2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点6--主旨要义之文章标题--练高考--心中有数（学生版）.pdf

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1、2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点6-主旨要义之文章标题一练高考-心中有数1.2022年全国甲卷之C篇Goffins cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to have similarshape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.Though not known to use tools in the wild,the birds haveproved skilful at tool use while kept in the

2、cage.In a recent experiment,cockatoos were presented with a box with anut inside it.The clear front of the box had a“keyhole”in a geometric shape,and the birds were given fivedifferently shaped keys to choose from.Inserting the correct key”would let out the nut.In humans,babies can put a round shape

3、 in a round hole from around one year of age,but it will be another yearbefore they are able to do the same with less symmetrical（对称的）shapes.This ability to recognize that a shape willneed to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an allocentric frame of reference.In theexper

4、iment,Goffins cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job,in most cases,by visual recognitionalone.Where trial-and-error was used,the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.This indicates thatGoffins cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving o

5、bjects in space,similar totwo-year-old babies.The next step,according to the researchers,is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visualclues（线索）,or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.24.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?A.B

6、y following instructions.C.By turning the box around.B.By using a tool.D.By removing the lid.25.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?A.Using a key to unlock a door.C.Putting a ball into a round hole.B.Telling parrots from other birds.D.Grouping toys of differ

7、ent shapes.26.What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?A.How far they are able to see.C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys.27.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.Cockatoos:Quick Error CheckersC.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-ReadersB.How they track moving objects.D.Wheth

8、er they use a sense of touch in the test.B.Cockatoos:Independent LearnersD.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters2.2022年全国乙卷之C篇Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at the same time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the very likel

9、y future of applying todays eyes in thesky technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thingto in

10、spect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks andswitching points.The more regularly they can be inspected,the more railway safety,reliability and on-timeperformance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more e

11、fficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It iscalculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance,includingsending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repa

12、ir the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous workthat could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,detectingfaults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.T

13、o perform these tasks,drones for rail dontneed to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail drones of the future.They will bemoving on the track ahead of the train,and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advancedsensors and AI and travelling ahead of th

14、e train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead,theycould signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones ability to work at high

15、 altitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Drones*reliable perfbnnance in remote areas.29.What does“maintenance“underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.30.What function is expected of the rail drones?D.Construction of infra

16、structure.A.To provide early warning.B.To make trains run automatically.C To earn profits for the crews.31.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected w汕 DronesD.To accelerate transportation.B.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development

17、 Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways3.2022年 1月浙江卷之C 篇The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but theres a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely todevelop

18、dementia in later life,and as they did,it came on a decade later than less sporty women.Lead researcher Dr.Helena Horder,of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden,said:These findings areexciting because its possible that improving peoples cardiovascular（心血管）fitness in middle age could delayor even p

19、revent them from developing dementia.uFor the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted tomeasure their peak（最大值的）cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness

20、 level,or 120 watts or higher.A total of 92 women were inthe medium fitness category;and 59 women were in the low fitness category,defined as a peak workload of 80 wattsor less,or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure,chest pain or other cardiovascularproblems.These wome

21、n were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During that time,44 ofthe women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia,compared to 25 percentof the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.However,this study

22、does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia,it onlyshows an association.More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk ofdementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.She also adm

23、itted that arelatively small number of women were studied,all of whom were form Sweden,so the results might not beapplicable to other groups.7.What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?A.Positive effects of doing exercises.B.Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.C.Experiment

24、al studies on diseases.D.Advantages of sporty woman over man8.Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?A.To predict their maximum heart rate.B.To assess their cardiovascular capacityC.To change their habits of working outD.To detect their potential health problems9.What do we kno

25、w about Dr Horders study?A.It aimed to find a cure for dementia.B.Data collection was a lengthy process.C.Some participants withdrew from it.D.The results were far from satisfactory.10.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent DementiaB.Middle-Aged

26、Women Need to Do More ExerciseC.Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop DementiaD.Biking Improves Womens Cardiovascular Fitness4.2021年新高考I 卷之C 篇When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with anastonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans ha

27、d taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate_a large part ofthese resources.Millions of waterfowl（水 禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful ofoverly ambitious sportsmen.Mill

28、ions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasingpopulations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act（Act）,an increasingly concerned nationtook firm action to stop the destruction of migratory（迁徙的）waterfowl and the w

29、etlands so vital to theirsurvival.Under this Act,all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry aFederal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N.Ding Darling,a politicalcartoonist from Des Moines,Iowa,who at that time was appointed by Preside

30、nt Franklin Roosevelt as Director ofthe Bureau of Biological Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our naturalresources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund topurchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for incl

31、usion into the National Wildlife Refuge System a fact thatensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934,better than half a billiondollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal DuckStamp Program ha

32、s been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.28.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?A.Loss of wetlands.B.Popularity of water sports.C.Pollution of rivers.D.Arrival of other wild animals.29.What does the underlined word 4tdecimate mea

33、n in the first paragraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.30.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A.The stamp price has gone down.B.The migratory birds have flown away.C.The hunters have stopped hunting.D.The government has collected money.31.Which of the following is a suitabl

34、e title for the text?A.The Federal Duck Stamp Story B.The National Wildlife Refuge SystemC.The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting5.2021年全国甲卷之D 篇Who is a genius?This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly:Einstein was a genius.His

35、face is almost the international symbol for genius.But we want togo beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.Why is it that some people are so much more intelligentor creative than the rest of us?And who are they?In the sciences and arts,those praised as geniuses were most often white

36、men,of European origin.Perhaps thisis not a surprise.Ifs said that history is written by the victors,and those victors set the standards for admission to thegenius club.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women,or people of a different color orbelief-they were unacknowledged an

37、d rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six,girls are less likely than boys to say thatmembers of their gender（性别）are“really,really smart.,Even worse,the study found that girls act on that belief:Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be f

38、or children who are“really,really smart.”Can our planetafford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up?It doesnt take a genius to know the answer:absolutely not.Heres the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication,were all positioned to see flashesof genius wherev

39、er they appear.And the more we look,the more we will see that social factors（因素）1 ike gender,race,and class do not determine the appearance of genius.As a writer says,future geniuses come from those withintelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,and simple good fortune,who are able to change the world

40、.”12.What does the author think of victors standards fbr joining the genius club?A.Theyre unfair.B.TheyYe conservative.C.Theyre objective.D.TheyYe strict.13.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A.They think themselves smart.B.They look up to great thinkers.C They see gender differ

41、ences earlier than boys.D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs14.Why are more geniuses known to the public?A.Improved global communication.B.Less discrimination against women.C.Acceptance of victors*concepts.D.Changes in peoples social positions.15.What is the best title for the text?A

42、.Geniuses Think Alike B.Genius Takes Many FormsC.Genius and Intelligence D.Genius and Luck6.2021年全国乙卷之C 篇Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter oceanecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference?Artist Benjamin Vo

43、n Wongwants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,forcing viewers to re-examinetheir relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year,the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,“a pair of 10-fdot-tall plasticwaves,frozen mid-crash.Ma

44、de of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups,thesculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam.Just 9%of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plasticpollution,but

45、 theyve recently come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and,because oftheir small size and weight,they cannot be recycled.Every straw thats part of Vbn Wongs artwork likely camefrom a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone,the straw will take

46、centuries todisappear.In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明）a specific statistic:Every 60 seconds,atruckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean.For this work,titled Truckload of Plastic,Von Wong and a groupof volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic,which were then tie

47、d together to look like theyd beendumped（倾倒）from a truck all at once.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.28.What are Von Wongs artworks intended for?A.Beautifying the city he lives in.B.Introducing eco-friendly products.C.Drawing publi

48、c attention to plastic waste.D.Reducing garbage on the beach.29.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A.To show the difficulty of their recycling.B.To explain why they are useful.C.To voice his views on modern art.D.To find a substitute for them.30.What efFect would Truckload of

49、Plastic have on viewers?A.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Artists,Opinions on Plastic SafetyB.Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC.Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures7.2021年

50、新高考II卷之C 篇A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the Worlds Best Teacher will use the cash tobring inspirational figures into UK schools.Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher,said she wanted to bring about a classroomrevolution（变革）.“We are going to make a c