人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识点详解.doc

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1、 必修1 Unit2Part 1. Warming up 1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? 你知道有不止一种英语吗？more than 的用法（1）more than 用在数字前，意为“比.多；超过.”，more than one 意为“不止一个”（含义为复数，但谓语动词用单数）。More than one question was raised at the meeting.不止一个问题在会上被提出。（2）more than 用在名词前，表示程度或加强语气，意为“不仅仅，不只是”，相当于not only.H

2、e is more than a friend to me . He is my English teacher.他不仅仅是我的朋友，他还是我的英语老师。（3）more than 分开用在比较状语从句中时，意为“比.更.；与其.倒不如.”（肯定定前面的内容，否定后面的内容）He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。The book seems to be more a picture book than a storybook. 这本书与其说是故事书倒不如说是图画书。（4）more than +adj.很.非常. Im more than glad to help y

3、ou. 我非常乐意帮助你。知识拓展 （1）more .than.的用法：more+adj./n.+than.为一个表示比较级的结构，意为“比。”The problem is more complicated than we expected.这个问题比我们预料中要复杂得多。Youve actually given me more help than I need. 你其实没有必要给我那么多帮助。（2）not more than意为 至多，不超过，它相当于at （the）most.Hes only a child of not more than 10. 他仅仅是个不到10岁的孩子。（3）no

4、more .than .的用法no more than 后面常接数词，表示数量少，相当于only, 意为“仅仅，只有”To my surprise, no more than 5 members shared my idea.令我吃惊的是，只有5个成员同意我的观点。no more .than .意为“和.一样都不.”，表示对前后两方面都否定。Dont ask him about it. He knows no more than you.别问他这件事了。他和你一样对此一无所知例 China Daily is _a newspaper. It helps improve our English.

5、A.no more than B.no less tan C.more than D.not more than 2、Which country do you think has the most English learners?Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1、At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.在16世纪末，大约有五百万到七百万人说英语。 辨析 at the end of , by the end o

6、f, in the end at the end of.（1）在.的末端，到.的尽头（表示场所）At the end of the road, youll find the factory easily.在这条路的尽头你会很容易地找到那家工厂。（2）在.结束时，在.末（表示时间）I came across an old friend I hadnt seen for ages at the end of last month.上月底我偶然遇到了一位多年不见的老朋友。 by the end of +将来某一时间，作时间状语，句子用将来完成时 eg. I will have finished re

7、ading the book by the end of next month. +过去某一时间，作时间状语，句子用过去完成时例3 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _in Beijing.A.would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed in the end 最后，终于，独立作状语，句子用一般过去时。2. Later in the next century, people from England made voy

8、ages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that,English began to be spoken in many other countries. because of, owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to都有“由于，因为”的意思，都是介词短语，因此后面不可接从句。其中due to一般不置于句首。thanks to可以表达正面意思，“幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中（近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”）。 用because，because of填空He was late _the he

9、avy rain.（2）He was late _it rained heavily.3. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相理解。even if/though 即使，尽管，用来引导让步状语从句。Even if I didnt know anybody at the party,I had a good time.尽管在聚会上我谁也不认识，但仍然玩得很开心。Even thoug

10、h he has nothing else to do，he wont come to the concert. 即使他没事做，也不会去听音乐会。【注意】（1）若主句和从句皆表示将来的情况，则 even if 从句可用一般现在时代替将来时。 Weve decided to visit the museum even if/even though it rains tomorrow.（2）even if 从句的内容不肯定；而even though 从句的内容则是事实。He will not let out the secret even if he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密，他也不会

11、说出来。（他是否知道秘密不确定）He will not let out the secret even though he knows it.他虽然知道这个秘密，却不肯说出来。（他知道这个秘密）例The engineers are so busy that they have no time for outdoor sports activities， _they have the interest.A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if 4. Id like to come up to your apartment. come up意为：走近；

12、上来；提出；露出地面，发芽；发生 The sun has come up. 太阳升起来了。 The farmers will come up to Beijing. 那些农民要去北京。 The seeds havent come up yet. 种子尚未发芽。 The question hasnt come up yet. 问题尚未被提出。 归纳总结come about发生 come over 顺便来访come on赶快，快点；加油come out 出来，出版come down 下来，传承come across偶遇，碰到come true成为现实come up with想出，提出come at

13、 向.扑来，攻击come from 来自例They_a new proposal for pushing sales (促销)。A.come up to B.come up with C.come over D.come around例 用come 构成的词组填空（1）The hunter walked through the forest when suddenly a bear_him.（2）The magazine _once a month.（3）I wish you can _to England on your holiday.（4）He has_new ways of savin

14、g energy.（5）They _an old friend in the street this morning.5、It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而不是我们现在所讲的英语。base.on.把.建立在.上；be based on .根据.,以.为基础。注意：在base.on.短语中，base 用作及物动词，主动语态中，base 后通常有宾语，否则base 应以被动的形式出现。The story is based on/upon the fact.故事是以事实为

15、基础的。present n.礼物；adj.在场的，目前的；vt.赠送The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母送给我的生日礼物。I am afraid I cant help you at present.恐怕现在我没办法帮助你。Were you present when the decision was announced?宣布那项决定时你在场？In the present case,I advise you to wait.按照目前的情况看，我建议你等等。May I present my new as

16、sistant to you?请允许我向你介绍我的新助手好吗？短语拓展at present意为：目前，现在 at the present time (=for the present)眼前，暂时 be present at the meeting出席会议 be present to mind放在心里；记忆犹新 present sb. with sth.=present sth. to sb.把某物赠给某人注意：present (作前置定语)现在的，当前的；（作后置定语）出席的，到场的He doesnt know how to deal with the present situation.(前

17、置定语，现在的，当前的）The people present at he meeting are advanced workers.（后置定语，出席的，到场的）6.So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 所以到17世纪时，莎士比亚所用发的词汇量比以往任何时候都大。by the 1600s到17世纪时。The 1600s也可以写成the 1600s。make use of为固定短语，意为“利用”，在名词use之前可以加上形容词，表示不同程度的利用。Human

18、beings，especially the Chinese, should make full use of their natural resources.人类，尤其是中国人，应该充分利用自然资源。注意：make use of有时可用于被动语态中短语拓展make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用come into use 开始被使用 in use 正在用put to use 利用，使用 use up 用完，耗尽例If better use is _your spare time, youll make good progress in doing

19、your business.A.spent B.made of C.used for D.taken7、For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speaker.例如，印度拥有许多讲英语很流利的人.a large number of 许多，大量A large number of students have failed the exam. 许多学生考试不及格。辨析 a number of ,the number ofa number of 后加可数名词复数，当该短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数，意为“许多，大量”the

20、 number of 后加可数名词复数，当该短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式，意为“.的数量”例如，A large number of students have failed the exam and the number of them is30.许多学生考试不及格，数量是30.例The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _rising steadily since 1997.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been8、Only time will tell. 这只能由时间来

21、回答了。tell vi.(确定地)说出；vt.分辨；区分。Its too early to tell now.现在进行判断还为时过早。I really cant tell which is which. 我实在分辨不出哪个是哪个。知识拓展（1）tell vt. 告诉。tell sb sth/tell sth to sb 告诉某人某事He told the news to everybody he saw.他逢人便讲这个消息。（2）tell vt. 命令；吩咐。tell sb to do sth 命令/吩咐某人做某事。He was told to sit down and wait. 有人吩咐他

22、坐下等着。tell a lie 说谎 tell a story 讲故事 tell the difference between A and B 说出A与B之间的区别tell (sb.) the truth 对（某人）说实话例 If anyone happens to drop in while I am out,_him or her leave a message.A.have B.get C.ask D.tell Part 3. Learning about Language1.It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as

23、well as a native English speaker.对中国人来说，想把英语说得像英国人一样好，并不是件容易的事。 本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do。该句是句式“It is/was+adj.(+for sb.)+to do.”的具体应用，for sb.表示不定式to do.的动作是由谁发出的。当作表语的形容词是表示不定式逻辑主语的特征，即形容词用来描述不定式行为发出者的性格、品行等时，要用“It is/was+adj.+of sb.+to do.”句型。此类形容词常见的有：kind,nice,clever,wrong,right,foolish,wise,stup

24、id,rude,careless,brave,polite等。在这种句型中，sb.可以作句子的主语。as well as 同级比较，“和.一样好”；还可表示“也，和”，连接主语时谓语动词采用就远原则。Your elder brother as well as you is kind to me.as well是副词，相当于too,一般放在句末。Mr Liu can speak English. He can speak French as well.might/may(just) as well do sth. 倒不如做。吧，还是做。的好We might as well leave at on

25、ce.我们倒不如立刻离开的好。2. As we know, British English is a little different from/ than American English. 正如我们所知道的那样，英式英语与美式英语有点儿不同。（P11）(1) as在句中作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，代替后面整句话的内容，as在定语从句中充当动词know的宾语。as引导从句表示说话人的看法、态度或给出某种解释或评论。As is known to all, he is a great writer. 我们都知道，他是一位伟大的作家。The earth is round, as we all

26、 know. 众所周知，地球是圆的。(2) “a little+ 形容词或副词的原级”意为“有点儿；稍微”。After working, he was a little tired. 工作后，他有点儿累了。知识拓展 “a little+ 不可数名词”意为“少量的；一点儿”。Eg. There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有点儿水。 “a little+ 形容词或副词的比较级”意为“较；稍微一点儿”Eg. He is a little taller than I. 他比我高一点儿。 当a little修饰形容词、副词原级或比较级时，相当于a bit,但

27、not a bit却与not a little含义不同. not a bit意为“一点儿也不”，相当于not at all,而not a little 相当于very much.Lets have a rest. Im a little / bit tired. 我们休息一会儿吧。我有点儿累。He has given us not a little trouble. 他给我们带来了很多麻烦。 “a bit of + 单数名词或不可数名词”意为“一小块；一点儿”。3.Can you find the following command and request from Reading?comma

28、nd “n. /vt. 命令，指令，掌握”(1)in command of 由指挥under /in/at the command of sb.在指挥之下have (a) good command of掌握；精通（尤指语言）（2）command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command that.(should) do.命令 He commanded the soldiers to attack.=He commanded that the soldiers (should) attack.他命令士兵们进攻。 I never promised to obey her comman

29、ds.（作为命令，指令时可数）我从未答应服从她的命令。 Mr. Smith has （a ）good command of spoken English.（作为运用能力，掌握时不可数，但有时前可加a) 史密斯先生对英语口语掌握得很好。request v.& n.请求，要求request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事at the request of ab.=at ones request 应某人的要求request sth. from sb. 向某人索要某物用所给词的适当形式填空 He requested me

30、_ (write) a letter of recommendation. He requested that I _(write) a letter of recommendation. The passengers _(request) to show their passports.Part 4. Using Language 1. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。（1）Believe it or not在句中通常作插入语，表明说话者的语气或态度。Eg.

31、Believe it or not, the eight-year-old boy can speak 3 foreign languages. 信不信由你，这个8岁的男孩子会说三门外语。【注意】believe sb表示“相信某人所说的话”；believe in sb表示“信任某人的本质”。巧学妙用I believe you but I dont believe in you. 我相信你的话，但我不信任你这个人。【知识拓展】常用作插入语的还有：judging from/ by 从判断；generally speaking 一般说来；to tell the truth 说实话； to be su

32、re 确切的说；to be frank 坦率的说； I think/ believe/ suppose 我认为/相信；You know/ see 你知道； To be honest 说实话 (2) such与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several连用时，应位于它们的后面，但放在a/ an 的前面。many such books 许多这样的书several such songs 几首这样的歌no such kid 没这种孩子 当名词用表示多少的many, much, few, little 等修饰时，用so. so many pe

33、ople 那么多的人 2. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望那些新闻播音员所说的英语是完美的英语。expect vt. 期望；指望；预期，在口语中作“以为；料想”讲，后面可接名词、代词、不定式、带不定式的复合宾语及“that从句”等。具体用法如下：（1）接名词或代词She was expecting a phone call from her son. 她在等着儿子

34、的电话。（2）接不定式You cant expect to learn a foreign language in a month. 不要指望一个月就能学会一门外语。(3) 接带不定式的复合宾语I expect you to go home early. 我期望你早点儿回家。(4) 接“that从句”。We expected that he would come to the meeting. 我们原以为他会来参加会议的。(5) 接代词so或not.-Is it going to rain this weekend? 这个周末会下雨吗？-I expect so. 我想会的。-I dont ex

35、pect so. / I expect not. 我想不会的。 3. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak. 然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们说话时的差异。 （1）however adv. 可是，然而，在句中作插入语，常放在句首或句中，也可放在句末，一般用逗号将其与句子隔开。Eg. He promised to come. However, he didnt come. 他答应来。可是，他并没有来。【知识拓展】however也可引导让步状语从句，一般后接“形容词/副词+

36、主语+谓语动词”。Eg. However hot it is, he will not take off his coat. 无论天多热，他也不会脱掉外套。You cannot catch up with a car, however fast you run. 无论你跑多快，也赶不上汽车。（2）in the way是“以方式”的意思，后面省略了定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，当先行词是the way时，如果在定语从句中作主语和宾语时，常用that引导；如果在定语从句中作方式状语时，则用that/ in which/ 引导或省略引导词。This is the way that helps me

37、 a lot.这就是对我帮助很大的方法。I dont like the way he thought of. 我不喜欢他想出的方法。I like the way (that/ in which) she organized the meeting. 我喜欢她组织会议的方法。【短语拓展】 by the way 顺便说说，顺便提起in a way 有几分，稍微，在某种程度上，有保留地in the way 阻碍，阻挡，以方式 on ones way to 在某人去的途中例 you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challen

38、ge.A However a serious problem B What a serious problemC However serious a problem D What serious a problem4. Geography also plays a part in making dialects. 地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。play a part/role in意为“在中起作用，在中扮演角色”。Eg. The wheat plays an important part in our life.小麦在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。He has played a part in

39、the TV play. 他在这部电视剧中扮演一个角色。5. So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。（1） 本句中的the same修饰dialect,此时dialect后面的as.应看作关系代词引导的定语从句。（2）使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that时定语从句中的动词不可省略。Women receive

40、d the same pay that men received.女人得到的薪水和男人的一样。（3）its the same with.意为“.也一样”，表示某人或某物的情况也适用于另一个人或物。John studies well and is always ready to help others. And it is the same with Mike.约翰学习好，又乐于助人。迈克也一样。【知识拓展】 “the same+ n. + as引导的定语从句”表示同类事物；“the same + n. +that引导的定语从句”表示同一事物；“the same+ n.+ when / wher

41、e引导的定语从句”中when和where在从句中作状语。Eg. He wears the same hat that he wore yesterday. 他戴着昨天戴的那顶帽子。（同一事物）Id like to buy the same hat as he wears today. 我想买一顶他今天戴的那样的帽子。（同一类食物）The witness led the police to the same place where the robbery had happened.目击者把警察领到了抢劫案发生的地方。（where作状语）【注意】“the same+ n.”之后接定语从句时，引导词

42、的确定一要看引导词在句中充当的成分，二要看从句所表达的内容是同一事物还是同一类事物。6. Although many American move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects. 虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别并理解彼此的方言。recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认Eg. She came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognized her. 她回家时又瘦又虚弱，连她自己的孩子都几乎认不出她来了。L

43、awrences novel was eventually recognized as a work of genius. 劳伦斯的小说最后被公认为天才之作。【短语拓展】recognize sb 认出某人 recognize ones voice 听出某人的声音recognizeas 认定/承认为recognize sb/ sth to be 认为某人/ 某物是 recognize that 承认【辨析】 recognize, realize, knowrecognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。know 是延续性动

44、词，指相互间十分熟悉、十分了解。例 用recognize，realize和know的适当形式填空（1）Only after you lose your health will you the importance of health.(2) Ive Tom for years.(3) I him as soon as he came in.7. ， I meant by truck. 我的意思是坐卡车。mean的用法： mean vt. 意思是What do you mean by saying so? 你这么说是什么意思？ mean v. 意味着；有的征兆，后接名词、动名词及“that从句”,不能接不定式。Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 赶不上这列火车意味着再等一个小时。 mean后面接不定式作宾语时，意为“打算；意欲”。I meant to help you. 我打算帮助你。知识拓展mean adj.卑鄙的；下贱的；吝啬的；小气的。His wifes always been mean with money. 他的妻子总是对金钱很吝啬。例-You sh