【课件】Unit+2Discover+Useful+Structures+课件人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册+.pptx

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1、One day,Xiao Niu was sitting under a tree,reading.Suddenlya falling apple hit him.Oh,there was a fallen apple and many fallen leaves on the grass.One day,Xiao Niu was sitting under a tree,reading.Suddenlya falling apple hit him.Oh,there was a fallen apple and many fallen leaves on grass.sittingwaswa

2、shitreadingfallingfallenfallen谓语谓语predicate 非谓语非谓语non-predicate Can you tell the predicate verbs and non-predicate verbs of them？动动词词谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词连系动词am is are was were sound seem get turn 实意动词/行为动词(vt./vi)run sing learn say write助动词do does did have has will 情态动词can may must need dare不定式to do 现

3、在分词V-ing 过去分词V-ed 非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个句子句子（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.Find the mistakes in these sentences.True or false 1.He is teach English.2.Yo

4、u will pass the final exam,if you studying hard.3.I interested in reading books.4.She decided work in a theatre because she was moved by the her.5.Whats the language speaking in that country?teachingInterested am interestedstudyingstudydecided workdecided to workspeakingspokenteach1.The robbers are

5、using a stolen car.2.He looked worried after reading the letter.3.He managed to make himself understood.4.The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.5.When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.判断下列过去分词在句中所做的成分判断下列过去分词在句中所做的成分 1.作定语（attribute)2.作表语

6、(predicative)4.作状语(adverbial)过去分词 3.作宾补(object complement)1 1、过去分词作定语时一般兼有、过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成被动和完成的意义。的意义。eg：a usedused stamp an injuredinjured finger a brokenbroken coin 一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手指一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币一、过去分词作定语的含义一、过去分词作定语的含义注意：注意：a.过去分词作定语时，过去分词作定语时，有时有时只有被动意义只有被动意义。spokenspoken English

7、英语口语英语口语 writtenwritten exercises 书面练习书面练习 b.少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的 过去分词过去分词只有完成的意义只有完成的意义 fallenfallen leaves 落叶落叶 the risenrisen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳 a retiredretired teacher 一名退休教师一名退休教师 an escapedescaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 想一想什么时候用前置定语？什么时候用前置定语？什么时候用后置定语？什么时候用后置定语？单个的单个的过去分词作定语一般

8、放在被修饰的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前名词前过去分词过去分词短语短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面后面a.a.单个单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词或代 词词前面前面二、过去分词作定语的位置二、过去分词作定语的位置a a brokenbroken heart heart 一颗破碎的心已升起的太阳the the risenrisen sun sunb.过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。相当于定语从句。1.People exposed to COVID-192.t

9、he book recommended by Jack3.the machines produced last year=people who were exposed to COVID-19=the book which was recommended by Jack=the machines which were produced last yearPractice:把过去分词做定语改为定语从句把过去分词做定语改为定语从句1）The question discussed at the meeting was very important.=The question _ was very i

10、mportant.which had been discussed at the meeting注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。2）The United States is a developed country.=The United Stated is a country _.which has developed注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。3）Have you noticed the bridge being built there?=Have you noticed the

11、bridge _ there?which is being built注注：本本句句中中的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，表表示示被被动动的的动作正在进行。动作正在进行。三、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别三、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别现在分词：主动现在分词：主动 或正在进行或正在进行过去分词：被动过去分词：被动 或完成或完成There are 220 children studying in the art school.The experience gained from the activity will be of great value to us.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别过

12、去分词与现在分词作定语的区别：the changing world the changed world boiling water boiled water a developing country a developed country（正在变化的）（正在变化的）（变化了的）（变化了的）（正在沸腾的）正在沸腾的）（已经沸腾过的）（已经沸腾过的）(发展中的发展中的)（发达的）（发达的）a drowning mana drowned man falling leaves fallen leaves 快要淹死的人快要淹死的人已经淹死的人已经淹死的人正在飘落的树叶正在飘落的树叶落叶落叶I know

13、the people building the house there.(主动、进行）主动、进行）The house being built over there is a shop.(被动、正在建被动、正在建)The house built over there is a shop.（被动、已建好）（被动、已建好）The house to be built over there is designed by a famous architect（被动、将来）（被动、将来）His book _ last year sells well.His book _ now will be on sal

14、e next year.His book _ next year will be his best one.The press(出版社)_ his book is famous in the city.published being published to be published publishing publish Wow,the cakes_(buy)today are perfect.boughtPractice“咦，咦，今儿买的蛋今儿买的蛋糕糕是极好的是极好的!1.Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?2.The woman _(

15、sell)vegetables has gone.3.The wheat is watered by water _(bring)from a pond.4.He is a leader_(respect)by the people.He looked worried When we heard of it,we were deeply moved The door was closed at 9 oclock.The boy became frightened.动词动词-ed作作表语表语(Predicative)动词动词-ed-ed作表语并无作表语并无 完成完成 或或 被动被动 之意，之意，

16、而是说明主语的状态或情感而是说明主语的状态或情感,置于系动词之后。置于系动词之后。常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的愉快的)；broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(关闭的关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的吃惊的)；delighted(高兴的高兴的)；lost(丢失的丢失的)；disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(担忧的担忧的)；注注意意：过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，构构成成的的系系表表结结构构与与被被动动语语态的区别：态的区别：过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，强强调调特特点点或或状状态态；而而被被动动语语态态中，强调动作中，强调

17、动作。e.g.：This shop is now closedclosed 这家商店现在已经关门了。这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态状态)This shop is closedclosed at 6 pm every day 这家商店每天这家商店每天6 6点关门。点关门。(动作动作）过去分词与现在分词做表语的区别过去分词与现在分词做表语的区别ing作表语与-ed作表语有何区别？1.The result of the test is disappointing.I feel disappointed with the result of the test.2.The story is very i

18、nteresting.He is interested in the book.3.The result is quite surprising!I am surprised at what he said.归纳：归纳：V-ing 形式表示形式表示“令人令人的的”V-ed 形式表示形式表示“某人感到某人感到的的”Compete the sentences using the right form of the Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.given verb.1.1.I had nothing to

19、do.I was _(bore)and I had nothing to do.I was _(bore)and lonely.lonely.2.2.Jack looked even more _(amaze)than he felt.Jack looked even more _(amaze)than he felt.3.3.The results were very _(disappoint).The results were very _(disappoint).4.4.I was thanked by the _(satisfy)I was thanked by the _(satis

20、fy)customer.customer.boredbored amazedamazed disappointingdisappointing satisfiedsatisfiedPractice什么是宾语补足语宾语补足语？We think him clever.Everyone calls him monitor.They think the answer correct.三、动词过去分词作宾语补足语。什么是宾语补足语宾语补足语？We think him clever.主+谓+宾+宾补Everyone calls him monitor.They think the answer corre

21、ct.什么是宾语补足语宾语补足语？We think him clever.主+谓+宾+宾补Everyone calls him monitor.主+谓+宾+宾补They think the answer correct.什么是宾语补足语宾语补足语？We think him clever.主+谓+宾+宾补Everyone calls him monitor.主+谓+宾+宾补They think the answer correct.主+谓+宾+宾补1.His father named him Daming.2.They painted their house white.3.You mustnt

22、 force him to lend his money to you.4.Nobody noticed him enter the room.5.We saw her entering the room.(名词名词)(动词不定式动词不定式)(现在分词或其短语现在分词或其短语)(形容词形容词)(省略省略toto的动词不定式的动词不定式)哪些可以做宾补？哪些可以做宾补？6.We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.7.Whenever you may go,you will find him at work.8.Let the fresh air in

23、.(过去分词过去分词)(介词短语介词短语)(副词副词)(1)有些有些及物动词及物动词，接了，接了_意义仍不完整，还需要其他成意义仍不完整，还需要其他成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为_，简称简称_。(2)过去分词做宾语补足语，表示过去分词做宾语补足语，表示_,_ 或宾语所处的或宾语所处的_。(3)分词与宾语具有分词与宾语具有_，即宾语是过去分，即宾语是过去分词动作的词动作的_。状态状态被动被动宾语宾语完成完成动宾关系动宾关系承受者承受者宾语补足语宾语补足语宾补宾补过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语归纳归纳1：表示表示_意义的意义的使役动词使役动

24、词，如：如：_等。等。后接宾语，其宾语后可接过去分词做宾补，后接宾语，其宾语后可接过去分词做宾补，表示：表示：“致使致使,使使”have,make,get“使某人使某人/某事被做某事被做”I had my hair _yesterday.cutHe got his glasses broken.He made his camera damaged.He had his wallet stolen.I saw them _ by two men.robbed 归纳归纳2：动词后接宾语，动词后接宾语，其宾语后可接做宾补，如：其宾语后可接做宾补，如：等。表示等。表示:感观感观过去分词过去分词see,

25、watch,notice,hear,feel“感受到某人或某事被做感受到某人或某事被做”。robI saw him _.blamed by his motherblameI saw _.bitehim bitten by a dog1.当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都做完了。当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都做完了。When he arrived,he _all the work_.2.我们可以听到沉重的雨滴打在窗户我们可以听到沉重的雨滴打在窗户 We can the windows_ by the heavy rain drops.foundfinishedhearbeaten 即学即练即

26、学即练Note I saw him get off the bus.I saw him knocked down by a car.I saw him lying on the road just now.(省略省略to的动词不定式的动词不定式)do:整个过程整个过程-ed:被动完成被动完成-ing:主动进行主动进行现在分词、过去分词与不定式作补语的区别现在分词、过去分词与不定式作补语的区别1.I found the apple _ by a worm.2.I found a worm _ the apple.(eat)eateneating ComparisonV-ing form VS V

27、-ed form归纳归纳3：“with 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中结构中,过去过去 分词用作介词分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。的宾语补足语。(1)The murderer was brought in,with his hands _behind his back.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(2)With water_,we can see the steam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(3)With the matter_,we all went home.事情得到解决,我们都回家了。tiedheatedsettled1.With all the tasks_(

28、finish),he felt relaxed.（过去）（过去）finishedto solve2.With all the noise_(go)on,I couldnt concentrate on my study.（现在）（现在）going3.With all the problems_(solve),the new president will have a hard time.（将来）（将来）过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中作状语，即时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随和方式状语。如：Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身

29、湿透了。(Caught in a heavy rain相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain)动词动词-ed作状语作状语(Adverbial)Given more time,I can do this thing better.(Given more time相当于条件状语从句If I am given more time)When heated,ice can be changed into water.(When heated 相当于时间状语从句when ice is heated)Exhausted by the hard work,

30、she still helped her daughter with study.尽管工作很累，她仍然辅导女儿学习。(Exhausted by the hard work相当于让步状语从句Although/though she was exhausted by the hard work）表示伴随情况或方式:The trainer appeared,followed by six little dogs.训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。（此时作状语的过去分词followed by six little dogs可转换为and连接的并列分句and he was followed by six l

31、ittle dogs.)把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如：When given a medical examination,you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。Though beaten by the opposite team,the players didnt lose heart.尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没有灰心。过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作

32、而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);absorbed in(全神贯注于);dressed in(穿着)等；以及某些动词过去分词转化来的形容词 也具有此用法：surprised,tired，disappointed等。如：Absorbed/Lost in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。Tired of working，he decided to have a rest.厌倦了工作，他决定休息一下。现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 1.逻辑关系:现在分词作状语与过去分词作

33、状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的句子的主语的逻辑关系的区别。1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的 动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。e.g.He went out,shutting the door behind him.他出去并将门随手关上。Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more encouragement,the boy could have behaved better.如

34、果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。Encouraged by what the teacher said,he decided to do it once again.受到老师的鼓励，他决定再做一次。2.时间概念:过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。Reading carefully,he found something he hadnt known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。Having finished his homework,he went home.完成了作业，他就回家了。