2022年考研英语二真题解析估分.pdf

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1、2022年考研英语二真题解析估分（完整版）完形填空下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。根据以下材料，回答1-20题Harlan Coben believes that if youre a writer,youll find the time;and that if youll cant find the time,then writing isnt a priorityand youre not a writer.For him writing is _ ljob-a job like any other.He has_ 2_ it withpl

2、umbing.Pointing out that plumber doesnt wake up and saythat he cant woer with pipes today._3 like most writers these days,youre holding down a job topay the bills,its not_ 4_ to find thetime to write.But its not impossible.It require determination andSingle-mindednesSo5_ that most bestselling author

3、s began writing who are fairly_ 6often have to do other work to_ 7 _ their writing income.As Halan Coben has suggested,its a_ 8 _of priorities.To makewriting a priority,youll hace to_ _ 9 _some of your day-to-dayactivities and some thing you really enjoy.Depengding on your_10_and deyouer lifestyle.t

4、hat might mean spending less timewatching television pr listening to music,though some peoplecan write_ 11_ they listen to music.You might have to_12_theamountof exercise orsport you do.Youll have to make social media an_13_ activity rather than a daily,time-consuming_ 14.Therellprobably hate to be

5、less socializing with your friends an lesstime with youerfamilyo itsa 15,learning curve,and It wontalways make you popular.Theres just one thing you should try to keep at least sometimefor,_ 16 your writing and thats reading.Any write needs to readas made and as widelyas they can,its the one_ 17_ su

6、pportersomething you cant do without.Time is finite,the older you get,the.18 it seems to go.We needto use it so carefully and as_19_as we can,that means prioritizingout activities so that we spend most time on the things wereallywant to do.If youre a writer,that means _20_ writing.1第1题答案信A.difficult

7、B.normalC.steadyD.pleasant 答案B2.第2题答案是A.combinedB.comparedC.confusedD.confranted 答案B3.第3题答案是A.IfB.ThroughC.OnceD.Unless 答案B4.第4题答案是一A.enoughB.stangeC.wrongD.easy 答案D5.第5题答案是一A.AcceptB.ExplainC.RememberD.Supposel 答案C6.第6题答案是A.wellknownB.well-advisedC.well-informedD.well-chosen 答案A7.第7题答案是A.donateB.ge

8、nerateC.supplement0.calculate 答案C8.第8题答案是一A.causeB.purposeC.question0.condition 答案C9.第9题答案是A.highlightB.sacrificeC.continue0.explore 答案B10.第10题答案是一A.relationsB.interestsC.memoriesD.slills 答案B1L第11题答案是A.untilB.becauseC.whileD.before 答案C12.第12题答案是一A.put up withB.make up forC.hang ontoD.cut down on 答案D

9、13.第13题答案是一A.itelligantB.occasionalC.intensiveD.emotional 答案B14第14题答案是A.habitB.bestC.decisionD.plan 答案A15.第15题答案是一A.toughB.gentleC.rapidD.funny 答案A16第16题答案是A.暂缺B.in charge ofC.in response toD.in addition to 答案D17第17题答案是A.indispensableB.innovativeC.invisibleD.instant 答案A18.第18题答案是一A.dollerB.harderC.q

10、uieter0.quicker 答案B19第19题答案是A.peacefullyB.generouslyC.produtivelyD.gatafilly 答案C20第20题答案是A.at mostB.in turnC.on averageD.above all 答案D阅读理解Part A下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。根据以下材料，回答21-25题We have all encountered them,in both our personal andprofessional lives Think about the times you fe

11、lt tricked orfrustrated by a membership oribscription that had a seamlessign-up process but was later dificult to cancel Something thatshould be simple and transparent can be complicated,intentionallyor umintentionally.In ways that impair consumerchoice,hese are examp-k.patterns.First coined in2010

12、by userexperience expert Harry Brigmull,dark.patterns is a cach-ll termfor practices that manipulate user interfaces to infuencethedecision making ability of users.Brignull identifis 12 types of common darkatterms.ranging frommisdirection and hidden costs to roach motel.where alserexperience seems e

13、asy and intuitive at the start,but turns difficultwhen theuser tries to get outln a 2019 study of 53,000 productpages and 11,000 websites,researchers found that about one in10 employs these design practices.Though widely prevalent,theconcept of dark ptterns is stilnot well understood.Business and no

14、nprofit leaders should beaware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areastheyengender Where is the linebetween ethical,persuasive design and darkpatterms?Businesses should engage In conversations with I,compliance,risk,and legalteams to reviewr their privacy policy,and include in the discussio

15、n the customer/user experiencedesigners and coders responsible for the companys userinterface,as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible forsign-ups.checkout baskets,pricing,and promotions.Any or all these teams can play a rolein creating or avoidingdigitaldeceptionL awmakers and regulator

16、s are slowly starting toaddress theambiguity around dark patterns most recently at the state levelIn March,the Califormia a mountneed the approval of additionalregulations under thnen seeking to exercise their data privacyrights.There gulations aim to ban dark patterns-this meansprohblting companies

17、 fomusing confusing language orunnecessary steps such as forcing them to clickthrough multiplescreens or listen to reasons why they shouldnt opt out As morestates consider promulgating additional regulations,there is aneedfor greater acountability from within the businesscommunity.Dark patterns also

18、be addressed on a self-regulatorybasis,butsonly if organizations hold themselves accountable,not just to legal requirements,but also to industry best practicesand standard21.I t can be learned from the first two paragraphs tat darkpatternsA.improve user expererllB.l eak user information for profitC.

19、undermine users decision-makingD.remind users of hidden costs 答 案 C22.The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to showA.their major flawsB.their complex designsC.their severe damageD.their strong presence 答案D23.To handle digital deception,businesses shouldA.listen to customer feedbackB.talk with

20、 relevant teamsC.turm to independent agenciesD.rely on professional training 答案B24.The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended toA.guide users through opt-out processesB.protect consumers from being trickedC.grant companies data privacy rights0.restrict access to problematic content 答案B25

21、.According to the last paragraph,a key to coping with darkpatterns is.A.new legal requirementsB.businesses self-disciplineC.strict regulatory standards0.consumers safety awareness 答案B根据以下材料，回答26-30题With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by2050,and forecasts.That agri-cultura

22、l production in some regions will need to nearlydouble to keep pace,food security is increasingly makingheadlines,in the UK,it has become a big talking point recentlytoo,for rather particular reason:Brexit.Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recenttrend towards the UK importing foo

23、d The country produces onlyabout 60 percent of the food it eats,down from almostthree-quarters in the late 1980s A move back to self-sufficiency,the argument goes,would boost the farming industry,politicalsovereignty and even the nations health.Sounds great-but how feasible is this vision?According

24、to a report on UK food production from the Universityof Leeds,UK,85 percent of the countrys total land area isassociated with meat and dairy production.That supplies 80percent of what is consumed,so even covering the wholecountry in livestock farms wouldnt allow us to cover all our meatand dairy nee

25、ds.There are many caveats to those figures,but they are still grave.To become much more self-sufficient,the UK would need todrastically reduce its consumption of animal foods,and probablyalso farm more intensively meaning fewer green fields and morefactory-style production.But switching to a mainly

26、plant-based diet wouldnt help.There isa good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry:most of its terrain doesnt have the right soil or climate to growcrops on commercial basis.Just 25 per cent of the countrys land is suitable forcrop-growing,most of which is already occupied by arable fie

27、lds.Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit andveg-which would involve taking out all the nature reserves andremoving thousands of people from their homes-we wouldachieve only a 30 percent boost in crop production.Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UKa

28、re currently home-grown.So even with the most extrememeasures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produceneeds.That is before we lookfor the space to grow the grains,sugars,seeds and oils thatprovideus with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.26.The survey conducted byHarris Poll ind

29、icates thatA.over half of the retirees are physically fit for workB.the old workforce isas active as the younger oneC.one in three Americans enjoyearlier retirementD.more Americans are willing to work in retirement 答案D27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tendtothink thatA.retirement

30、 may cause problems for themB.boredom can berelieved after retirementC.the mental health of retireesis overlookedD.暂缺 答 案A28.Retirement patterns are changing partly due toA.labor shortagesB.population growthC.longer life expectancyD.rising living costs 答案c29.Many tetires are increasing in swines byA

31、.Investing more in stocksB.taking up odd jobsC.getting well-paid word0.spending less 答案D30.With regard to retirement,Brent Weiss thinls that manypeople areA.umpreparedB.UnafraidC.disappointed0.enthusiastic 答 案A根据以下材料，回答31-35题。On a recent sunny dayl3.000 chickens roam over Larry Browns40 windswept ac

32、res in ShinerTexas.Some rest in the shade of aparked car Others drink water with the cows.This all seemsrandom,but its by design,part of what the$6.1 billion US.eggindustry bets will be its next big thing:climate-friendlyeggs.These eggs,which are making their debut now on shelvesfor as much asS8adoz

33、en,are still labeled organic and animalfriendly,but theyre also from birds that live on farms usingregenerative agriculture-special techniques to cultivate rich soilsthat can trap green house gases.Such eggs could be marketedas helping to fight climate change.Im excited about ourprogress says Brown,

34、who is adding morecover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat.The birds waste then fertilizes fields.Such improvements allowour hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will begood for the land,the hens,and the eggs that we supply to ourcustomers.The egg industrys pus

35、h is the first major test ofwhether animal products from regenerative farms can becomethe next premium offering.in barely more than a decade,organiceggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in naturalfoods stores to being sold at Walmart.More recently there weresimilar doubts about probiotic

36、s and plant-based meats,but bothhave exploded into major supermarket categories.If thesustainable-egg rollout is successful,it could open the floodgates for regenerativebeef,broccoli,and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell because the conceptis tough to define quickly,says Julie Stanto

37、n,associateprofessorof agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State UniversityBrandywine.Such farming also brings minimal,ifany,improvement to the food products(though some producerssay their eggs have more protein).The industry is betting that thesame consumers paying more for premium attributes su

38、ch asfree-range,non-GMO,and pasture-raised eggswill embracesustainability.Surveys show that younger generations are moreconcerned about climate change,and some of the success ofplant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting tosignal their desire to protect environment.Young adults reallycare

39、 about the plan says John Brunnquell,president of EggInnovationsare absolutely altering the food chain beyond what Ithink even they understand what theyre doing.The industry isbetting that the same consur ners paying more for premiumattributes such as free-ra non-GMO,and pasture-raised eggs willembr

40、ance sustainability.Surveys show that younger generationsmore concerned about climate change,and some ot success ofplant-based meat can be chalked ushoppers wanting to signaltheir desire to protect environment Yong adults realey Careabout the pla says.John Brunnquell,pesidnt ofEggInnovationsare abso

41、lutely altering the food chain beyond what Ithink even thev understand what thevre doina.31.the climate-friendly eggs are productedA.at a considerably low costB.at the demand of regular shoppersC.as a replacement for organic eggsD.on specially designed forms 答案C32.larry Brown is excited about his pr

42、ogress inA.reducting the damage ofB.accelaratiny the disposal of uestC.creatiny a sustainable system0.attractive customers to his products 答案C33.the example of organic eggs is used in the paragragh if tosuggestA.the doubts to over natural feedsB.the set breaks in the eggs industryC.the potential of

43、regenerative productsD.the promotional success of super markets 答 案C34.It can be learned from paragragh that young peopleA.are reluctant to change their dietB.are likely to buy climate friendly eggsC.are curious about new foodD.are amazed at agruculoure advornces 答 案B35.John Brungvell would disagree

44、 with Julie Stantonoveregenerative productsA.markets prospectsB.standard definitionC.market prospectD.moricl implication 答 案A根据以下材料，回答36-40题Although ethics classes are common around the world,scientistsare unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior,evidence either way isweak,relying on con

45、trived laboratory tests or sometimesunreliable self-reports.But a new study published in Cognitionfound that,in at least one real-world situation a singlethicslesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class sessions impact on eatingmeat.They chose this particular behavior

46、for three reasons:according to study co-author EncSchwitgebel,a philosopher atthe University of Califomnia Riverside:student sattitudes on thetopic are variable and unstable;behavior is easilymeasurable,andethics literature largely agrees that eating lessmeat is good becauseit reduce senvironmental

47、harm and animalsuffering.Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read anarticle on the ethics of factory-farmed meat,optinally watchedan 11-minute videoon the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion.The other halffocused on charitable giving instead.Then unknown to thestudents.there se

48、archersstudied their anonymized meal cardpurchases for that semestermearly 14.000 receipts for almost500 students Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention wouldhave no effect;he had previously found that ethics professorsdo not dffer fom other professors on arange of behaviors,including voting rates,

49、blood donation and returninglibrarybooks.But among student subjects who discussed meatethics,meal purchase scontaining meat decreased from 52 to 45percent-and this efiet held steady for the studys duration ofseveral weeks.Purchasesfom the other group remained at 52percent.That,sactually a pretty lar

50、ge effect for a pretty smallinterventionSchwizgebel says.Psychologist Nina Strohminger at theUniversity of Pennsylvania,who was not involved in thestudy,says she wants the effect to be cannot rule out someunknown confounding variable.And if real shenotes,it might bereversible by another mudge:Easy c