alle s t o f all.（但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用

17、t h e）H e is my f irs t E ng lis h t e ach e r.4）t h e +姓 的 复 数 表 示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。t h e G re e ns格林一家/格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1）在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2）学科名词前3）球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词.表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the)1)He went to school after he had a quick breakfast.2)play the violin/piano练 习()1.There is _ s in _ word“bu

18、s”.A.a;a B.an;the C.a;the D.an;a()2.M aths is _ useful subject.You can t drop it,I think.A.an B.a C.the D./()3._ bad weather it is!A.How B.What a C.How a D.What()4.一What color is _ orange?-It s orange.A.an;an B.an;the C.an;/D./;an()5.M r.L i is _ old worker.A.an B.a C.some D./()6.L ook at _ picture!

19、There s house in it.A.a;a B.the;the C.a;the D.the;a()7.One morning he found handbag.There was s on the corner ofhandbag.A.a;an;the B.a;a;theC.a;a;a D.the;an;a()8.What interesting story it is!A.a B.an C.the D./()9.M eimei is _ best student in her class.A.a B.an C./D.the()10.Tom is _ kind boy.All _ st

20、udents love him.A.a;/B.a;the C.an;/D.an;the()11.Is _ book on the desk mine?Yes.A.the B.a C.an D./()12.Even while he was in _ hospital,he went on writing songs.A.a B.an C.the D./()13.Don t read.A.in bed B.in the bed C.on bed D.on the bed()14.S mith is _ honest man.A.a B.the C.an D./()15.Chin a has po

21、 pu lat io n o f 1,200,000,000.A./B.an C.t he D.a()16.What*s _ f o r 椅.子”?A.En glis h B.an En glis hC.t he En glis h D.an y En glis h()17.Mar y is _ cle v e r e r o f t he t w o gir ls.A.t he B.a C.an D.m u ch()18._ y o u n g m u s t lo o k af t e r _ o ld.A.The ;a B.The ;t he C.A;a D.A;t he()19._ e

22、 ar t h is o n e o f _ plan e t s.A.The ;s u n sC.The ;t he s u n,s()20.To ky o is _.A.t he capit al o f JapanB.The ;t he s u nD.The ;t he s u n s,B.capit al o f JapanC.Japan capit al D.a capit al o f Japan()21.Kat e s o m e t im e s play s _v io lin(小提琴)an d s o m e t im e s play s _t able t e n n

23、isbe f o r e s u ppe r.A./;t he B.t he ;/C.t he ;t he D./;/()22.-Hav e y o u s e e n pe n cil?I le f t it he r e t his m o r n in g.-Is it _ r e d o n e?I s aw it.A.a;t he B.t he ;t he C.t he ;a D.a;a()23.The r e is _ o r an ge t r e e be hin d ho u s e.A.an ;t he B.a;a C.t he ;t he D.an ;/()24.一Ho

24、w lo n g d id y o u s t ay t he r e?-Abo u t half ho u r.A./B.o n e C.aD.an练习题答案：15 DBDCA11-15 ADACD2124 BDAD6-10 DABDB16-20 AABCA初 中 英 语 专 辑（3）代 为（一）指示代词：t his ,t hat ,t he s e ,t ho s e,t his ,t hat 一般与可数名词的单数连用,而不与不可数名词连用（但 t hat 可单独指代不可数名词）。t hat apple （M ）t hat m e at （x）The w e at he r in Sich

25、u an is n o t s o ho t as in Gu an gz ho u.t hat（二）人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1）人称代词：主格、宾 格（作主语为主格，作宾语为宾格；介+宾格）e g.1）1 t han k y o u2）Yo u t han k m e.2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。一变（m y-m in e）;二留（his his it s 一 it s）三 力 口 s（y o u r y o u r s ;o u r o u r s ;he r 一he r s ;t he ir 一t he ir s）用法：有名不名，无名是名e g.This is （

26、我的）bo o k.This bo o k is （我的）.m y ；m in e 3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自单数复数y o u r s e lfy o u r s e lv e sm y s e lfo u r s e lv e shim s e lfhe r s e lft he m s e lv e sit s e lf反身代词的常见搭配：1.e n jo y o n e s e lf 玩得高兴；过得愉快2.hu r t o n e s e lf 伤着自己3.t e ach o n e s e lf =le ar n by o n e s e lf 自学4.(all)by o n e

27、s e lf (完全)独立地5.he lp o n e s e lf t o 请自便；随便吃6.lo o k af t e r o n e s e lf 自理；照顾自己7.le av e o n e by o n e s e lf 把单独留下8.lo s e o n e s e lf i n 陶醉于；沉浸于（三）不定代词1）s o m e 与 an y一般情况下，s o m e用于肯定句，an y用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句中可用s o m e 此类句型常以co u ld ,w o u ld开头）2）m an y +可数 1 =a lo t o f :许多-m u ch+不可数（但

28、a lo t o f不能用于否定句）3）_ f e w ,a f e w ;lit t le ,a lit t le0.The s t o r y is e as y t o r e ad.The r e ar e_ n e w w o r d s in it.f e w .Hu r r y u p!The r e is t im e le f t,lit t le 4）e v e r y o n e /an y o n e 不加 o fn o o n e 不加 o f.n o n e o f J表否定表肯定可数f e w（几乎没有）a f e w（几个；一些）不可lit t le（几乎a l

29、it t le（一点儿数没有）少许）（）_ o f u s w an t s t o r e ad t he bo o k.BA.Ev e r y o n eB.Ev e r y o n eC.N o bo d y D.N o o n e5）o t he r ,an o t he r ,o t he r s单数复数泛指an o t he r三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语o t he r s o m e o t he r s特指o n e*t he o t he r一个另一个t he o t he r s =t heo t he r+复名（另外的人或物）0.We s t u d y _ s u

30、bje ct s be s id e s Chin e s e.May I hav e apple?.The s e cu ps ar e cle an.ar e d ir t y.I hav e t w o pe n s.O n e is r e d ,is blu e.o t he r ;an o t he r ;o t he r s ;t heo t he r s 另外注意:j o n e an o t he r （三者以上的）相互.e ach o t he r j（两者的）相互We s ho u ld le ar n f r o m e ach o t he r （说明 w e 指两个

31、人）The y he lp o n e an o t he r （说 明t he y指三个人以上）6）二者与三者复数单数单数二both(neither(either(任何者都）都不）一个）三all(none(都any（任何一者都）不）个）注意：.both 币定 neither al5 否定 none.both,a l l 不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither,none作主语为单数，但 none of+复名，neither of+复名()1._ of my parents is a teacher.BA.N one B.N either C.Both D.All()2.Ther

32、e are many trees on_side of the river.CA.both B.any C.either D.allevery one/any one of j7)口 each:(二者以上的)每个一一作主、再、定)1 every:(三者以上的)每个-只作京语)._ student in the class likes English._ of the students studied hard.Every;Each练 习()1._office is much smaller than _.A.Ours;yours B.Our;yoursC.Theirs;our()2.Help

33、to some meat.my uncle said to me.A.themselves B.yourself C.yourselves()3.There are twenty teachers in our school.Eight of them are men teachers andare women teachers.A.others B.the others C.another()4.There isn,t paper in the box.Will you go and get _ for me?A.any;some B.any;any C.some;any()5.There

34、are many trees on _ sides of the street.A.both B.all C.each()6._ of them has a dictionary and one of them can look up words in it.A.Each;every B.Every;each C.Every;every()7.When shall we meet,this afternoon or tonight?”I don t mind._ time is OK.A.Either B.Every C.N either()8.Would you like _ cup of

35、tea?A.other B.the other C.another()9.The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forgot.A.other everything B.anything elseC.everything else.()10._ of his parents is a teacher.A.Both B.N either C.N one()11.The river is very dirty._ people go to swim in it.A.Few B.A few C.L ittle()12.A

36、 friend of came to see _ yesterday.A.his;his B.he;him C.his;him()13.You can,t leave your baby by _ at home.A.herself B.himself C.itself()14.M y father is very busy with his work.He has _ time to have a rest.A.little B.a little C.few()15.I have three skirts.One is red._ two are black.A.another B.the

37、other C.the others()16.Jack has _ friends here.S o he often feels lonely.A.a little B.a few C.few()17.Who teaches _ French?A.we B.our C.us()18.The boys were all tired,but _ of them stopped to have a rest.A.any B.some C.none()19.S orry,I can,t answer your question.I know _ about the news.A.a little B

38、.little C.few()20.Hello,Bill!Help _ to a cake.Thanks.A.your B.yourself C.yourselves四、数词数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词，表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。1.基数词（1000以内的基数词的读法）365 three hundred and sixty-five505-five hundred and five2.基数词变序数词的方法：基变序，有规律；词尾要加th。一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tddo八去t,九去e;ve则以f 替。t y 则 变 作 ti;后面还有一个e。要是遇到几十几；只将个位变

39、成序。eg.one一first two-second three一thirdeight eighth nine ninth twelve twelfthtwenty一twentiethtwenty-one-twenty-first3.数词的应用：A、时刻表达法：a.整点：基 数 词+o clockeg.It s eight o clock now.b.几点几分：1.直接表达法：先小时后分eg.3:25 three twenty-five2.间接表达法：先分后小时1）（30分钟）用 past:分钟past小时eg.3:25 twenty-five（minutes）past three2）（30分

40、钟）用 to:（60-分钟数）to（小时数+1）eg.3:35 twenty-five（minutes）to four3）30 分钟 二 half 15 分 钟=a quartereg.3:30 three thirty=half past three3:15 three fifteen=a quarter past three.3:45 three forty-five=a quarter to fourB、日期表达法：月日，年（或日月年）1949年 10月 1 日：Octoberlst,nineteen forty-nine二 the first of October,nineteen f

41、orty-nine2000 年：the year two thousand=twenty hundred2 0 0 1 年：t went y o one3 月 1 日：M arch t he first =t he first of M archC、表编号：第 2 0 7 房间：R oom 2 0 7第五课：L esson 5 =t he fift h lessonD、序数词与不定冠词(a;an)连 用 表“又一；再一”eg.Y ou v e done it t hree t imes.W hy not t ry a fou rt h t ime?E、分数的表达：分子(基数)、分 母(序数)e

42、g.one t hird 三分之一 t wo t hirds 三分之二注意：1.分子超过1 时，分母加s2 .含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语eg.l)0 ne t hird of t he st u dent s are girls.2)O ne t hird of t he milk is mine.3 ,分数的特殊形式l)one t hird=a t hird2)one fou rt h=a qu art ert hree fou rt hs=t hree qu art ers3)one second=a halfF、一些数词的复数+of表约数：hu ndreds of;t hou

43、 sands of;millions of练 习()1.I f you go ou t at night,you 1 1 be able t o see _ _ _ _ st art s.A.t hou sands of B.t hou sand ofC.nine t hou sands of D.t hou sands()2.M onday is _ _ _ day of t he week.A.firstB.t he firstC.the secondD.second()3.You ve done it twice.W hy not try _ time?A.third B.the thi

44、rd C.a third D.once()4.Which is the_ month?It s September.A.nine B.nineth C.ninth D.ninety()5.December is _ of the year.A.the twelfth months B.the twelfth monthC.the twelveth months D.twelve months()6.There are _ floors in the building and he lives on the floor.A.eighteen,fifteenB.eighteenth,fifteen

45、thC.eighteen,fiveteen D.eighteen,fifteenth()7.I was bornA.on June 2rdC.on June two1982.B.in June 2ndD.on June 2()8.It s _ from our home to the zoo.A.two and a half hours walkB.a half and two hours walkC.two hours and a half hour s walkD.two and a half hour s walk()9.What time is it now?It s _ to six

46、.A.quarter B.a quarter C.quarto C.a quarto()10.Will you be back in _?A.one or two minutes B.one minute or twoC.two minutes or one D.two or one minute()11.Mary,s uncle went to France _.A.in his thirties B.on his thirtiesC.at his thirties D.about his thirties()12.The headmaster wrote a _ report.A.two

47、thousand words B.two-thousand-wordsC.two-thousand words D.two-thousand-word()13._of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.A.Two-third B.Second-thirdC.T wo-t hirds D.S econd-t hirds()1 4.W e hav e learned abou t t hese days.A.sev eral hu ndreds E nglish wordsB.hu ndreds of E nglish wordsC.h

48、u ndred of E nglish wordsD.sev eral hu ndred E nglish word()1 5.A U N report says t hat t he word popu lat ion will pass six billion by t he end of_ _ _ _ cent u ry.A.t went iet h B.t went yC.t he t went iet h D.t he t went yt h五、介词1.in;on;at 用在时间词前，表“在D at +具体时刻2)on+具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词

49、时)3)in+年、月、季节及一天中的某部分但注意：at night=in t he night at noonat t his/t hat t ime at C hrist maseg.1._ _ _ t he morning 2.M onday morning3.a rainy ev ening 4.3:5 0 5.2 0 0 26._ _ _ t he morning of A pril 1 0 7._ _ _ spring8._ _ night 9._ _ _ _ t his t ime 1 0._ _ _ M arch另外注意：在时间词(morning,aft ernoon,ev en

50、ing;S u nday,)前有 last,nex t ,t his,t hat 时,不再用介词.t omorrow,t onight 前也不用介词。eg.I will go(A)t o t ho cinoma(B)ic(C)t his ev ening.2.in,on,at 表地点：at 一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面。例如：eg.l)H e arriv ed _ _ _ S hanghai yest erday.2)T hey arriv ed a small v illage before dark.3)T here is a big hol