2022年河北考研英语一试题真题及答案(精品真题).docx
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1、2022年河北考研英语一试题真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishThe idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was _1_ around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be _2_ to intelligence in animals. _3_ plants lack brains, the firin
2、g of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that _4_ consciousness, researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it _5_ so greatly from that of animals that so-calle
3、d _6_ of plants intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006, some scientists have _7_ that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, _8_ “a plant nervous system, _9_ to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “They _10_ c
4、laimed that plants have brain-like command centers at their root tips.”This _11_ makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, _12_ it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. _13_, the signaling in a plant is only _14_ similar to
5、the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,” Taiz said.“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold _15_ of complexity and capacity is required,” he _16_.” Since plants dont have nervous systems, the _17_ that they have conscio
6、usness are effectively zero.”And whats so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants cant run away from _18_, so investing energy in a body system which _19_ a threat and can feel pain would be a very _20_ evolutionary strategy, according to the article.1. A coined B discovered C collected D issued2.
7、 A attributed B directed C compared D confined3. A Unless B When C Once D Though4. A coped with B consisted of C hinted at D extended to5. A suffers B benefits C develops D differs6. A acceptance B evidence C cultivation D creation7. A doubted B denied C argued D requested8. A adapting B forming C r
8、epairing D testing9. A analogous B essential C suitable D sensitive10. A just B ever C still D even11. A restriction B experiment C perspective D demand12. A attaching B reducing C returning D exposing13. A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise14. A temporarily B literally C superficially D ima
9、ginarily15. A list B level C label D load16. A recalled B agreed C questioned D added17. A chances B risks C excuses D assumptions18. A danger B failure C warning D control19. A represents B includes C reveals D recognizes20. A humble B poor C practical D easy答案解析:1. A coined2. C compared3. D Though
10、4. C hinted at5. D differs6. B evidence7. C argued8. B forming9. A analogous10. D even11. C perspective12. B reducing13. A However14. C superficially15. B level16. D added17. A chances18. A danger19. D recognizes20. B poorSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts
11、. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics ar
12、e everywhere and dont break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They “weep” out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plast
13、ic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didnt always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a p
14、olymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. “Its like baking a cake: If you dont have exact amounts, it goes wrong,” she says. “The object you make is already a time bomb.”And sometimes, its not the artists fault. In the
15、1960s, the Italian artist Piero Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen “nature carpets”large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk aroun
16、d on the carpetswhich meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. Its especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardis pumpkins, roses, and other figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the d
17、ark.So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardis sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals “sunscreens” because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several
18、 sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oostens, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics, designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common.And
19、more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human historyStone Age, Iron Age, and so onafter examining artifa
20、cts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, “and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve will have a strong impact on how in the future well be seen.”21. According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in _.A maintaining their plastic itemsB obtainin
21、g durable plastic artifactsC handling outdated plastic exhibitsD classifying their plastic collections22. Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are _.A immune to decayB improperly shapedC inherently flawedD complex in structure23. Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardis artworks to _.
22、A keep them from hurting visitorsB duplicate them for future displayC have their ingredients analyzedD prevent them from further damage24. The author thinks that preservation of plastics is _.A costlyB unworthyC unpopularD challenging25. In Ferreira s opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts _.A w
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