高中英语新外研版必修一基础知识讲解(分单元编排,非常全面).docx

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1、高中英语必修一基础知识讲解Unit 1 A new start【重点单词和短语】1.impression n.印象;感想【词汇拓展】impress vt.使钦佩;使敬仰;给留下深刻印象impressive adj.令人赞叹的;令人敬佩的make/leave/have a(n).impression on sb.给某人留下的印象impress sb.with sth.某事(物)给某人留下印象impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事be impressed by/with.对印象深刻2.turn around 转身【词汇拓展】turn away 转过脸去;把驱逐出去;解雇tur

2、n down 降低,减弱;拒绝turn back 折回,往回走;使停止前进,挡住turn into 变成;进入turn on 打开turn off 关掉turn out 生产;出产;结果是turn over 反转;翻过来;翻身;移交turn to 向求助;翻到(书页);开始行动turn up 把向上翻;卷起;出现,到来3.breathe v.呼吸【 词 汇 拓 展 】 breath n.呼吸;气息breathe in/out 吸气/呼气out of breath 上气不接下气take a deep breath 深吸一口气hold ones breath 屏住呼吸4.in panic 惊慌地【

3、词汇拓展】get into a panic 陷入惊慌中panic sb.into doing sth.使某人仓皇行事;使某人仓促行动Theres no panic.不用着急。Theres no point getting into a panic about the exam.Its not as difficult as you imagine.5. embarrassed adj.尴尬的;难堪的【词汇拓展】embarrass vt.使尴尬;使难堪;使窘迫embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的;令人困窘的embarrassment n.窘迫;令人困窘的人或物to ones embarr

4、assment 令某人尴尬的是6. fit adj.健康的;强健的;合适的v.适合;合身;安装22【词汇拓展】be fit for 适合;胜任be fit to do 适合做 keep/stay fit 保持健康fit in with 与相适应,与相协调注意：(1) fit 指大小、尺寸、形状合适,引申为“吻合”;(2) suit 指款式、需要、口味、条件、地位、衣着适合某人,使人看上去有吸引力;另外,用于比喻意义时多用 suit;(3) match 多指大小、颜色、形状等一致,通常被译为“匹配”。7.experienced adj.有经验的;熟练的【词汇拓展】experience n.经验;

5、经历vt.经历,体验,感受have experience in sth.在方面有经验from/by experience 凭经验;从经验中(得出) be experienced in/at 在方面有经验【名师点睛】表示“经历,经过的事”时,experience 是可数名词,有复数形式;表示“经验” 时,experience 是不可数名词。8. argue v.争论,争辩;说服;主张,认为【词汇拓展】argument n.争论,辩论;论据arguable adj.可论证的;可疑的argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事argue sb.into 说服某人(做某事或

6、接受某种意见) argue sb.out of 说服某人不做某事,打消某种念头argue against 反驳argue for 赞同;主张9. come along 来吧;一起来;一起走;进展;出现【词汇拓展】come about 发生come across(偶然)遇见,发现come back 回来;回想come from 来自come off 离开;脱落;举行come on 跟着来;进步;快点come out 出来;长出;出版;结果是come to 共计;达成;苏醒;归结为come up 走近;上来;被提及come up with 想出;提出;提供;赶上10.care about 关心;在

7、乎;计较;忧虑【词汇拓展】care for 照顾;喜欢;介意;愿意take care of 照顾;处理under/in the care of 由管理/照管with care 仔细地,认真地,小心地take care 当心,留神;保重,珍重11. apply vi.申请,请求 vt.应用,实施;运用【词汇拓展】application n.应用,运用;请求;申请;申请表applicant n.申请人,请求者apply oneself to 致力于apply ones mind to 专心于apply.to.把应用于12. take up 开始从事;占据;着手处理;拿起【词汇拓展】take awa

8、y 拿走;带走;夺走take back 退回;拿回;归还take down 记下;拆卸take in 吸收;理解;欺骗take off 脱下;起飞;休假;(事业)腾飞take on 呈现;雇用take out 取出;拔掉;带出去take over 接管;接任13.graduate v.毕业n.毕业生【词汇拓展】graduation n.毕业graduate from 毕业于(大学) graduate in 毕 业 于 ( 专 业 ) graduation ceremony 毕业典礼graduation certificate 毕业证书14.take part in 参加,参与【名师点睛】tak

9、e part in中 part 前不加冠词,但是当 part 前有形容词修饰时,需加不定冠词,如 take an active part in“积极参加”;take part in 后面不跟宾语时,不使用介词 in。15. deal with 对付;打交道;处理;论述,涉及;做买卖【词汇拓展】make a deal 达成协议;做成交易Thats/Its a deal.(口语)成交;就这么办吧。a great/good deal of 大量,许多(后接不可数名词) deal in 经营,做生意辨析：deal with 和 do with 都有“处理”的意思,但在疑问句中,deal with 与

10、how 连用;do with 与 what 连用,what 作 do 的宾语。I dont know how to deal with my spare time.=I dont know what to do with my spare time. 我不知道怎样处理我的业余时间。16. frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的【 词 汇 拓 展 】 fright n.惊吓,恐怖frighten vt.使惊恐,使害怕frightening adj.吓人的,令人害怕的be frightened at/of.害怕be frightened to death 吓得要死frighten sb.in

11、to/out of doing sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事17.go all out 全力以赴,竭尽全力【词汇拓展】go against 违反;违背;反对go by 走过;过去;依照go down 下去;下沉;下降go in for 从事于;酷爱;参加go on 继续;发生;进行go out 出去;熄灭go through 经历;经受;翻阅,翻找go up 上涨;上升;攀登;建立起来go with 伴随;与相配go without 没有也行;将就e to an end 结束;终止【词汇拓展】put/bring an end to sth.(=put/bring sth.to an end)

12、结束某事,终止某事end up with 以结束in the end 最后,终于at the end of 在的尽头by the end of 到为止from beginning to end 从头到尾 on end 竖着;直立着;连续地;持续地Unit 2 Exploring English【重点单词】patient【原句回放】She is kind and patient, and she.她善良而有耐心【点拨】patientadj.耐心的，能忍受的，坚韧的；n.病人The doctor is very patient with his patients.这个医生对他的病人很有耐心。 be

13、 patient with sb.对某人有耐心be patient of sth.忍耐某事He was endlessly kind and patient with children. 他对孩子们总是非常好，很有耐心。He is patient of cold and hunger. 他能忍饥挨冻。【拓展】- patience n.耐心，耐性have patience with sb./sth.对某人/某事有耐心have the patience to do sth.有耐心做某事be out of patience with. 对忍无可忍have no patience with. 对不能容

14、忍with patiencepatiently (adv.)耐心地- impatient adj.不耐烦的，没有耐心的- impatience n.不耐烦，无耐性We should take care of our patient patiently, that is we should be patient. 我们应该耐心地照顾病人，即我们应该有耐心。amusing【原句回放】I like teachers who are amusing and can laugh with their students. 我喜欢有趣的、能和学生一起大笑的老师。【点拨】amusing adj.有趣的，可笑的

15、I didnt find the joke at all amusing. 我认为这笑话一点也不可笑。He always lays on the colors to make his stories more amusing. 他总是用夸张的手法使他的故事更有趣。【拓展】- amuse vt. 娱乐；使快乐，使某人笑- amusedadj. 觉得好笑的；快乐的- amusementn.娱乐，快乐；娱乐场所 to ones amusement让人感到好笑的是The children were really amused at the amusing story. 孩子们被这个好笑的故事逗笑了。T

16、o the great amusement of everybody, the actors beard fell off. 让每个人感到很好笑的是，那个演员的胡子掉下来了。avoid【原句回放】She avoids making you feel stupid! 她不会使你感到自己很笨！【点拨】avoid vt.避免；避开；消除avoid 后可以跟名词、代词或动词的ing 形式作宾语，但不能跟不定式作宾语。avoid (doing) sth. 避免(做)某事She tried to avoid answering my questions. 她试图避而不答我的问题。I avoided pun

17、ishment/being punished by running away. 我跑开才逃离了惩罚。【拓展】- avoidable adj. 可避免的To green hands，mistakes are not avoidable. 对新手来说，犯错误是难免的。avoid 和 escape 辨析avoid 指在某事之前有意避开；escape 指在做某事的过程中逃脱或者逃离。They are reported to have escaped to the other side of the border. 有报道称他们已经逃过了国境线。appreciate【原句回放】., but most o

18、f us really appreciate her because her teaching is so well organized and clear. ，但是，我们多数人都非常赞赏她，因为她讲的课既有条理又清晰。【点拨】appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏，重视；对表示感谢；感激；意识到，懂得appreciate 意为“感谢”时，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不接不定式或表人的名词或代词作宾语。另外，其后通常不直接跟从句，而是以 it 作先行宾语，其后再接从句。appreciate doingappreciate one/ones doingwould appreciate it i

19、f.如果我将不胜感激We shall appreciate hearing from you again.我们将乐意再次收到你的来信。I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down. 如果你把音乐关小一些，我将不胜感激。His genius was at last universally appreciated. 他的天才终于得到了普遍的赏识。admit【原句回放】And a few students even admit liking her! 甚至有些同学承认喜欢她！【点拨】admitvt.承认，准许进入(或使用)，让享有(to

20、)；接纳，接收；能容纳；供认(事实、错误等)vi.容许，留有余地；通向，开向admit sth.承认某事admit doing/having done sth.承认做/已经做了某事admit sb./sth.to be. 承认某人/事是admit that clause 承认admit sb.to/into 接纳某人进入；吸收某人参加admit of 容许有；有可能；容许有的余地admit 后不能跟不定式作宾语，可以跟不定式“to be”作宾语补足语。He admitted having driven the car without insurance.他承认驾驶过这辆没有保险的轿车。Tom

21、was admitted to Oxford University last year. 汤姆去年被牛津大学录取了。The facts admit of no other explanations. 事实不容辩解。respect【原句回放】I respect him a lot.我很尊敬他。【点拨】respectvt.尊敬，尊重；n.U尊敬，尊重；敬意；C着眼点；方面；细节 respect sb./ sth.for sth. 因某事尊敬某人(事)respect oneself自尊，自重show/have respect for 尊敬，尊重send/give ones respects to.代

22、某人向问好pay ones respect to sb.向某人致敬in every respect/in all respects 在各方面in respect of 关于with respect to.至于；关于；就而言with respect 恕我直言With respect, I hardly think thats the point. 恕我直言，但我认为这不是重点。matter【原句回放】It doesnt matter if a teacher is not organized.如果老师没有组织不要紧。【点拨】matter vi.要紧，有关系（be of importance）；m

23、atter 常用于以 it 作形式主语的结构中,其真实主语一般为现在分词短语、that 从句、wh-从句或 if/whether 从句。It doesnt matter about the price, buy it, whatever it costs. 不要考虑价钱，无论花多少钱，都买吧。It matters greatly to our relationship. 这事对你我之间的关系影响重大。It doesnt matter about me. 不必为我担心。It doesnt matter to me.我不在乎。matter n.物质,物体；题材,内容；事情,问题；困难,毛病,麻烦；

24、重要性a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情；成败的关键as a matter of fact 事实上,其实be a matter of time 迟早要发生prefer【原句回放】I prefer Chinese and English.我更喜欢语文和英语。【点拨】prefer vt.更喜欢；提升，提拔；vi.更喜欢，宁愿I became a teacher because I preferred books and people to politics. 我当了老师，因为我更喜欢书本和人而不是权术。He was preferred to captain.他被晋

25、升为队长。prefer 在日常对话中听起来往往很正式，像 likebetter 和 would rather 这样的口头表达更为常用。prefer.to.结构中，to 为介词，表示“宁愿而不愿”，其前后应是平行结构prefer doing sth.宁愿做某事(表示一般倾向，也就是对某种行为的爱好)prefer to do sth.喜欢做某事(指特定或具体某项动作，即在一定场合下“特别喜欢”) prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事prefer sb.to do sth.喜欢某人做某事below【原句回放】Find the words an

26、d phrases that match the definitions below. 找到和下面定义匹配的单词和短语。【点拨】below adv.在下面，到下面，用作副词时常作后置定语。from below 从下面I heard him calling from below. 我听见他从下面叫我。Please write to me at the address below. 请按以下地址给我写信。below prep. (表示位置)在下面，低于；(表示状态)在掩饰之下，在背后；(表示比较)不及，劣于，低于；(表示方位)在以南,在的南面below zero 零下below the avera

27、ge 在平均值之下Such people often experience less stress than those in the ranks below them. 这些人经受的压力通常比那些职位低于他们的人要小。【重点短语】make sure【原句回放】Good teachers make sure that everyone in the class understands. 好老师务必使班上每个人都能懂。【点拨】make sure 弄清楚；查明；确信；务必要(做到)，后面一般不接不定式。Make sure you defrost the chicken completely bef

28、ore cooking.一定让冻鸡化透后再烹调。First you must make sure of the time and place. 首先你必须弄清时间和地点。make sure of/about 弄清楚；查明【拓展】be sure of/that.有把握，确信(主语是人)She looked over her shoulder to be sure of her footing. 她扭头看了看后面以确认自己是否站稳了。be sure to do sth.一定会，必然会做某事 (主语是人或物) He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。(别人对他的看法) up to【

29、原句回放】Its up to you 由你来决定。【点拨】be up to sb.应该由某人负责，是某人的责任Its up to us to help those having lost their homes in the earthquake. 我们有责任帮助那些在地震中失去家园的人们。be up to sth./doing sth.能胜任（做）某事My passive vocabulary in Spanish would not be up to the task. 我的西班牙词汇不够用，因此难以胜任。up to 多达The hotel can accommodate up to 50

30、0 guests. 这家旅馆可供 500 位旅客住宿。tell jokes【原句回放】Hes really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks were getting bored. 他真的是很有趣，看到我们有点厌烦了就给我们讲笑话。tell jokes 讲笑话My son likes to tell jokes, although he has no intention to become a comedian. 虽然我儿子没有打算要去做喜剧演员，但他很喜欢讲笑话。【点拨】tell 的有关短语： tell a lie说 谎 tell a story讲

31、故事tell ones experiences诉说自己的经历tell sbs fate/ fortune/future给某人算命tell the difference分辨差别tell the time报时tell the truth说实话tell twins区分双胞胎【重点句型】1. so/ such.that.【原句回放】., and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it!她讲解的英语语法是如此的清晰，甚至连我也能听得懂！【点拨】so.that. 如此以致于，引导结果状语从句。When th

32、e football fans saw Beckham, they got so excited that they cried out. 当足球粉丝们看到贝克汉姆时，他们兴奋得叫起来。【拓展】so that 引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用 can /could /may /might/will /would /should 等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用 can 和 may 等词，在 so that 前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以”。The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his

33、 mother a present on Mothersday.这个小男孩精打细算，以便他能在母亲节给妈妈买一份礼物。such.that 结构也引导结果状语从句，二者结构区别如下： so + adj./ adv.+ thatso + many/few + 复数名词 + thatso + much/ little（少） +不可数名词 + that so + adj.+ a/an +单数名词 + thatsuch + a/an + adj.+单数名词+ that such + adj.+复数名词+ thatsuch + adj.+不可数名词+ thatsuch + a/an + adj.+单数名词

34、+ that= so + adj.+ a/an +单数名词 + thatThey are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。2. would rather do sth.than do sth./ would do sth.rather than do sth.【原句回放】Id rather study history than geography because I can learn a lot from many historicalfigures.我宁愿学历史而不愿学

35、地理，因为我可以从许多历史人物中学到很多东西。【点拨】would rather do sth.than do sth./ would do sth.rather than do sth 宁可做某事也不做某事She would rather die than give a speech. (=She would die rather than give a speech.) 她宁愿死也不愿意做演讲。I would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him. 我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。【拓展】rather than 而不是or rather 更确切的

36、说would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事would rather sb.did sth.宁愿某人做某事 (用一般过去时表示对现在和将来的虚拟) would rather sb.had done sth.宁愿某人做过某事 (用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟) 注意：would rather 后还可接动词的完成式，表示主语要做某事，而结果却事与愿违。Id rather have left a note on her desk.我本想留张纸条在她书桌上的。(事实上没有留) 3.this/it is true of 这也适用于【原句回放】This is true of Fra

37、nce, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the teachers is considered very important.法国、德国、西班牙就是这样，在这些国家里，遵守纪律和尊敬老师被认为是很重要的。【点拨】This is true of.是一个常用句型，意为“这也适用于”。This/That/The same/It is true of.也是如此，也适用于【拓展】表示“也是如此”的句型还有：1. so+动词/情态动词/be 动词+ sb./sth.（用于肯定形式中）2. Neither/ Nor +动词/情态动词/

38、be 动词+ sb./sth. （用于否定形式中）3. It is the same with sb./ sth.（用于含有两个或两个以上动词的所有形式中，和 the same is true of 通用）4. So it is with sb./ sth.（用于含有两个或两个以上动词的所有形式中，和 the same is true of 通用）He has worked in the company for more than 10 years, and so have I. 他在这家公司工作十多年了，我也是。Tom didnt mean to tell the secret.Neithe

39、r did I. 汤姆不是故意泄露秘密的，我也是如此。Jackson went to New York and would stay there for two weeks.It is the same with his boss.杰克逊去了纽约，准备在那儿待两周。他老板也是一样。Unit 3【重点词汇】1. approach v.接近;靠近;走近approach sb./sth.靠近/接近某人/某物approach sb.for sth.为求助或提供某事物接近某人with sth.approaching 随着的来临【词汇拓展】approach n.接近;方法;途径;步骤;通道(an) app

40、roach to sth./to doing sth.(做某事)的方法/途径at the approach of.在快到的时候随着期末考试的临近，我变得越来越焦虑。With the approach of the final exam，I became more and more anxious.With the final exam approaching，I became more and more anxious.2. focus vi.集中注意；聚焦vt.使聚焦；使集中；(把)集中(于)n.焦点；(兴趣、活动等的)中心focus on/upon 集中(注意力)于focus ones a

41、ttention/mind on/upon .集中某人的注意力/心思于 focus ones eyes on/upon .注视If you focus your attention on your study，you will make rapid progress. 如果你把精力放在学习上，你会取得快速的进步。in focus 清晰的，焦距对准的out of focus 模糊的，不清楚的；焦距没有对准的3.assume v.假定，认为，承担(责任)It is generally assumed that .普遍认为 assuming (that) .假设In art criticism，yo

42、u must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家在作品中隐藏着一个秘密信息。Lets assume him to be innocent. 让我们假定他是清白的。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为，压力是由工作过重所致。assumption n.假定，假设make an assumption/assumptions about 对作出假设on the assumption th

43、at 假定，假设4.respect v.尊敬，敬重n.尊敬，敬重；方面，细节；问候(复数) respect sb.show/have respect for sb.尊重某人respect oneself 自尊，自重respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊重某人She has always been honest with me，and I respect her for that. 她一直对我很诚实，我因此而尊敬她。give/send my respects to sb.代我向某人问好/致意in this/that respect 在这/那方面in respect of/with re

44、spect to 关于；就而言In respect of/With respect to your children，please listen attentively to them without offering advice.关于你的孩子们，请你认真倾听他们诉说，不要提建议。respectful adj.礼貌的；恭敬的respectable adj.体面的；令人尊敬的respective adj.分别的，各自的5.ignore v.忽视，对不予理会ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的ignorance n.无知be ignorant of/about sth.不知道某事，对不了解6

45、.suit v.适合suitable adj.适合的suit .to 使适合be suitable for 适合于be suitable to do sth.适合做某事7.talent n.才能；天赋；人才talented adj.有天赋的；有才能的have a talent for 有的天赋show a talent for 展现出的天赋8. responsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的responsibility n.责任，义务be responsible for sth.对某事负责任；是某事的原因be responsible to sb.向某人负责任I

46、t is ones responsibility to do sth.做某事是某人的责任take responsibility for 为负责9. observe v.庆祝，过(节日，生日等)；观察observation n.观察observe sb.do sth.观察某人做某事(全过程) observe sb.doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事10. range n.一系列；范围；种类vt.(在一定的范围内)变动/变化a wide range of 一系列；各种各样的within (the)/in range of 在可及的范围内beyond the/out of range of 超出的范围range from .to .在和之间变化11.apologise v.道歉apology n.道歉apologise to sb.向某人道歉apologise for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而道歉make an apology to sb.for sth.因某事而向某人道歉12.settle v.和解，结束(争论)；定居